Resh

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Р

Resh is the twentieth

r] or [ɾ], but also [ʁ] or [ʀ] in Hebrew and North Mesopotamian Arabic
.

In most Semitic alphabets, the letter resh (and its equivalents) is quite similar to the letter

Nebuchadnezzar
and Nebuchadrezzar.

The Phoenician letter gave rise to the

Р
.

Origins

The word resh is usually assumed to have come from a pictogram of a head, ultimately reflecting

East Semitic cognate, rēš-, was one possible phonetic reading of the Sumerian cuneiform sign for "head" (SAG 𒊕, ) in Akkadian
.

Arabic rāʾ

The letter is named rāʾ راء in Arabic. It is written in several ways depending on its position in the word:


Position in word Isolated Final Medial Initial
Glyph form:
(Help)
ر ـر ـر ر

It ranges between an

ɹ̠] in the traditional dialect of Fes.[1]

Derived letter in other languages

Position in word Isolated Final Medial Initial
Glyph form:
(Help)
ݛ ـݛ ـݛ ݛ

The Unicode standard for Arabic scripts also lists a variant with a full stroke (Unicode character U+075b: ݛ), suggesting that this form is used in certain Northern and Western African languages and some dialects in Pakistan.[2]

Hebrew resh

Orthographic variants
Various print fonts Cursive
Hebrew
Rashi
script
Serif Sans-serif
Monospaced
ר ר ר

Hebrew spelling: רֵישׁ

In Hebrew, Resh (רֵישׁ‎) represents a rhotic consonant that has different realizations for different dialects:

As a general rule, Resh, along with

Het, do not receive a dagesh. There are a handful of exception to this rule.[3] In the Yemenite tradition, Resh is treated as most other consonants in that it can receive a dagesh hazak under certain circumstances. In the most widely accepted version of the Hebrew Bible, there are 17 instances of Resh being marked with a dagesh.[4] The list is: 1 Samuel 1:6, 1 Samuel 10:24, 1 Samuel 17:25, 2 Kings 6:32, Jeremiah 39:12, Ezekiel 16:4 [×2], Habakkuk 3:13, Psalms 52:5, Proverbs 3:8, Proverbs 11:21, Proverbs 14:10, Proverbs 15:1, Job 39:9 (?[5]'), Song of Songs 5:2, Ezra 9:6, 2 Chronicles 26:10 (?[6]
)

In gematria, Resh represents the number 200.

As abbreviation

Resh as an abbreviation can stand for Rabbi (or Rav, Rebbe, Rabban, Rabbenu, and other similar constructions).

Resh may be found after a person's name on a

gravestone to indicate that the person had been a Rabbi or to indicate the other use of Rav
, as a generic term for a teacher or a personal spiritual guide.

Spelling out

Resh is used in an Israeli phrase; after a child says something false, one may say "B'Shin Quf, Resh" (With Shin, Quf, Resh). These letters spell Sheqer, which is the Hebrew word for a lie. It would be akin to an English speaker saying "That's an L-I-E."

Character encodings

Character information
Preview ר ر ܪ
Unicode name HEBREW LETTER RESH ARABIC LETTER RA SYRIAC LETTER RISH SAMARITAN LETTER RISH
Encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex dec hex
Unicode 1512 U+05E8 1585 U+0631 1834 U+072A 2067 U+0813
UTF-8 215 168 D7 A8 216 177 D8 B1 220 170 DC AA 224 160 147 E0 A0 93
Numeric character reference ר ר ر ر ܪ ܪ ࠓ ࠓ


Character information
Preview 𐎗 𐡓 𐤓
Unicode name UGARITIC LETTER RASHA IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER RESH PHOENICIAN LETTER ROSH
Encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex
Unicode 66455 U+10397 67667 U+10853 67859 U+10913
UTF-8 240 144 142 151 F0 90 8E 97 240 144 161 147 F0 90 A1 93 240 144 164 147 F0 90 A4 93
UTF-16 55296 57239 D800 DF97 55298 56403 D802 DC53 55298 56595 D802 DD13
Numeric character reference 𐎗 𐎗 𐡓 𐡓 𐤓 𐤓

References

  1. S2CID 144607607
    .
  2. ^ Allen, Julie D.; Anderson, Deborah; et al. (eds.). The Unicode Standard, Version 6.2 (PDF). Unicode Consortium. p. 265.
  3. ^ Book Em laMikra haShalem written by Nisan Sharoni In Chapter 14:7 page 62 of the Ashdod. ספר אם למקרא השׁלם על ידי ניסן שׁרוני ׀ אשׁדוֹד ׀ תשׁס״א ׀ עמוד 62 In the 7 article of the chapter, the Rav says that the letters ״אהחער״ generally do not take a dagesh. ₪ בּאוֹתיוֹת ״אהחער״ ־לֹא יָבֹא דָגֵשׁ, בְּדֶרֶךְ כְּלָל. ₪ מכלול נז In the footnote 6 — Not to write it in Hebrew — ; it says: Except in a few cases where there is an exception to the rule… dagesh can be seen in Alef and Reish. See Mesorah haGedolah 43:26 and מכלול נז Minchas Shai 43:26.
  4. ^ "Unexpected Dagesh in Reish". Mi Yodeya. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
  5. ^ "Tanach Simanim (Hebrew Only)". www.feldheim.com. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
  6. ^ "Tanach Simanim (Hebrew Only)". www.feldheim.com. Retrieved 2024-01-02.

External links

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