Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
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Revolutionary Nationalist Movement Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario | ||
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The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (
Origins
The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement was begun in 1941 by future presidents
At the time of its establishment it was a leftist/reformist party, along the lines of
Bolivian National Revolution
The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement led the leftist
Siles and Paz split in the 1960s over Paz's ambitions and personal control of the party. Filled with many strong personalities, the party had in fact begun to fragment along political and personal lines since the late 1950s, with
Further splits and return to democracy
Falling from power only deepened the intra-party squabbles. With the main body of the MNR firmly behind Paz Estenssoro, the old leader made what can be seen as a major mistake in 1971, when he supported the coup d'état of Hugo Banzer Suárez. He apparently believed that Banzer would only rule for a year or two before calling elections that the MNR would almost certainly win. If so, he badly miscalculated; Banzer exiled Paz in 1975. The main body supported Paz in exile, while a faction continued to back Banzer.
Paz' support of the Banzer dictatorship was a move that was to cost his party dearly at the polls in subsequent years. While Paz seemed to be moving steadily to the right, Siles Zuazo broke off to found the left-leaning Left-wing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNRI) in 1971. Indeed, Siles was the post-MNR politician who was best able to capitalize on the remaining legitimacy and respect that MNR had as a result of the 1952 Revolution. Paz Estenssoro led the MNR-proper in the Bolivian general elections of 1978, 1979, and 1980 elections, finishing third, second, and second, respectively.
Led by Sánchez de Lozada, the MNR won the 1993 elections and Sanchez was confirmed as president by parliament. He continued the policies of the NEP. The party placed second in 1997 elections, with the presidential candidate Juan Carlos Durán (at the time, the Bolivian constitution prohibited direct re-election of a sitting president) losing to the former dictator Banzer.
21st century
At the legislative
For the 2009 elections, the MNR was a component of the Plan Progress for Bolivia – National Convergence. The party's future is uncertain as it is no longer represented in the parliament and its last government has been tarnished by serious accusations of corruption, economic mismanagement and armed suppression of protesters.
The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement currently is led by Luis Eduardo Siles.
Electoral history
Presidential elections
Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Result |
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1947 | Víctor Paz Estenssoro | 5,194 | 5.56% | Lost |
1951 | 54,129 | 42.9% | Annulled | |
1956 | Hernán Siles Zuazo | 787,792 | 84.4% | Elected |
1960 | Víctor Paz Estenssoro | 735,619 | 76.1% | Elected |
1964 | 1,114,717 | 97.9% | Elected | |
1966 | Víctor Andrade | 88,099 | 8.7% | Lost |
1978 | Víctor Paz Estenssoro | 213,622 | 11.0% | Lost |
1979 | 527,184 | 35.9% | Lost | |
1980 | 263,706 | 20.2% | Lost | |
1985 | 456,704 | 30.4% | Elected | |
1989 | Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada | 363,113 | 25.6% | Lost |
1993 | 585,837 | 35.6% | Elected | |
1997 | Juan Carlos Durán | 396,235 | 18.2% | Lost |
2002 | Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada | 624,126 | 22.5% | Elected |
2005 | Michiaki Nagatani Morishita | 185,859 | 6.5% | Lost |
2009 | Endorsing Manfred Reyes Villa | 1,212,795 | 26.5% | Lost |
2014 | Endorsing Samuel Doria Medina | 1,253,288 | 24.2% | Lost |
2019 | Virginio Lema | 42,334 | 0.7% | Lost |
Chamber of Deputies and Senate elections
Election | Votes | % | Chamber seats | +/– | Position | Senate seats | +/– | Position |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1942 | 5 / 110
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5 | 7th | 0 / 27
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1944 | 56 / 137
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51 | 1st | 0 / 27
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1947 | 4 / 111
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52 | 4th | 1 / 27
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1 | 4th | ||
1949 | 9 / 111
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5 | 3rd | 1 / 27
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5th | |||
1956 | 787,792 | 84.4% | 61 / 68
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52 | 1st | 18 / 18
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17 | 1st |
1960 | 735,619 | 76.1% | 51 / 68
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10 | 1st | 18 / 18
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1st | |
1962 | 886,572 | 84.7% | 64 / 72
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13 | 1st | 27 / 27
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16 | 1st |
1964 | 1,114,717 | 97.9% | 57 / 73
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7 | 1st | 22 / 27
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5 | 1st |
1966 | 88,099 | 8.7% | 0 / 120
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57 | 3rd | 0 / 27
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22 | 3rd |
1979 | 527,184 | 35.9% | 48 / 117
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48 | 1st | 16 / 27
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16 | 1st |
1980 | 263,706 | 20.2% | 34 / 130
|
14 | 2nd | 10 / 27
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6 | 2nd |
1985 | 456,704 | 30.4% | 43 / 130
|
9 | 1st | 16 / 27
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6 | 1st |
1989 | 363,113 | 25.6% | 40 / 130
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3 | 1st | 9 / 27
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7 | 1st |
1993 | 585,837 | 35.6% | 52 / 130
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12 | 1st | 17 / 27
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8 | 1st |
1997 | 396,235 | 18.2% | 26 / 130
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26 | 2nd | 5 / 27
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12 | 2nd |
2002 | 624,126 | 22.5% | 36 / 130
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10 | 1st | 11 / 27
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6 | 1st |
2005 | 185,859 | 6.47% | 7 / 130
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29 | 4th | 1 / 27
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10 | 4th |
References
- ^ "Fundación del Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario / 7 de Junio de 1942 .: Un día en la historia de Bolivia". www.historia.com.bo. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
- ^ "Presentación del documento fundacional del MNR / 7 de Junio de 1942 .: Un día en la historia de Bolivia". www.historia.com.bo. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
- ^ "Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario Declaración de Principios" (PDF). 2014-07-02. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-02. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
- ^ a b "Six Weeks After Elections La Paz Has a Scandal But No Mayor". AP NEWS. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
- ^ "Nach Wahlsieg beginnt Indio-Kandidat Morales "Kampf und Naturschätze"". Wiener Zeitung. 19 December 2005. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ^ Tanja Ernst. "Demokratie und Dekolonisierung in Bolivien". University of Kassel. p. 86. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
- ^ Sören Soika. "Zwischen Multilateralismus und Souveränismus" (PDF). Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg. p. 93. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
- ^ Katharina Müller. "Zur Politischen Ökonomie von Reformen". Federal Agency for Civic Education. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ^ "MNR apoyará candidatura de Tuto Quiroga; descarta alianza con Camacho". Los Tiempos (in Spanish). 2020-01-21. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
- ^ Bolivia, Opinión. "MNR y MPS forman la alianza "Libre 21" para postular a Tuto Quiroga". Opinión Bolivia (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-02-06.
- ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2022-06-17.