Republic of China Military Academy
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22°37′09.0″N 120°21′56.2″E / 22.619167°N 120.365611°E
中華民國陸軍軍官學校 | |
Service academy | |
Established | May 1, 1924 |
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Superintendent | Maj. Gen. Chang Chieh (張捷) |
Location | Fengshan District, Kaohsiung , |
Campus | Suburban |
Website | www |
Republic of China Military Academy | ||
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Hanyu Pinyin Lùjūn Guānxiào | | |
Wade–Giles | Lu-chün Kuan-hsiao | |
Southern Min | ||
Hokkien POJ | Lio̍k-kun Koaⁿ-hāu |
Whampoa Military Academy | ||
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Hanyu Pinyin Huángpǔ Jūnxiào | | |
Wade–Giles | Huang-p'u Chün-hsiao | |
Southern Min | ||
Hokkien POJ | N̂g-po͘ Kun-hāu |
The Republic of China Military Academy (
The military academy was officially opened on May 1, 1924, but the first lessons began on June 16, 1924. The inauguration was on
Establishment
After the death of
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Organization, training, and students
In the beginning, the Academy had only one department which provided soldiers with basic training. While the main Academy goal was preparation of infantry units, it also provided special classes for artillery, engineering, communication, logistical and machine gun units. A special department for preparation of political agitators was established later.
The academy concentrated the revolutionary military talents at the time. Sun took the job of Premier of this academy in person although it was just an honorary title. Sun's favorite and rising star Chiang Kai-shek was appointed the first commandant of the academy. Liao Zhongkai, the famous leftist in the Kuomintang and Sun's treasury secretary, was appointed as representative of KMT to the academy. Zhou Enlai, Hu Hanmin and Wang Jingwei were instructors in the political department. He Yingqin and Ye Jianying were once military instructors.
The serious lack of expert teachers was the biggest problem for the Academy. That is why lectures delivered by Soviet officers were extremely popular with students. A.S. Bubnov, G.I. Gilev, M.I. Dratvin, S.N. Naumov prepared lectures which explained the development of military thought throughout human history and the division between western and Soviet schools of military thought.
Soviet officers taught different military subjects in the Academy using their broad experience gained during the Russian Civil War. Among them were I. Vasilevich (Janovsky), N. Korneev, M. Nefedov, F. Kotov (Katyushin), P. Lunev, V. Akimov Galina Kolchugina (wife of Vasily Blyukher who was commander-in-chief of all Soviet volunteer forces sent to China) read a course of lectures on political agitation.
The first two groups of students prepared by the Academy became the core for the formation of the first two National Revolutionary Army regiments (V.A. Stepanov was an advisor provided by the Soviet Union to help in this matter). The first two prepared groups of students included 500 officers, the third one had 800 officers and the fourth group had 2000.
Legendary graduates include Nationalist commanders
The Muslim
Influence
The Whampoa Military Academy plays an important role in Chinese history. It not only supplied many military commanders for both the KMT and CCP, but also its graduates went on to wield significant influence on both parties' policies and governance. Especially for Chiang and KMT, the Whampoa Clique was pivotal for his governance. It competed with other cliques of KMT such as the
The motto of the academy "Camaraderie" (Chinese: 親愛精誠; lit. 'Fraternity', 'Sincerity', 'Expertise', 'Integrity') was proclaimed by Sun Yat-sen at the opening ceremonies. Ironically, during the Chinese Civil War, several commanders in both the KMT and the CCP were trained and educated in Whampoa. They fought for different beliefs and ideals although they used to live and study together like brothers in arms.
The academy also had significant influence over the 20th century history of other Asian countries. The fourth term of the Academy saw students not only from all parts of China, but also from different parts of Asia enroll. For example, there were 30 Koreans among them. Some were brought up in China while others were active participants during the national liberation movement of Korea in 1917-1926 and emigrated to China later only to take up arms for struggle for freedom of their country upon finishing their education.
Additionally, a large number of students were originally from Vietnam. This group was led by the exiled leader to-be of the Communist Party of Vietnam and future leader of the Vietnamese struggle for independence, Ho Chi Minh.
Relocations
The original Whampoa Military Academy existed from 1924 to 1926. Over 6 terms it enrolled more than 7000. However, after Chiang Kai-shek purged the Chinese Communist Party during the Northern Expedition, the academy was moved (and renamed as Central Military Academy - CMA 中央陸軍軍官學校 and later as Chinese Workers and Peasants Military Academy) to the newly established capital in Nanjing after the defeat of the warlords in 1928. The academy moved again in 1938 to Chengdu during the Japanese invasion.
Relocation to Taiwan
In 1950, after the Communist victory in
List of superintendents
- Note: "class year" refers to the alumnus's class year, which usually is the same year they graduated. However, in times of war, classes often graduate early.
- A "—" in the class year column indicates a superintendent who is not an alumnus of the Academy.
# | Start | End | Name | Photo | Class year | Notability |
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1. | 2 May 1924 | October 1947 | Chiang Kai-shek | — | Generalissimo; 1st president of the Republic of China | |
2. | October 1947 | September 1949 | Lt. Gen. Guan Linzheng (關麟徵)
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— | ROC Army Commander-in-Chief
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3. | September 1949 | December 1949 | Lt. Gen. Chang Yao-ming (張耀明)
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1924 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
4. | October 1950 | 31 October 1954 | Lt. Gen. Lo Yu-lun (羅友倫)
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1929 | General ; ROC Combined Services Force Commander-in-Chief
| |
5. | 1 September 1954 | 31 March 1957 | Lt. Gen. Hsieh Chao-chih (謝肇齊)
|
1929 | Lieutenant general; vice president of the Army, Navy and Air Force Joint Staff University | |
6. | 1 April 1957 | 31 December 1960 | Lt. Gen. Hsu Ju-cheng (徐汝誠)
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1929 | Lieutenant general; deputy chief of the General Staff for Operations, MND-GSH | |
7. | 1 January 1961 | March 1965 | Lt. Gen. Ai Ai (艾靉)
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1926 | Lieutenant general; deputy executive Minister of National Defense | |
8. | March 1965 | 31 March 1970 | Lt. Gen. Chang Li-fu (張立夫)
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1929 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
9. | 1 April 1970 | February 1973 | Lt. Gen. Lin Chu-yao (林初耀)
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1933 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
10. | February 1973 | 31 March 1976 | Lt. Gen. Chin Tsu-hsi (秦祖熙)
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1937 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
11. | 1 April 1976 | December 1977 | Lt. Gen. Yen Pai-chien (言百謙)
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1941 | General; director of the Joint Operations Training Department, MND
| |
12. | December 1977 | December 1979 | Lt. Gen. Hsu Li-nung (許歷農)
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1939 | General; director of the General Political Warfare Department, MND
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13. | December 1979 | 30 June 1981 | Lt. Gen. Chu Chih-yuan (朱致遠)
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1939 | ROC Army Vice Commander-in-Chief
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14. | 1 July 1981 | 30 June 1983 | Lt. Gen. Lu Kuang-yi (盧光義)
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1949 | Lieutenant general; director of the Military Intelligence Bureau, MND | |
15. | 1 July 1983 | 30 June 1985 | Lt. Gen. Huang Hsing-chiang (黃幸強)
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1949 | ROC Army Commander-in-Chief
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16. | 1 July 1985 | December 1986 | Lt. Gen. Huang Yao-yu (黃耀羽)
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1952 | National Security Bureau
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17. | December 1986 | 30 June 1989 | Lt. Gen. Tang Yuan-pu (湯元普)
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1960 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
18. | 1 July 1989 | 60 June 1991 | Lt. Gen. Hu Chia-chi (胡家麒)
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1961 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
19. | 1 July 1991 | September 1993 | Lt. Gen. Yang Te-chih (楊德智)
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1964 | General ; ROC Combined Services Force Commander-in-Chief
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20. | September 1993 | July 1996 | Lt. Gen. Ma Teng-ho (馬登鶴)
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1960 | Lieutenant general; ROC Combined Services Force Vice Commander-in-Chief | |
21. | July 1996 | July 1997 | Lt. Gen. Tung Chao-yang (童兆陽)
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1965 | ROC Army Vice Commander-in-Chief
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22. | July 1997 | January 1998 | Lt. Gen. Ting Yu-chou (丁渝洲)
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1966 | National Security Council
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23. | January 1998 | 28 February 2002 | Lt. Gen. Chang Yueh-heng (張岳衡)
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1965 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
24. | 1 March 2002 | 30 June 2005 | Lt. Gen. Yang Kuo-chiang (楊國強)
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1972 | National Security Bureau
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25. | 1 July 2005 | 30 June 2006 | Lt. Gen. Wang Ken-lin (王根林)
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1971 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
acting | 1 July 2006 | 31 July 2006 | Lt. Gen. Chia Fu-yi (賈輔義)
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1970 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy (acting) The rank of the superintendent was demoted from lieutenant general to major general by the disarmaments policy of the then President Chen Shui-bian. | |
26. | 1 October 2006 | July 2010 | Maj. Gen. Chen Liang-pei (陳良沛)
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1979 | Major general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
27. | July 2010 | 30 June 2012 | Maj. Gen. Chuan Tzu-jui (全子瑞)
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1981 | ROC Army Chief of Staff
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28. | 1 July 2012 | February 2015 | Maj. Gen. Liu Te-king (劉得金)
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1983 | Lieutenant general; incumbent director of the Telecommunications Development Office, MND-GSH | |
29. | February 2015 | present | Maj. Gen. Chang Chieh (張捷)
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1985 | Major general; incumbent superintendent of the ROC Military Academy |
Faculties
- Center for General Education
- Department of Civil Engineering
- Department of Physics
- Department of Foreign Languages
- Department of Political Science
- Department of Management Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Department of Information Management[4]
Notable alumni
- Lee Shying-jow, Minister of Veterans Affairs Council (2016-2018)
- Justin Yifu Lin, Chinese economist
Transportation
The academy is within walking distance south of
See also
- Republic of China Naval Academy
- Republic of China Air Force Academy
- National Revolutionary Army
- Yunnan Military Academy, founded in 1909
- Baoding Military Academy, founded in 1902
- Warlord era
- Sino-German cooperation
- History of the Republic of China
- Military of the Republic of China
- List of universities in Taiwan
- Blue Shirts Society
References
- ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3.
- ISBN 0-7007-1026-4.
- ISBN 0-8135-3533-6.
- ^ "Academic Units". R.O.C. Military Academy.
Further reading
- Wong, Edward (2012-12-28). "With Focus on Unity, China Embraces Its Pre-Communist Past". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
- Xu, Yan (2019). "Training Model Soldiers at the Whampoa Military Academy". The Soldier Image and State-Building in Modern China, 1924-1945. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-7676-5.
- Kondapalli, Srikanth (1999-04-01). "Military academies in China". Strategic Analysis. 23 (1): 27–44. ISSN 0970-0161.
- "Whampoa Military Academy Alumni Association Calls for Earlier Reunification". People's Daily Online. June 15, 2000. Retrieved 2022-02-11.
- Li, Lincoln (1994). Student Nationalism in China, 1924-1949. State University of New York (SUNY) Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1749-2.
- Sahay, Dr R. K. (2016). "7". History of China's Military. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-93-86019-90-5.
- Carter, James (2021-06-16). "The profound legacy of China's Whampoa Military Academy". SupChina.
External links
- ROCMA (Chinese) - Official Site of Republic of China Military Academy (Chinese)
- ROCMA (English) - Official Site of Republic of China Military Academy (English)