Reuben, Reuben (opera)

Reuben, Reuben is a two-act, "urban folk opera"^[1] (or a "musical play") by Marc Blitzstein, written from 1953 to 1955. Set in New York's Little Italy and inspired by the Faust legend,^[2] it concerns Reuben, a suicidal veteran who has received a medical discharge because he cannot speak. His disorder serves as an allegory of the difficulties of interpersonal communication in society, and of the eventual triumph of love over these difficulties and over the death wish.^[3] It was shown at the Shubert Theatre in Boston from October 10 to 22, 1955.^[4] Hanya Holm choreographed, Robert Lewis stage directed, and Cheryl Crawford produced the show.^[5][6]

Blitzstein himself described the opera as a, "picture of New York: the gaiety, plight, awareness and unawareness of anger, bitterness, insouciance, ardor, urgency, even wisdom, mellowness. All trapped: fighting the trap, or supine within it.”^[7]

History

Following the completion of his opera Regina in 1949, Blitzstein began sketching out his next work. By April of 1950, the opera soon had its title, he soon struck the interest of director Cheryl Crawford and director Robert Lewis. In assistance with the libretto, Blitzstein worked with Lillian Hellman but the formal work on the opera began in 1953. In 1950, however, following the premiere of Gian Carlo Menotti's opera The Consul, an article written by Blitzstein in the Theatre Arts Magazine detailed his view that Menotti was safer than his last opera, The Medium. Regardless of the critique, Blitzstein saw the success of this genre and called the form of musical theatre "perhaps the first true American musical form".^[7] An early public showing of Blitzstein's opera was scheduled for March 16, 1950, the day after Menotti's The Consul premiered on Broadway.

By 1954, work was slowing down and becoming more difficult as the writing process was becoming too long for Blitzstein. Nevertheless, the first draft was completed in the early parts of 1954 and a contract by Cheryl Crawford was swiftly written up.^[7] Blitzstein did not stop editing the work and continued to revise sections up until its premiere on October 10, 1955. By 1964, the opera had been forgotten.^[7]

Influence and references

Musicologist Howard Pollack has noted that Blitzstein had referred to many literary figures in the opera including classical figures like Homer and Aristotle, English writers and poets like William Shakespeare, John Keats, and Robert Shaw to Americans like F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, and Hart Crane.^[7] Further influences upon Blitzstein came from Scottish playwright James Bridie and his 1949 comic play Daphne Laureola, along with American writer James Jones and his 1951 novel From Here to Eternity. Blitzstein also drew influence from the films of American filmmaker John Huston and American choreographer Jerome Robbins.

In terms of classical music references, Blitzstein was fascinated by the emotionality of Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht's 1928 musical play The Threepenny Opera. For his opera's form, Blitzstein looked towards Verdi's 1853 opera La traviata for a model. Other influences included Leonard Bernstein's Symphony No. 2 (Age of Anxiety) and Burton Lane's 1951 song, "Too Late Now".

In 1956, Blitzstein shared his views on opera, stating that the art form could take a lesson from the language of musicals, "opera can certainly learn from them, particularly in the matter of communicativeness".^[7]

Roles

Plot

Place: Lower East Side, Manhattan (New York)

Time: 9:30 pm to dawn (early 1950s)

Act 1

Scene 1:

At 9:30 pm, a pantomime unfolds between a small-time hustler Pez a lesson on pickpocketing to young vagrant Blazer. Soon, Reuben enters, a disheartened war veteran who reminisces about the good times in his life when he was part of a circus. Jane soon enters and asks Reuben for help in finding the BMT subway, however Reuben fails to speak and scares Jane away. Reuben commits himself to being able to speak and Fez soon returns, alarmed at Reuben's artificial demeanor, warning him that there are many thieves around. An Irish-American couple, Mr. and Mrs. J. Doakes, enter fighting which irritates Reuben, and soon Jane enters. They all hold a pleasant conversation and once Jane leaves the couple notice Reuben and soon exit. Reuben begins hating the world and decides to go for a drink.

Scene 2:

Place: The Bar

Time: 10:00 pm

Four "barflies" talk about their problems to the bar owner, Bart who is flipping coins anxiously as he's worried he'll lose power to his rival Malatesta. Soon, Reuben walks in which Bart takes as a sign from God. The two talk for a bit and Reuben gives Bart a note that says, "A high place." Bart's assistant Harry is tasked with helping Reuben find a place like this. Outside, Reuben passes two boys playing and sees one of the boy's shadow morph into a demon. He becomes fearful and states the words, "Bridge, that’s where." After his manic episode, he heads for the Manhattan Bridge. Harry is tasked to follow him while Bart places odds on his death with Malatesta while the "barflies" watch.

Scene 3:

Place: The Bridge

Time: 10:30 pm

The Italian-American woman Nina has just landed a job at a call center. To celebrate, she is lazily walking on the Manhattan Bridge but is 'rescued' by Reuben who thinks she is about to jump off. She interprets his advance as assault and a cop comes to rescue her. Realizing that Reuben was trying to save her, she poses as his girlfriend and shoos the cop away. As the couple walk away, the cop laments his treatment.

Scene 4:

Place: The Bar

Time: 11:00 pm

Bart begins to feel secure in his bet with Malatesta when Reuben and Nina enter. They talk about their new friendship and Nina invites Reuben to the

The opera's run in Boston was a failure: audience members left in the middle of the show, and critics panned it. Nevertheless, Leonard Bernstein named his daughter Nina after the play's heroine.^[9] It was never performed again.^[8]

References