Religious order
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A religious order is a lineage of communities and organizations of people who live in some way set apart from society in accordance with their specific religious devotion, usually characterized by the principles of its founder's religious practice. It is usually composed of laypeople and, in some orders, clergy. Such orders exist in many of the world's religions.
Buddhism
In
Christianity
Catholic tradition
A Catholic religious institute is a society whose members (referred to as "
In the Catholic Church, members of religious institutes, unless they are also
Well-known Roman Catholic religious institutes, not all of which were classified as "orders" rather than "congregations", include
.Several religious orders evolved during the Crusades to incorporate a military mission becoming "religious military orders", such as the Knights of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, the Knights of the Order of the Temple and the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre
Non-monastic religious institutes typically have a motherhouse or generalate with jurisdiction over any number of dependent religious communities, whose members may be moved by their superior general to its other communities as the institute's needs require.
In accordance with the concept of independent communities in the Rule of Saint Benedict, the Benedictines have autonomous abbeys (so-called "independent houses"). Their members profess "stability" to the abbeys where they make their religious vows; hence their abbots or abbesses may not move them to other abbeys. An "independent house" may occasionally make a new foundation which remains a "dependent house" (identified by the name "priory") until it is granted independence by Rome and itself becomes an abbey. Each house's autonomy does not prevent it being affiliated into a congregation—whether national or based on some other joint characteristic—and these, in turn, form the supra-national Benedictine Confederation.
Orthodox tradition
In the
: Trebnik), the same book as the other Sacred Mysteries and services performed according to need.Lutheran tradition
Martin Luther had concerns with the spiritual value of monastic life at the time of the Reformation.
Other examples of Lutheran religious orders include the "
Anglican tradition
Religious orders in England were dissolved by
Anglican religious voluntarily commit themselves for life, or a term of years, to holding their possessions in common or in trust; to a celibate life in community; and obedience to their Rule and Constitution.[11]
There are presently thirteen active religious orders for men, fifty-three for women, and eight mixed gender.
Methodist tradition
The
The Order of Saint Luke is a religious order in the United Methodist Church dedicated to sacramental and liturgical scholarship, education, and practice.
Anabaptist tradition
Some Protestant religious orders follow Anabaptist theology. These would include the
Jehovah's Witnesses
Among their corporations, the
Jehovah's Witnesses do not have a separate clergy class, but consider an adherent's qualified
Islam
Sufis
A
Shia
Among
Salafi
There is some historical connection between certain schools of Sufism and the development of
Judaism
Other traditions
A form of ordered religious living is common also in many tribes and religions of Africa and South America, though on a smaller scale, and some parts of England.[citation needed] Due to the unorganized character of these small religious groups, orders are not as visible as in other well-organised religions.
See also
- Asceticism
- Enclosed religious orders
- Monasticism
- Mendicancy
- Religion-supporting organization
Notes
- ^ Code of Canon Law, canon 1192 §2
- ^ Code of Canon Law, canons 607 §2
- ^ cf. The Code of Canon Law 1983, canon 207
- ^ Code of Canon Law, canon 588
- ^ "An Outline of Orthodox Monasticism".
- ^ "Orthodox Nuns".
- ISBN 978-1-46166403-1), article: "Monasticism"
- ^ "The Benedictines".
- ^ "Kloster Ebstorf". Medieval Histories. 8 August 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
The monastery is mentioned for the first time in 1197. It belongs to the group of so-called Lüneklöstern (monasteries of Lüne), which became Lutheran convents following the Protestant Reformation. […] It is currently one of several Lutheran convents maintained by the Monastic Chamber of Hanover (Klosterkammer Hannover), an institution of the former Kingdom of Hanover founded by its Prince-Regent, later King George IV of the United Kingdom, in 1818, in order to manage and preserve the estates of Lutheran convents.
- ^ "Saint Augustine's House Lutheran Monastery in Oxford, Michigan".
- ^ Anglican Communion Office. "Religious Communities". Anglican Communion Website.
- ^ Bruderhof (2015-10-29), What is the Bruderhof?, archived from the original on 2021-11-18, retrieved 2017-05-26
- ^ "Learning from the Bruderhof: An Intentional Christian Community". ChristLife. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
- ^ "Nigeria: Governor's Visit", EBS TV News, August 3, 2001, transcript, "Broadcast lasted: 3 minutes Newscaster: "The State Governor, Chief Lucky Igbinedion, today undertook a facility tour of the religious center of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nigeria, otherwise known as Bethel, at Igieduma in Uhunmwode Local Government Area. He was accompanied in the tour by some commissioners and Secretary to the State Government, Mr. Mat. Akhionbare. For details, over to Government House correspondent, Benjamin Osagie: "Welcoming the Governor and his entourage, Mr. Albert Nwafor Olih disclosed that in harmony with its name, everything done in Bethel was guided by Bible principles and the fear of God. Mr. Olih explained that all residents are baptized Jehovah's Witnesses and members of a religious Order known as the Order of Special Full-time Servants and the Bethel Family. He said they have voluntarily taken a sacred vow to perform their duties geared towards promoting the preaching of the Gospel of the kingdom""
- ^ "Preaching and Teaching Earth Wide—2008 Grand Totals", 2009 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, page 31, "All are members of the Worldwide Order of Special Full-Time Servants of Jehovah's Witnesses."
- ^ "Beliefs—Membership and Organization", Authorized Site of the Office of Public Information of Jehovah's Witnesses, As Retrieved 2009-09-01 Archived 2012-08-26 at the Wayback Machine, "Jehovah's Witnesses have no clergy-laity division. All baptized members are ordained ministers"
- U.S. Supreme Court case Dickinson v. United States (1953) found that Dickinson should have been considered a minister by his draft board because of his ordination by baptism as a Jehovah's Witness and his continued service as a Jehovah's Witness "pioneer". Online
- ^ Today, Wahhabism is often represented as inimical to Sufism. This is not the original conception of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, who accepted Sufism as a genuine part of Islam. See e.g.: nsweringwhabismandsalafism.wordpress.com "Ibn `Abd al- Wahhab said in the third volume of his complete works published by Ibn Sa`ud University, on page 31 of the Fatawa wa rasa'il, Fifth Question: Know — may Allah guide you — that Allah Almighty has sent Muhammad, blessings and peace upon him, with right guidance, consisting in beneficial knowledge, and with true religion consisting in righteous action. The adherents of religion are as follows: among them are those who concern themselves with learning and fiqh, and discourse about it, such as the jurists; and among them are those who concern themselves with worship and the pursuit of the Hereafter, such as the Sufis. Allah has sent His Prophet with this religion which encompasses both kinds, that is: fiqh and tasawwuf."
- ISBN 0892813113.
- ^ Margery Wakefield. "Understanding Scientology". For the Next Billion Years. Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
- ^ "The Sea Org". The Sea Organization. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
External links
- Media related to Religious orders at Wikimedia Commons
- List of Contemplative Men's Monasteries in the United States
- List of Contemplative Women's Monasteries in the United States
- VocationNetwork.org information about Catholic religious communities and life as a sister, brother, or priest.
- DigitalVocationGuide.org digital edition of VISION, the annual Catholic religious vocation discernment guide.
- Abbot Gasquet, Full Text + Illustrations, Religious Orders of England.