Renal glucose reabsorption

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Renal glucose reabsorption is the part of kidney (renal) physiology that deals with the retrieval of filtered glucose, preventing it from disappearing from the body through the urine.

If glucose is not reabsorbed by the kidney, it appears in the urine, in a condition known as

diabetes mellitus.[1]

Firstly, the glucose in the proximal tubule is co-transported with sodium ions into the proximal convoluted tubule walls via the

SGLT2
cotransporter. Some (typically smaller) amino acids are also transported in this way. Once in the tubule wall, the glucose and amino acids diffuse directly into the blood capillaries along a concentration gradient. This blood is flowing, so the gradient is maintained. Lastly, sodium/potassium ion active transport pumps remove sodium from the tubule wall and the sodium is put back into the blood. This maintains a sodium concentration gradient in the proximal tubule lining, so the first step continues to happen.

diabetes mellitus
to lower blood glucose.

Overview table

Characteristics of glucose reabsorption
Characteristic
Proximal tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct system
S1
S2
S3
Reabsorption (%)
98[3]
Beyond the distal convoluted tubule: 2%[3]
Reabsorption (mmol/day)
Concentration
Apical
transport proteins
SGLT2[3]
SGLT1[3]
Basolateral
transport proteins
GLUT2[3]
GLUT1[3]
Other reabsorption features

References

  1. ^ Sect. 7, Ch. 6: Characteristics of Proximal Glucose Reabsorption Archived 2007-07-15 at the Wayback Machine
  2. PMID 24330128
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 1-4160-2328-3
    . Page 793
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