Resistance theory in the early modern period
Resistance theory is an aspect of
Any "
The language of magistracy
Resistance theory has been formulated as "resistance to the magistrate", where magistrate stands for authority in the legal form. In effect "magistrate" here may stand for
Christian resistance theories of the early modern period
The various strands did not develop separately, and drew on pre-Reformation thinkers as well as contemporaries.
Lutheran resistance theory
It is argued that the beginnings of Protestant resistance theory lay in the legal positions worked out after the 1530 Diet of Augsburg, by jurists working for the Electorate of Saxony and the Landgraviate of Hesse.[2] A summary on Lutheran ideas about resistance was included with the 1550 Magdeburg Confession.[3][4] It argues that the "subordinate powers" in a state, faced with the situation where the "supreme power" is working to destroy true religion, under very specific circumstances (such as when the Beerwolf clause is fulfilled) may go further than non-cooperation with the supreme power and assist the faithful to resist.[5]
Calvinist resistance theory
The mainstream ideas from the Magdeburg Confession recur in Calvinist writings, from 1558 onwards.
The literature includes but is not limited to the
Catholic resistance theory
In the French context, Catholic resistance theory grew on the
Resistance theory and the Church of England
The
In
By the time of the reign of Charles I, other considerations had come to matter more. Arminianism in the Church of England had become a source of great tension. But in theological terms Arminianism was compatible with divine right, as it was with resistance theory. The argument on resistance was going on elsewhere.[20]
Resistance theory and the English Civil war
A context for resistance theory in England was in the theoretical discussions of
Whig resistance theory
The
The trial in 1710 of
See also
References
- ^ Arthur P. Monahan, The Circle of Rights Expands: Modern political thought after the Reformation, 1521 (Luther) to 1762 (Rousseau) (2007), pp. 55–6; Google Books.
- ^ J. H. Burns (editor), The Cambridge History of Political Thought, 1450-1700, p. 200; Google Books.
- ^ (in German) Bekenntnis Unterricht und Vermanung.
- ^ John R. Stumme and Robert W. Tuttle, Church & State: Lutheran perspectives (2003), pp. 41–2; Google Books.
- ^ R. B. Wernham (editor), The New Cambridge Modern History: The Counter-Reformation and price revolution, 1559-1610 (1968), p. 98; Google Books.
- ^ John William Allen, A History of Political Thought in the Sixteenth Century (1977), p. 106.
- ^ Burns, p. 194; Google Books.
- ^ Patrick Collinson, Elizabethans (2003), p. 45; Google Books.
- ^ Wiep van Bunge et al. (editors), The Dictionary of Seventeenth and Eighteenth-Century Dutch Philosophers (2003), Thoemmes Press (two volumes), article Althusius, Johannes, p. 11–18.
- ^ Deborah Baumgold, Contract Theory in Historical Context: essays on Grotius, Hobbes, and Locke (2010), p. 29–30; Google Books.
- ^ Burns, p. 233; Google Books.
- ^ Burns, p. 231; Google Books.
- ^ Burns, p. 232; Google Books.
- ^ Edward Vallance, Revolutionary England and the National Covenant: state oaths, Protestantism, and the political nation, 1553-1682 (2005), p. 12; Google Books.
- ^ Robert Oresko, G. C. Gibbs, Hamish M. Scott, Royal and Republican Sovereignty in Early Modern Europe: essays in memory of Ragnhild Hatton (1997), p. 141; Google Books.
- ^ Anthony Milton, Catholic and Reformed: The Roman and Protestant Churches in English Protestant Thought, 1600-1640 (2002), p. 517; Google Books.
- ^ W. B. Patterson, King James VI and I and the Reunion of Christendom (2000), pp. 23–4 and pp. 67–8.
- ^ Lisa Ferraro Parmelee, Good Newes from Fraunce: French anti-league propaganda in late Elizabethan England (1996), pp. 88–9; Google Books.
- ^ Francis Oakley, Politics and Eternity: studies in the history of medieval and early-modern political thought (1999), p. 166; Google Books.
- ^ a b Glenn Burgess, The Politics of the Ancient Constitution (1992), p. 181, p. 95, and p. 171.
- ^ p. 89; Google Books.
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22926. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ Conrad Russell, The Causes of the English Civil War (1990), p. 23.
- ^ Nicholas T. Phillipson, Quentin Skinner, Political Discourse in Early Modern Britain (1993), p. 250; Google Books.
- ^ R. O. Bucholz, Newton Key, Early Modern England 1485-1714: a narrative history (2009), p. 298; Google Books.
- ^ Michael Brydon, The Evolving Reputation of Richard Hooker: An Examination of Responses, 1600–1714 (2006), pp. 188–90.