Richard Adolf Zsigmondy

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The native form of this personal name is Zsigmondy Richárd Adolf. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
University of Munich
Graz University of Technology
University of Göttingen
Doctoral advisorWilhelm von Miller

Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (

Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1925, as well as for co-inventing the slit-ultramicroscope,[1] and different membrane filters. The crater Zsigmondy
on the Moon is named in his honour.

Biography

Early years

Zsigmondy was born in

Bártfa, Kingdom of Hungary) and included teachers, priests and Hungarian freedom-fighters. Richard was raised by his mother after his father's early death in 1880, and received a comprehensive education. He enjoyed hobbies such as climbing and mountaineering with his siblings. His elder brothers, Otto (a dentist) and Emil (a physician), were well-known mountain climbers; his younger brother, Karl Zsigmondy
, became a notable mathematician in Vienna. In high school Richard developed an interest in natural science, especially in chemistry and physics, and experimented in his home laboratory.

He began his academic career at the

University of Munich, to study chemistry under Wilhelm von Miller (1848–1899). In Munich he conducted research on indene and received his PhD from the University of Erlangen in 1889.[2][3][4]

Career

In 1885 Zsigmondy published his very first article as a joint publication with his Viennese professor

University of Berlin
.

In July 1892 Zsigmondy held a colloquium at

Schott Glass factory offered him a job which he accepted. He invented the Jenaer Milchglas and conducted some research on the red Ruby glass. Lecturing activities in Graz were documented until 1899.[6]

Zsigmondy left Schott Glass in 1900, but remained in Jena as private lecturer to conduct his research. Together with the optical instrument manufacturer

Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on colloids and the methods he used, such as the ultramicroscope upon which based his investigation on the Purple of Cassius
.

Before Zsigmondy finished his PhD thesis in organic chemistry, he published research on colouring glass with

silver salts and dissolved silver particles, which he recovered by dissolving the glass in hydrofluoric acid
.

Vintage cranberry glass bowl

During his stay in Graz, Zsigmondy accomplished his most notable research work, on the chemistry of

Ruby glass was a result of his studies of colloids.[7]

Aqueous colloidal gold.

In later years he worked on gold hydrosols and used them to characterize protein solutions. While in Jena he developed the slit ultramicroscope together with Henry Siedentopf. After moving to Göttingen, Zsigmondy improved his optical equipment for the observation of finest nanoparticles suspended in liquid solution. As a result, he introduced the immersion ultramicroscope in 1912.[8]

Together with Wilhelm Bachmann, Zsigmondy developed a new membrane filter (1916).[9] He later transferred his patents to a company established by him, other shareholders and Sartorius AG which was incorporated to Sartorius in the late 1970s.[10][11]

Private life

Göttingen, grave Zsigmondy's

In 1903 Zsigmondy married Laura Luise Müller, with whom he had two daughters, Annemarie and Käthe.

Richard Zsigmondy died due to his arteriosclerosis only a few months after retiring from his university position in Göttingen in early March.[12][4][13]

He was a cousin of the architect Frigyes Schulek, whose mother was Auguszta Zsigmondy. He is also related to the violinist Dénes Zsigmondy.

Ancestry

Zsigmondy[14]
Richard Zsigmondy,

Vienna (A) 1862–Göttingen (D) 1929

scientist, Nobel Prize Winner in chemistry 1925 		Father:
Adolf Zsigmondy
Pressburg/
Pozsony
, (HUN) 1816–
Vienna (A) 1880
 Grandfather:
Sámuel Zsigmondy
Pilis, (HUN) 1788–
1833 Pressburg/ Pozsony (HUN)
 Great-grandfather:
G. Zsigmondy
Körmöcbánya
(HUN) 1748-Pilis (HUN) 1799 		Great-great-grandfather:
J. Zsigmondy
Körmöcbánya
(HUN) 1765 		Great-great-grandmother:
Zsuzsanna Kossovits
Besztercebánya (HUN) ?
-Lónyabánya
(HUN) 1790
Great-grandmother:
Judit Polereczky
Alberti (Now Albertirsa) (HUN) 1756–
1833 Pressburg/Pozsony (HUN)
Grandmother:
Friderika Fábry

1793 Pressburg/ Pozsony (HUN)–
1868 Pressburg/Pozsony (HUN) 		grandmother's father:
István Fábry
Hrussó (HUN) 1751 – Pressburg/ Pozsony (HUN) 1817
grandmother's mother:
Terézia Bayer
Mother:
Irma von Szakmáry
Martonvásár (HUN) 1835
Vienna 1900
 Mothers father:
N.N. von Szakmáry
(1818–
1888) 		Mother's grandfather :
N.N.:
Mothers mother:
Mária Gegus von Kisgessény
 ? 1800
Pressburg/ Pozsony (HUN) 18 September 1883[15] 		N.N. :
Sámuel Gegus
NN:
'

Honours

Selected publications

  • doi:10.1002/andp.19003060105
    .
  • Zsigmondy, R.
    (1887). "Neue Lüster und Farben auf Glas". Polytechnisches Journal. 266: 364–370.
  • LCCN tmp84012343
    .
  • doi:10.1002/jlac.18983010104
    .
  • doi:10.1002/andp.19013090104
    .
  • doi:10.1002/bbpc.19020083608
    .
  • OL 1473920W
    .
  • Zsigmondy, R.
    (1907). Über Kolloid-Chemie mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der anorganischen Kolloide. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth.
  • LCCN 09012628
    .
  • LCCN 12018021
    .
  • doi:10.1002/ange.19130266303
    .
  • S2CID 97752413
    .
  • LCCN 17029221
    .

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Richard Zsigmondy - Biographical". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  2. doi:10.1002/cber.18890220227
    .
  3. ^ a b Herbert Freundlich (1930). "RICHARD ZSIGMONDY (1865-1929)" (PDF). Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 63 (11): 171–175.
  4. ^ a b c Monique Zimon. "Die Göttinger Nobelpreisträger" (PDF). gwdg.de (in German). Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  5. ISBN 3-205-98910-4
    .
  6. ISBN 3-205-98910-4
    .
  7. doi:10.1002/jlac.18983010104
    .
  8. PMID 23065955
    .
  9. ^ U.S. patent 1421341A
  10. ^ "Filtrationsgerät, Beschreibung in English". uni-goettingen.de. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  11. ^ "Richard Zsigmondy and the Origins of Sartorius Filtration Technology". sartorius.com. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  12. ^ a b c "Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf". austria-forum.org. Retrieved 2022-09-29.
  13. ^ "Professor Richard Zsigmondy (in Neues Wiener Tagblatt), page 10". onb.ac.at (in German). Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  14. ISBN 963-09-3569-4
  15. ^ "National Séchenyi Library - Funeral notices - Irma von Szakmáry geb. Gegus obituary".
  16. ^ Pedro J. Miana. "Jacques Hadamard en Zaragoza" (PDF). unizar.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  17. ^ Academia de Ciencias de Zaragoza: Un siglo de servicio a la sociedad (in Spanish). January 2016. Retrieved 2022-10-05 – via academia.edu.
  18. ^ "Honory [sic] doctorates". tuwien.at. Retrieved 2022-09-20.
  19. ^ "Grazer Tagblatt Samstag, 6. Oktober 1928, page 5". onb.ac.at (in German). Retrieved 2022-09-20.

Further reading

External links

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