Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski | |
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59th President of Peru | |
In office 28 July 2016 – 23 March 2018 | |
Prime Minister | |
Vice President |
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Preceded by | Jorge del Castillo |
Minister of Economy and Finance | |
In office 16 February 2004 – 16 August 2005 | |
President | Alejandro Toledo |
Prime Minister | Carlos Ferrero |
Preceded by | Jaime Quijandría |
Succeeded by | Fernando Zavala |
In office 28 July 2001 – 12 July 2002 | |
President | Alejandro Toledo |
Prime Minister | Roberto Dañino |
Preceded by | Javier Silva Ruete |
Succeeded by | Javier Silva Ruete |
Minister of Energy and Mines | |
In office 28 July 1980 – 3 August 1982 | |
President | Fernando Belaúnde Terry |
Prime Minister | Manuel Ulloa Elías |
Preceded by | René Balarezo |
Succeeded by | Fernando Montero |
Personal details | |
Born | Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Godard 3 October 1938 Lima, Peru |
Nationality |
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Political party | Contigo (2019–2021) |
Other political affiliations |
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Spouses | |
Children | 4, including Alex |
Parents |
|
Relatives | Jean-Luc Godard (cousin) |
Alma mater | Exeter College, Oxford (BA) Princeton University (MPA) |
Signature | |
Website | Official website |
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Godard (Spanish:
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski was born in the
On 15 December 2017, the
Early life and education
Kuczynski was born in Miraflores, Lima, Peru, as the first son of Madeleine (née Godard) and Maxime Hans Kuczyński, one of the earliest public health leaders in Peru.[14][15][16] He is a cousin of the French film director and critic Jean-Luc Godard.[17]
His parents fled Germany in 1933 to escape from
In 1967, Kuczynski returned to Peru to work at the country's central bank during the presidency of Fernando Belaúnde. Kuczynski went into exile in the United States in 1969 due to political persecution after Belaunde's government fell to the military dictatorship of General Juan Velasco Alvarado in a coup d'état. The newly installed government accused Kuczynski of funnelling about $18 million (equivalent to $115 million in 2016) to Nelson Rockefeller’s International Petroleum Company. He joined the World Bank as the chief economist managing the northern countries of Latin America, moving on to become Chief of Policy Planning.[20]
From 1973 to 1975, he was a partner at
From 1983 to 1992, he was co-chairman of First Boston in New York City, an international investment bank. In 1992, he founded, with six other partners, the Latin American Enterprise Fund (LAEF) in Miami, Florida, a private equity firm that focused on investments in Mexico, Central and South America. The institutional investors in LAEF included more than 15 of the world's largest university endowments, foundations, and pension funds. In 1983, he helped found the Inter-American Dialogue and remained a member until 1997.[23]
Early political career
Involvement in politics
In 1980, following the election of
During the rest of the 1980s and 1990s, Kuczynski was mainly involved in the private equity and fund management business in the United States. He made small personal donations to the presidential campaigns of George H. W. Bush and of George W. Bush, and to the state-senator campaign of his wife's cousin in Wisconsin. He additionally made donations to New York Senator Chuck Schumer and New Jersey Senator Bill Bradley[25]
In 2000, Kuczynski joined the presidential campaign of
In 2007,
After working with the Toledo administration, Kuczynski founded Agua Limpia, a Peruvian non-governmental organization that provides drinking water systems to communities in Peru.
He ran unsuccessfully for president in 2011, but later went on to win the 2016 Peruvian general election against Keiko Fujimori, becoming the 66th President of Peru until March 2018.
Central Reserve Bank of Peru
Kuczynski returned to
Minister of Energy and Mines
In 1980, Kuczynski returned to Peru and collaborated in the election campaign of
Minister of Economy and Finance
During the presidential campaign of Alejandro Toledo, Kuczynski worked as the head of government planning team. He was later appointed as the Minister of Economy and Finance. As such, he made numerous agreements with the International Monetary Fund to help fulfill the goals in the neoliberal economic policies outlined by Peru. However, he was criticized on countless occasions by Alan García, the main leader of opposition to the government.
Prime Minister
After the increase in social protests in
In a cabinet reshuffle, Kuczynski appointed
2011 presidential election
On 1 December 2010, Kuczynski announced that he would stand as a candidate for President of Peru in the upcoming elections.[32]
Kuczynski ran for President of Peru in the general election, though he did not pass into the run-off as head of the
2016 presidential campaign
In 2015, he announced that he would run for president again, but with a political party that he had built himself (Peruanos Por el Kambio, PPK).[33]
Kuczynski won 21% of the popular vote in Peru's general elections on April 10, 2016, to qualify for a runoff vote against Keiko Fujimori,[34] in which he narrowly triumphed with 50.12% of the vote to Fujimori's 49.88%,[6] a margin of just thirty-nine thousand votes out of nearly eighteen million cast. Barely a week before the second round of voting, while trailing Keiko, Kuczynski received an important endorsement from third-place finisher Verónika Mendoza (18.82%), Peru's leading left-wing candidate, in an effort to defeat Fujimori.[33]
Keiko's party, Fuerza Popular, had an absolute majority in Congress with 73 of the 130 seats; PPK trailed with 18.[33]
Presidency (2016–2018)
Kuczynski was sworn in as president on 28 July 2016.[7][8] At age 77, he was the oldest President to take office.[35]
As part of the recent push in Peru to recognize and integrate indigenous peoples into national life, Kuczynski's government supported the use of
Almost immediately after winning the election, Kuczynski, despite previous public statements in support of social conservatism, appointed nearly all his ministers from the left (including many of Toledo's ex-ministers), and his government quickly became known for its promotion of feminism, abortion rights, and LGBT rights. This did not please the conservatives who had previously supported him, which led to the censure of two of his education ministers by the opposition-controlled congress, and a no-confidence vote for his entire cabinet in 2017.
Foreign policies
Kuczynski opposed the government of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela, and welcomed Venezuelan expatriates. Nearly 200,000 Venezuelans settled in Peru, others moved to Peru, then later to Chile or Argentina. Kuczynski was one of the first leaders of the Latin American faction that asked for the democratization of Venezuela.[37] Peru revoked Venezuela's invitation to the 8th Summit of the Americas because of Maduro's plan to hold an early presidential election, as the major opposing parties were banned from it.[38]
Controversies
First impeachment
On 15 December 2017, the
Pardon of Alberto Fujimori
On 24 December 2017, three days after surviving the impeachment vote, Kuczynski pardoned former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori.[41]
Second impeachment, Kenjivideos and resignation
After further scandals broke out surrounding Kuczynski, a second impeachment vote was to be held on 22 March 2018. Two days before the vote, Kuczynski stated that he would not resign and decided to face the impeachment process for a second time. The next day on 21 March 2018, a video was released of Kuczynski allies, including his lawyer and Kenji Fujimori, attempting to buy a vote against impeachment from one official.[42]
Following the release of the video, Kuczynski presented himself before congress and officially submitted his resignation to the Congress of the Republic.[11][12] Kuczynski's first vice president, Martín Vizcarra, was later named President of Peru on 23 March 2018.
Resignation
Kuczynski announced his resignation from the presidency on 21 March 2018.[43]
I think what’s best for the country is for me to resign to the Presidency of the Republic. I don’t want to be an obstacle for the nation’s search for a path to unity and harmony that it very needs and that was refused to me. I don’t want the motherland nor my family to continue suffering with the uncertainty of these recent times.(...) There will be a constitutionally ordered transition.[44]
This came in result of the dissemination of videos and audios, known as
Other presidents of Peru who have resigned are Guillermo Billinghurst (forced resignation), Andrés Avelino Cáceres and Alberto Fujimori. The current Peruvian Constitution of 1993 establishes in its article 113 that the Presidency of the Republic is vacated by:[45]
- Death of the President of the Republic.
- His permanent moral or physical disability, declared by Congress.
- Acceptance of his resignation by Congress.
- Leaving the national territory without permission of the Congress or not returning to it within the established period.
- Dismissal, after having been sanctioned for any of the infractions mentioned in Article 117 of the Constitution.
Congressional vote
The Board of Spokesmen of the Congress agreed to accept the resignation.[46]
On March 23 it was approved to accept the resignation of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski and declare the presidential vacancy with 105 votes in favor, 12 votes against and four abstentions.[47][48]
Party blocs | In favor | Against | Abstained |
---|---|---|---|
Fuerza Popular | 56 | 0 | 0 |
Peruanos por el Kambio | 0 | 12 | 0 |
Nuevo Perú | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Frente Amplio | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Alianza para el Progreso | 7 | 0 | 0 |
Acción Popular | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Célula Parliamentaria Aprista | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Independent | 12 | 0 | 4 |
TOTAL | 105 | 12 | 4 |
Post-presidency (2018–present)
Lava Jato Case
On April 10, 2019, he was arrested along with his secretary Gloria Kisic Wagner and his ex-driver José Luis Bernaola for an alleged crime of money laundering in the Odebrecht case.[49] In turn, he authorized the Prosecutor's Office to search for 48 hours the homes linked to their surroundings in search of documents related to that case.
On April 19, 2019, Judge Jorge Chávez placed Kuczynski in preventive detention for the period of 3 years. Kuczynski received the news at a clinic in Lima where he was hospitalized for a cardiac intervention derived from a hypertension crisis. For Gloria Kisic Wagner and José Luis Bernaola, the judge rejected preventive detention and ordered that both serve a restricted appearance.
On May 2, 2019, Kuczynski left the clinic where he was hospitalized and was transferred to his home where he is under house arrest.[50]
Pandora Papers
In the Pandora Papers leak of 3 October 2021, Kuczynski was named in the revealed documents.[51][52] The leak allegedly showed that when Kuczynski was Minister of the Economy in July 2004, he created Dorado Asset Management LTD with the help of OMC Group in the British Virgin Islands.[52] Kuczynski's attorney responded to the Pandora documents saying "Dorado was conceived exclusively as a legal mechanism for patrimonial protection; it was used only for two properties acquired with money of lawful origin".[52]
Family and personal life
His father,
Kuczynski has been married twice, first to Jane Dudley Casey, the daughter of Joseph E. Casey, a former member of the United States House of Representatives for the 3rd district of Massachusetts. Their children are businesswoman Carolina Madeleine Kuczynski, the New York Times journalist Alex Kuczynski,[26] and John-Michael Kuczynski. Kuczynski and Casey divorced in 1995.
Kuczynski's second wife is
Kuczynski's younger brother, Miguel Jorge Kuczynski Godard, is a fellow of
Kuczynski is a first cousin of French film director Jean-Luc Godard by his mother, Madeleine Godard, who was the aunt of the film director.[33]
He held
Kuczynski is a polyglot. Aside from his native Spanish, Kuczynski also speaks English and French fluently, and is proficient in German.
Electoral history
Year | Office | Type | Party | Main opponent | Party | Votes for Kuczynski | Result | Swing | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | % | P. | ±% | |||||||||||
2011 | President of Peru | General | Alliance for the Great Change | Ollanta Humala | Peruvian Nationalist Party | 2,711,450 | 18.52% | 3rd | N/A | Lost | N/A[59] | |||
2016 | President of Peru | General | Peruvians for Change | Keiko Fujimori | Popular Force | 3,228,661 | 21.04% | 2nd | N/A | N/A | N/A[60] | |||
2016 | President of Peru | General (second round) | Peruvians for Change | Keiko Fujimori | Popular Force | 8,596,937 | 50.12% | 1st | N/A | Won | Gain[61] |
Ancestry
This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. (March 2020) |
Ancestors of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Notes
References
- ^ Kcomt, Ricardo Monzón (21 March 2018). "Perú Crisis presidencial : PPK entre la renuncia y la vacancia [Análisis]". Peru21 (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ^ "Aprueban 36 meses de prisión preventiva para Pedro Pablo Kuczynski". CNN (in European Spanish). 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
- ^ "Mitos y verdades sobre PPK". Ppk.pe. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
- ^ "Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros". Pcm.gob.pe. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
- ^ "Elecciones Presidenciales, Congresales y de Parlamento Andino Peru 2011". Elecciones2011.onpe.gob.pe. Archived from the original on 2 September 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
- ^ a b LR, Redacción (6 June 2016). "Resultados ONPE: tendencia que favorece a PPK no se revertirá - LaRepublica.pe". Retrieved 15 December 2017.
- ^ a b "Peru's New President Sworn in Surrounded by Ivy League Aides - ABC News". ABC News. Archived from the original on 29 July 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
- ^ a b "Peru's New President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Sworn in". BBC News. 28 July 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
- ^ Collyns, Dan (15 December 2017). "Peruvian officials begin impeachment process against president Kuczynski". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
- ^ "PPK no fue vacado por el Congreso de la República" [PPK was not vacated by the Congress of the Republic]. El Comercio (in Spanish). 22 December 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
- ^ La República(in Spanish). 21 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.(Spanish)
- ^ a b "PPK renunció a la presidencia del Perú". Gestión (in Spanish). 21 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.(Spanish)
- ^ "Peru ex-president Kuczynski ordered into pre-trial house arrest". Reuters. 28 April 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
- ^ Bartholomew Dean 2004 “El Dr. Maxime Kuczynski-Godard y la medicina social en la Amazonía peruana” Introduction in La Vida en la Amazonía Peruana: Observaciones de un medico. by Maxime Kuczynski-Godard. Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Serie Clásicos Sanmarquinos; Compilation and introductory essay of second edition, originally published in 1944; digital copy here)
- ^ Carlos E. Cué; Jacqueline Fowks (11 April 2016). "Kuczynski, una vida entre el dinero y la política". El País. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
- PMID 19852393.
- ^ "A Surprising Coalition Brings A New Leader To Peru". The New Yorker. 10 June 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
- ^ ISBN 9783111580876.
- ^ a b "Profile of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski". Peru Reports. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
- ^ "Individual Staff Members -- Kuczynski, Pedro-Pablo - World Bank Group Archives Holdings". archivesholdings.worldbank.org. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
- ^ "Pérou: les grandes dates de Pedro Pablo Kuczynski". www.justiceinfo.net (in French). 21 March 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
- JSTOR 165541.
- ^ American Chamber of Commerce, Chile (13 April 2017). "Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, Curriculum Vitae" (PDF).
- ^ "PPK a Keiko Fujimori: 'Me fui del Perú por las amenazas de Sendero Luminoso'". Peru21.pe. 12 May 2016. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
- ^ "Las donaciones a los Bush". Diario16. Archived from the original on 25 March 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
- ^ a b "WEDDINGS/CELEBRATIONS; Alex Kuczynski, Charles Stevenson Jr". New York Times. 1 December 2002. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
- ^ Zarate, Andrea (21 December 2017). "Bid to Oust Peru's President Falls Short in Congress". The New York Times.
- ^ "Perú: Alejandro Toledo seguirá detenido en EE.UU. hasta que se determine si será extraditado". France 24. 19 July 2019. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
- ISBN 978-612-317-425-5.
- ^ Sholtz, Laura (16 November 2016). "Dead Frogs and Oil Spills: Reconciling Kuczynski's Promise of Clean Water with Peru's Recurring Industrial Pollution Incidents". Council on Hemispheric Affairs / MIL OSI. Retrieved 2 August 2019 – via LiveNews.co.nz.
- ^ "Agua Limpia". Agualimpia.org. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ^ "Kuczynski será candidato a la Presidencia y el lunes presentará a sus aliados". Elcomercio.pe. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f Anderson, Jon Lee (10 June 2016). "A Surprising Coalition Brings A New Leader To Peru". The New Yorker. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
- ^ "2016 presidential elections". Peru Reports. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
- ^ Briceno, Franklin; Goodman, Joshua (12 April 2016). "Fujimori's accidental rival embraces 'gringo' label in Peru". Associated Press. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
- ^ "Peru's indigenous-language push". The Economist. Lima, Peru. 26 August 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
- ^ Daniel Lozano (22 March 2018). "Un golpe para los venezolanos en su "tierra prometida"" [A harsh blow for the Venezuelans in their "promised land"] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
- ^ "Summit host yanks Venezuela's invitation over early election". WJHL. 13 February 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
- ^ "Peru's leader resists pressure to resign". Bbc.com. 15 December 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ^ "Peru's leader faces impeachment". Bbc.com. 15 December 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ^ "UPDATE 6-Peru president pardons ex-leader Fujimori; foes take to streets". Msn.com. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ^ "Pressure builds on Peru president to quit over secret videos". Fox News. Associated Press. 21 March 2018.
- ^ Taj, Mitra; Aquino, Marco (21 March 2018). "Peru prosecutors seek to bar toppled president from leaving country: source". Reuters. Lima. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
- ^ "PPK: Las frases que dejó su último mensaje presidencial" (in Spanish). Gestión. 22 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ "Political constitution of the Peru" (in Spanish). onpe.gob.pe. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
- ^ "PPK: Junta de Portavoces acordó aceptar su renuncia". El Comercio (in Spanish). 21 March 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
- ^ "Renuncia de PPK: los votos en contra y las abstenciones". El Comercio (in Spanish). 23 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ "Congreso acepta renuncia de Kuczynski a la Presidencia" (in Spanish). andina.pe. 23 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
- ^ de 2019, 3 de Mayo. "Pedro Pablo Kuczynski abandonó la clínica donde estaba internado y cumplirá arresto domiciliario en Lima". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 12 May 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - El País. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- ^ a b c "Pandora Papers | Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, Sebastián Piñera y otros líderes latinoamericanos mencionados en investigación del ICIJ | PPK | MUNDO". El Comercio (in Spanish). 3 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- ^ "Peru presidential contender is son of Polish Jews who fled Nazis". The Times of Israel. 6 April 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
- ^ Bartholomew Dean 2004 “El Dr. Máxime Kuczynski-Godard y la medicina social en la Amazonía peruana” Introduction in La Vida en la Amazonía Peruana: Observaciones de un medico. by Máxime Kuczynski-Godard. Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Serie Clásicos Sanmarquinos) (Compilation and introductory essay of second edition, originally published in 1944)
- ^ "La vida en la Amazonía peruana: Observaciones de un médico". sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ^ a b "Conoce a Nancy Ann Lange, nueva primera dama de Peru". El Universal (Mexico City). 28 July 2016. Archived from the original on 31 July 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
- ^ "Commencement Exercises 2020, Princeton University". Princeton University. 31 May 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
- ^ "Presidente do Peru e a luta para manter seu mandato". Agence France-Presse. Universo Online. 12 December 2017. Archived from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
- ^ ""ELECCIONES GENERALES 2011 - PRESIDENCIAL"".
- ^ ""ELECCIONES GENERALES 2016 - PRESIDENCIAL"".
- ^ ""SEGUNDA VUELTA DE ELECCIÓN PRESIDENCIAL 2016 - PRESIDENCIAL"".
External links
- Official website (in Spanish)
- Pedro Pablo Kuczynski profile - El Mundo newspaper (in Spanish)
- PPK on Twitter
- Newsweek interview with Kuczynski
- Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)