Residential college
A residential college is a division of a
Various models
A prominent model for residential colleges is the colleges of the University of Oxford[2] and University of Cambridge,[3] which are legally-independent constituents of the universities that are both residential and teaching institutions.[4][5] This model was modified at Durham University, also in the UK, in the 19th century, which adapted the Oxbridge model to create non-teaching colleges that were, depending on the college, legally part of or independent of the university.[6] With the arrival of residential colleges in the United States the model diversified further. The Durham adaptation of colleges being owned by the university rather than being independent corporations is generally followed[7] and many universities, including Yale[8] and Harvard,[9] also follow Durham in keeping teaching centralised.[10]
There is also a split between fully collegiate universities (e.g. the
The primary difference between a residential college and a dormitory is often considered to be that while a student lives in a dormitory for a year, they are a member of a college for their entire student life, even when not living in the dormitories associated with that college: "Residential colleges are collegia in the original sense: societies, not buildings, and their members may reside anywhere".[15] However, as can be seen above, this is not common to all variants of the residential college system. In addition, the members of a residential college are usually expected to eat their meals together, as a unified body. Standard dormitories tend to have residents who move between dorm complexes every year, and who eat in dining halls largely mixed with residents of other dormitories. However, residential colleges can be self-catering (e.g. Josephine Butler College, Durham), yet still clearly identified as colleges.[16]
United States
In the United States, as in many collegiate universities in the UK, the academic and residential functions of the residential college system are normally separated, with the colleges primarily as residential and social units. Although residential colleges in some universities offer some classes, these offerings supplement the offerings of the major academic which have separate facilities. Other US institutions not mentioned above that have residential colleges include Binghamton University,[17]Furman University,[18] Murray State University,[19] Rice University,[20] Washington University in St. Louis, University of Miami, Central Michigan University,[21] Southern Methodist University, the University of Oklahoma,[22] the University of California, San Diego, and the University of California, Santa Cruz.[23] Many other institutions use the system as well.[24] At the University of Virginia, students may apply to live in one of three residential colleges; acceptance rates vary widely. In 2001 Vanderbilt University decided to convert to a residential college system. Since that time, Vanderbilt has built and renovated residential facilities to suit this program, including The Commons for first-year students and several colleges for upper class students.[25] At UC Santa Cruz and San Diego, all majors are available to students of any college, but each college has its own curricular requirements, especially with regard to general education.[26][27]
United Kingdom and Ireland
Collegiate structures in the
The University of Dublin (founded 1592) in Ireland has only one constituent college, Trinity College Dublin, which is thus effectively the whole university rather than a residential college. The University of St Andrews in Scotland contains three colleges, but these have neither a teaching nor residential role.
Canada
Many universities in
Australia
In Australia, colleges perform different functions at different universities. Colleges at the University of Melbourne, University of Sydney, University of Queensland, University of Adelaide, University of Tasmania and the University of Western Australia provide academic, sporting and cultural programs in addition to those offered by their parent institution and each individual college has its own personality, history and traditions. However, they only serve a small fraction of the university population. By point of comparison, the colleges at the Australian National University provide a mix of the above and a singular focus on the provision of accommodation and Monash University provides a college experience, but mostly without any academic support, the exception is the affiliated Mannix College.
St Catherine's College in Western Australia is the first residential college in Australia to have a campus at two universities - the University of Western Australia and Curtin University.
New Zealand
Residential colleges or Halls of Residence in New Zealand are common across the country's universities, particular for housing first year students. University of Auckland has 6 Halls, while University of Otago in Dunedin has a particular strong set of colleges modelled on the Oxbridge system. Each of Otago's 15 colleges has its own distinctive 'personality', history, and traditions.
Italy
In Italy, the residential college model was adopted in 2003 by all of Milan universities, according to a joint program developed in collaboration with several private and public institutions, such as Microsoft and the Lombardy Region, at the Collegio di Milano.[citation needed]
South Korea
In
There is another residential college in GIST(Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology) College at Gwangju, South Korea. The house system is a dormitory system being implemented at Caltech, Harvard, etc. in which a number of small-scale residential communities are formed within the dormitories to link studies and life together. GIST College has gained positive outcomes in undergraduate students' dormitory life as well as university life as a whole.
See also
- List of residential colleges
- University college
- Collegiate university
- House system
- Colleges within universities in the United Kingdom
References
- ^ "Residential college". University of Malaya.
- ^ "Oxford University Colleges and Halls". Oxford University web site. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
- ^ "The Colleges of the University". University of Cambridge website. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
- ^ "Organisation". University of Oxford. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
- ^ "Colleges and departments". University of Cambridge. 24 January 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
- ^ R. J. O'Hara (20 December 2004). "The Collegiate System at the University of Durham". The Collegiate Way. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ "Pasta with a side order of philosophy, please". Times Higher Education. 20 August 2004.
Although the historical roots of collegiate organisation are to be found in Oxford and Cambridge universities, the corporate independence of Oxbridge colleges is not likely to be reproduced elsewhere. But there is a growing trend in US higher education to create decentralised residential colleges more along the lines of the colleges at Durham University than at Oxford or Cambridge, and this trend holds great promise for the improvement of student life.
- ^ "Residential Colleges". Yale College Undergraduate Admission. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
Yale's residential colleges have nothing to do with majors or academic interests
- ^ Harvard College Office of Residential Life (2008). "History of the House System". Retrieved 2008-04-20.[permanent dead link].
- ^ )
- ^ "Residential Colleges". Northwestern University website. Archived from the original on 2014-02-06. Retrieved 2014-03-20.
- ^ "Residential Colleges". Princeton University Website. Retrieved 2010-03-11.
- ^ "West Campus House System". Cornell University. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ "Living and Learning: Integrated Learning Communities". Fordham University. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ Robert J. O'Hara. "How to Build a Residential College". The Collegiate Way. 1.3 Residential College Junior Members. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
- ^ R. J. O'Hara (31 July 2006). "What is a Residential College?". The Collegiate Way. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ "Our Communities - Residential Life | Binghamton University". Binghamton University. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ "Engaged Living".
- ^ Residential Colleges "Murray State University > Residential Colleges". Archived from the original on July 17, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
- ^ "About the residential college system". Rice University website. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
- ^ "Living Learning Communities". Central Michigan University. Archived from the original on 2023-06-08. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
- ^ "Residential Colleges of the University of Oklahoma". Residential Colleges of the University of Oklahoma. University of Oklahoma. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- ^ "UCSC's 10 Colleges". housing.ucsc.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-15.
- ^ O’Hara, Robert J. "Residential Colleges Worldwide". The Collegiate Way website. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
- ^ AP News. Vanderbilt to add 4 residential colleges in $600M project. Jan 24, 2018.
- ^ "Colleges".
- ^ "Residential Colleges – UC Santa Cruz". Retrieved 2023-11-24.
- ^ "Statute V: Colleges, Societies, and Permanent Private Halls". University of Oxford. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
External links
- O'Hara, Robert J. "The Collegiate Way: Residential Colleges and the Renewal of Campus Life". The Collegiate Way website. Retrieved 2007-01-02. A portal featuring related information, news, and links about the residential college idea.
- "Residential Colleges". Encyclopedia of Education. Archived from the original on 2006-05-25. Retrieved 2005-11-10. Appears to be off-line as of 2007-01-02.
- "Collegiate Way International homepage". "A world-wide association of university colleges" – promotes residential colleges and organises academic conferences