Republic of China Military Academy

Coordinates: 22°37′09.0″N 120°21′56.2″E / 22.619167°N 120.365611°E / 22.619167; 120.365611
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

22°37′09.0″N 120°21′56.2″E / 22.619167°N 120.365611°E / 22.619167; 120.365611

Republic of China (Taiwan) Military Academy
中華民國陸軍軍官學校
Service academy
EstablishedMay 1, 1924; 99 years ago (May 1, 1924)
SuperintendentMaj. Gen. Chang Chieh (張捷)
Location
Fengshan District, Kaohsiung
,
CampusSuburban
Websitewww.cma.edu.tw
Republic of China Military Academy
Hanyu Pinyin
Lùjūn Guānxiào
Wade–GilesLu-chün Kuan-hsiao
Southern Min
Hokkien POJLio̍k-kun Koaⁿ-hāu
Whampoa Military Academy
Hanyu Pinyin
Huángpǔ Jūnxiào
Wade–GilesHuang-p'u Chün-hsiao
Southern Min
Hokkien POJN̂g-po͘ Kun-hāu

The Republic of China Military Academy (

Northern Expedition, the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War
.

The military academy was officially opened on May 1, 1924, but the first lessons began on June 16, 1924. The inauguration was on

Republic of China
government retreated from China to Taiwan in 1950, the academy was re-established as the Republic of China Military Academy.

Establishment

Sun Yat-sen [middle behind the table] and Chiang Kai-shek [on stage in uniform] at the founding of the Whampoa Military Academy in 1924.
Flag of the ROCMA

After the death of

Comintern, Henk Sneevliet (using the name Maring), met with Sun in Guangxi. He proposed setting up a military academy to train officers for the revolutionary army, which confirmed Sun's ideas. The Chinese Communist Party sent Li Dazhao and Lin Boqu to discuss with Sun and his party on how to set up the academy. In 1924, in the 1st National Congress of the Kuomintang, the policy of alliance with the Soviet Union
and CCP was passed as guidance for KMT. As a result, the final decision of the establishment of a military academy was made, and a preparatory committee was set up accordingly. The money necessary for the construction and support of the Academy in 1924-1925 was provided by the Soviets.

Colleges established by Sun Yat-sen
Established Re-established
"One military"
Whampoa Military Academy
In 1924
Guangzhou
In 1950
Kaohsiung
"One civil"
Sun Yat-sen University
In 1924
Guangzhou
In 1980
Kaohsiung

Organization, training, and students

Flag of the National Revolutionary Army (now as the Republic of China Army

In the beginning, the Academy had only one department which provided soldiers with basic training. While the main Academy goal was preparation of infantry units, it also provided special classes for artillery, engineering, communication, logistical and machine gun units. A special department for preparation of political agitators was established later.

Zhou Enlai as Director of the political department, Whampoa Military Academy.

The academy concentrated the revolutionary military talents at the time. Sun took the job of Premier of this academy in person although it was just an honorary title. Sun's favorite and rising star Chiang Kai-shek was appointed the first commandant of the academy. Liao Zhongkai, the famous leftist in the Kuomintang and Sun's treasury secretary, was appointed as representative of KMT to the academy. Zhou Enlai, Hu Hanmin and Wang Jingwei were instructors in the political department. He Yingqin and Ye Jianying were once military instructors.

The serious lack of expert teachers was the biggest problem for the Academy. That is why lectures delivered by Soviet officers were extremely popular with students. A.S. Bubnov, G.I. Gilev, M.I. Dratvin, S.N. Naumov prepared lectures which explained the development of military thought throughout human history and the division between western and Soviet schools of military thought.

Alumni record of the first group students of Republic of China Military Academy.

Soviet officers taught different military subjects in the Academy using their broad experience gained during the Russian Civil War. Among them were I. Vasilevich (Janovsky), N. Korneev, M. Nefedov, F. Kotov (Katyushin), P. Lunev, V. Akimov Galina Kolchugina (wife of Vasily Blyukher who was commander-in-chief of all Soviet volunteer forces sent to China) read a course of lectures on political agitation.

The first two groups of students prepared by the Academy became the core for the formation of the first two National Revolutionary Army regiments (V.A. Stepanov was an advisor provided by the Soviet Union to help in this matter). The first two prepared groups of students included 500 officers, the third one had 800 officers and the fourth group had 2000.

Legendary graduates include Nationalist commanders

Northern Expedition
.

Whampoa Military Academy students training

The Muslim

36th Division (National Revolutionary Army), attended the Whampoa military academy in Nanjing in 1929.[1][2][3]

Influence

Modern picture of the former Whampoa Military Academy in Guangzhou

The Whampoa Military Academy plays an important role in Chinese history. It not only supplied many military commanders for both the KMT and CCP, but also its graduates went on to wield significant influence on both parties' policies and governance. Especially for Chiang and KMT, the Whampoa Clique was pivotal for his governance. It competed with other cliques of KMT such as the

Nanchang Uprising
in 1927, most of its commanders were from Whampoa. In the following two decades, the CCP trained its army in the Whampoa way.

The motto of the academy "Camaraderie" (Chinese: 親愛精誠; lit. 'Fraternity', 'Sincerity', 'Expertise', 'Integrity') was proclaimed by Sun Yat-sen at the opening ceremonies. Ironically, during the Chinese Civil War, several commanders in both the KMT and the CCP were trained and educated in Whampoa. They fought for different beliefs and ideals although they used to live and study together like brothers in arms.

The academy also had significant influence over the 20th century history of other Asian countries. The fourth term of the Academy saw students not only from all parts of China, but also from different parts of Asia enroll. For example, there were 30 Koreans among them. Some were brought up in China while others were active participants during the national liberation movement of Korea in 1917-1926 and emigrated to China later only to take up arms for struggle for freedom of their country upon finishing their education.

Additionally, a large number of students were originally from Vietnam. This group was led by the exiled leader to-be of the Communist Party of Vietnam and future leader of the Vietnamese struggle for independence, Ho Chi Minh.

Relocations

The original Whampoa Military Academy existed from 1924 to 1926. Over 6 terms it enrolled more than 7000. However, after Chiang Kai-shek purged the Chinese Communist Party during the Northern Expedition, the academy was moved (and renamed as Central Military Academy - CMA 中央陸軍軍官學校 and later as Chinese Workers and Peasants Military Academy) to the newly established capital in Nanjing after the defeat of the warlords in 1928. The academy moved again in 1938 to Chengdu during the Japanese invasion.

Relocation to Taiwan

In 1950, after the Communist victory in

Fengshan, Kaohsiung as the Republic of China Military Academy (陸軍官校). The original site of the academy in Guangzhou
is now a museum.

List of superintendents

Note: "class year" refers to the alumnus's class year, which usually is the same year they graduated. However, in times of war, classes often graduate early.
A "—" in the class year column indicates a superintendent who is not an alumnus of the Academy.
# Start End Name Photo Class year Notability
1. 2 May 1924 October 1947 Chiang Kai-shek Generalissimo; 1st president of the Republic of China
2. October 1947 September 1949
Lt. Gen. Guan Linzheng
(關麟徵)
ROC Army
Commander-in-Chief
3. September 1949 December 1949 (張耀明) 1924 Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy
4. October 1950 31 October 1954
Lt. Gen. Lo Yu-lun
(羅友倫)
1929
General
; ROC Combined Services Force Commander-in-Chief
5. 1 September 1954 31 March 1957 (謝肇齊) 1929 Lieutenant general; vice president of the Army, Navy and Air Force Joint Staff University
6. 1 April 1957 31 December 1960
Lt. Gen. Hsu Ju-cheng
(徐汝誠)
1929 Lieutenant general; deputy chief of the General Staff for Operations, MND-GSH
7. 1 January 1961 March 1965
Lt. Gen. Ai Ai
(艾靉)
1926 Lieutenant general; deputy executive Minister of National Defense
8. March 1965 31 March 1970
Lt. Gen. Chang Li-fu
(張立夫)
1929 Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy
9. 1 April 1970 February 1973
Lt. Gen. Lin Chu-yao
(林初耀)
1933 Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy
10. February 1973 31 March 1976
Lt. Gen. Chin Tsu-hsi
(秦祖熙)
1937 Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy
11. 1 April 1976 December 1977
Lt. Gen. Yen Pai-chien
(言百謙)
1941
General; director of the Joint Operations Training Department, MND
12. December 1977 December 1979
Lt. Gen. Hsu Li-nung
(許歷農)
1939
General; director of the General Political Warfare Department, MND
13. December 1979 30 June 1981
Lt. Gen. Chu Chih-yuan
(朱致遠)
1939
ROC Army
Vice Commander-in-Chief
14. 1 July 1981 30 June 1983
Lt. Gen. Lu Kuang-yi
(盧光義)
1949 Lieutenant general; director of the Military Intelligence Bureau, MND
15. 1 July 1983 30 June 1985 (黃幸強) 1949
ROC Army
Commander-in-Chief
16. 1 July 1985 December 1986
Lt. Gen. Huang Yao-yu
(黃耀羽)
1952
National Security Bureau
17. December 1986 30 June 1989
Lt. Gen. Tang Yuan-pu
(湯元普)
1960 Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy
18. 1 July 1989 60 June 1991
Lt. Gen. Hu Chia-chi
(胡家麒)
1961 Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy
19. 1 July 1991 September 1993
Lt. Gen. Yang Te-chih
(楊德智)
1964
General
; ROC Combined Services Force Commander-in-Chief
20. September 1993 July 1996
Lt. Gen. Ma Teng-ho
(馬登鶴)
1960 Lieutenant general; ROC Combined Services Force Vice Commander-in-Chief
21. July 1996 July 1997 (童兆陽) 1965
ROC Army
Vice Commander-in-Chief
22. July 1997 January 1998
Lt. Gen. Ting Yu-chou
(丁渝洲)
1966
National Security Council
23. January 1998 28 February 2002 (張岳衡) 1965 Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy
24. 1 March 2002 30 June 2005 (楊國強) 1972
National Security Bureau
25. 1 July 2005 30 June 2006
Lt. Gen. Wang Ken-lin
(王根林)
1971 Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy
acting 1 July 2006 31 July 2006
Lt. Gen. Chia Fu-yi
(賈輔義)
1970 Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy (acting)
The rank of the superintendent was demoted from lieutenant general to major general by the disarmaments policy of the then President Chen Shui-bian.
26. 1 October 2006 July 2010
Maj. Gen. Chen Liang-pei
(陳良沛)
1979 Major general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy
27. July 2010 30 June 2012
Maj. Gen. Chuan Tzu-jui
(全子瑞)
1981
ROC Army
Chief of Staff
28. 1 July 2012 February 2015
Maj. Gen. Liu Te-king
(劉得金)
1983 Lieutenant general; incumbent director of the Telecommunications Development Office, MND-GSH
29. February 2015 present
Maj. Gen. Chang Chieh
(張捷)
1985 Major general; incumbent superintendent of the ROC Military Academy

Faculties

Notable alumni

Transportation

The academy is within walking distance south of

Kaohsiung MRT
.

See also

References

Further reading

External links