Richard Dannatt

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The Lord Dannatt
Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service
Other workConstable of the Tower (2009–2016)

DL (born 23 December 1950)[1] is a retired senior British Army officer and member of the House of Lords. He was Chief of the General Staff
(head of the British Army) from 2006 to 2009.

Dannatt was

Implementation Force
the following year.

Dannatt took command of the

Yorkshire Regiment
.

Dannatt was appointed Chief of the General Staff (CGS) in August 2006, succeeding General

Constable of the Tower of London
, which he held until July 2016.

Between November 2009 and the British general election in May 2010, Dannatt served as a defence adviser to Conservative Party leader David Cameron. Dannatt resigned when Cameron's party formed a coalition government with the Liberal Democrats after the election produced a hung parliament, arguing that the prime minister should rely primarily on the advice of the incumbent service chiefs. Dannatt published an autobiography in 2010 and continues to be involved with a number of charities and organisations related to the armed forces. He is married with four children, one of whom served as an officer in the Grenadier Guards.

Early life

Dannatt, the son of Anthony and Mary (

London Bible College. He had an elder sister who died from breast cancer in 1988. Dannatt was heavily influenced by his paternal great-grandfather, a Victorian farmer and devout Christian who devised a drainage system.[3]

Dannatt and his sister were sent to separate boarding schools. He attended

St. Lawrence College in Ramsgate, Kent, where he joined the Combined Cadet Force (CCF) and eventually rose to senior under-officer. While at school, he developed a dislike of his first name, Francis, after it was mistaken for a girl's and he was invited to a birthday party at which he was the only boy. He eventually switched to his middle name, Richard, when he was fifteen. By then aspiring to become a barrister, Dannatt applied to study law at Emmanuel College, Cambridge but was turned down after an interview, at which point his ambition switched towards a military career.[3]

Early military career

Having initially been interested in a tank regiment, Dannatt was interviewed at the

Upon completion of the tour, Dannatt returned to Great Britain to take a platoon commanders' course, after which he rejoined the Green Howards at their barracks in West Germany. He and his platoon returned to Belfast in late 1972.[7] For gallantry on an operation in which his platoon came under fire in East Belfast on 7 February 1972, he was later awarded the Military Cross.[8] His first promotion was to lieutenant on 30 January 1973.[9]

Having completed his tour in Northern Ireland, Dannatt applied to take an "in-service" degree — a degree at a civilian university sponsored by the army — at

Trinity College, Dublin — a rare opportunity for a serving British officer at the height of The Troubles.[10]

In 1974, he was involved in fundraising for a specially adapted Mini car to be provided for a disabled fellow student, Sue Foster, which included charity dinners held at various colleges and a sponsored walk to Scotch Corner and back.[11]

As part of the arrangement for the "in-service" degree, Dannatt was required to return to the Green Howards during the summer holidays.[10] For both summers, the regiment was serving in Northern Ireland—in Armagh in 1974 and South Armagh in 1975. It was during the 1975 tour that Dannatt was involved in an operation to destroy an improvised explosive device. The device was booby-trapped, and an attempt to disable it resulted in its detonation. Dannatt was uninjured but four soldiers, including Dannatt's company commander, Major Peter Willis, were killed. Shortly thereafter, Dannatt arrested a man in connection with the incident and later gave evidence against him in court.[12] Dannatt graduated in 1976 and, rejoining his regiment, was posted to Berlin. He was appointed battalion adjutant[13] and promoted to captain in July 1977.[14]

On 11 November 1977, Dannatt, then just 26, suffered a major stroke and spent most of the next two years recovering, but was allowed to return to duty in 1978. He was posted to Northern Ireland, accompanied by his wife, who gave birth to the couple's first son in Craigavon Area Hospital a few weeks into the tour.[15]

Dannatt left Northern Ireland ahead of the rest of the battalion and was posted to the

company commander.[16]

In early 1981, his company took over the running of

After two years as chief of staff, Dannatt returned to the Green Howards, then also based in West Germany, to command a company for the second time in his career. He was posted to Northern Ireland for six months in 1985, his fifth tour of the province, though it was significantly quieter than his previous tours. He was appointed

Military Assistant to the Minister of State for the Armed Forces in 1986, his first position at the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in London.[21]

Promoted to

24th Airmobile Brigade. He served his sixth and final tour in Northern Ireland in 1991 when the Green Howards were deployed to South Armagh for a month.[24]

Returning to

Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his service in the Balkans.[32]

Handing over 4th Armoured Brigade to

David Richards, Dannatt was appointed Director, Defence Programme Staff at the MoD in 1996 and was responsible for part of the implementation of the Strategic Defence Review, produced by the Labour government that had come to power in 1997.[33]

High command

After three years at the MoD, Dannatt attained

Dannatt (far right) with James Dugdale, 2nd Baron Crathorne, Lord Lieutenant of North Yorkshire; then-Major General Nick Houghton; and Prince Andrew, Duke of York (left)

Returning to the 3rd Division, Dannatt planned two exercises at the

David Richards, to whom he had handed over command of 4th Armoured Brigade in 1996 and who later succeeded Dannatt as Chief of the General Staff.[43]

Dannatt was appointed Commander,

Yorkshire Regiment (Green Howards).[48] However, his term also coincided with an increase in the intensity of simultaneous operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, and Dannatt formed the view that government spending priorities did not accurately reflect the commitments of the British Armed Forces at the time.[49]

Chief of the General Staff

Dannatt (in the stone-coloured uniform) as CGS at an Armed Forces Day parade in Southend, Essex

Upon the retirement of Sir Mike Jackson, Dannatt was appointed

First Sea Lord and Chief of the Air Staff—his opposite numbers in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force respectively. In the letter, he asserted his view that the army was over-stretched by operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and that essential equipment, such as helicopters, was unavailable or ineffective and outdated, like the Snatch Land Rover. He also raised concerns with the standard of accommodation provided for soldiers at home and with soldiers' wages. The following weekend, he travelled to Afghanistan on his first official visit as CGS.[51] He met Des Browne in person for the first time two days after becoming CGS and later acknowledged the difficulties faced by defence secretaries in the little time they have to prepare for the role.[52]

Later in his tenure as CGS, Dannatt became concerned that his public profile was not high enough that he would be listened to outside of the army, especially given the ongoing controversy surrounding the courts-martial of soldiers alleged to be involved in the

death of Baha Mousa. As such, he accepted an invitation to an informal gathering of officers and journalists at the Cavalry and Guards Club in September 2006. During the gathering, he raised issues with journalists about defence spending in general and soldiers' wages in particular. To his surprise, and as a result of media pressure and internal lobbying, a bonus for soldiers who had served six-month tours in Iraq and Afghanistan was announced a month later.[53] Dannatt appeared in newspaper headlines in October 2006 when he gave an interview for Sarah Sands of the Daily Mail in which he opined that a drawdown of troops from Iraq was necessary in order to allow the army to focus on Afghanistan, and that wounded soldiers should recover in a military environment rather than civilian hospitals. His comments were supported by several journalists and retired officers, though others believed Dannatt had acted improperly and called for his resignation,[54][55] while Simon Jenkins of The Times called Dannatt's comments "either daringly brave or totally naive".[56]

Dannatt went on to chair a conference of welfare providers to military personnel in order to show that the army understood the issues affecting its soldiers and to organise a series of smaller conferences, hosted by himself and

Peter Norton.[59]

Another of Dannatt's priorities was tackling the perception of the British operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, as he was concerned the news media and the British public were unaware of the purpose or the intensity of the missions. Disgruntled by increasingly negative coverage, in August 2007 he interrupted a family holiday in Cornwall to fly to Afghanistan in an effort to change the coverage through a series of interviews. During the visit, he managed to meet with his son, Bertie, who was serving in the country with the

Prince Harry to serve in Iraq. However, after Dannatt had brokered an understanding with the British press, Harry was able to serve in Afghanistan for three months in late 2007 and early 2008 until the story broke and he was ordered home.[62]

In 2008, in the first speech of its kind by any CGS, Dannatt addressed the army-sponsored Fourth Joint Conference on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transsexual Matters, stating that homosexuals were welcome to serve in the army.[63]

Dannatt was raised from Knight Commander to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in the 2008–2009

New Year Honours List.[64] His tenure as CGS expired in August 2008 and he was succeeded for the last time by Sir David Richards.[65] The government took the unusual decision to extend the tenure of Air Chief Marshal Sir Jock Stirrup as CDS, rather than promote one of the outgoing service chiefs.[66] Thus all three, including Dannatt, retired, amid claims that Dannatt's potential promotion to CDS had been personally vetoed by Prime Minister Gordon Brown.[67] His last act as CGS was to nominate Nick Houghton to become the next Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff.[66][68]

Honorary titles

Dannatt was appointed Colonel, The Green Howards on 1 December 1994, succeeding Field Marshal Sir Peter Inge.[69] He was in turn relieved by Brigadier John Powell in May 2003.[70] Dannatt succeeded Sir Christopher Wallace as Deputy Colonel Commandant of the Adjutant General's Corps on 1 April 1999,[71] holding the title until 17 June 2005, when he was relieved by Major General Bill Rollo.[72] He was appointed Colonel Commandant of the King's Division, in succession to Sir Scott Grant, on 1 July 2001.[73] He relinquished the title on 10 December 2005 to fellow Green Howard, Lieutenant General (later General Sir) Nick Houghton.[74]

Between appointments in 2002, Dannatt spent six weeks at the School of Army Aviation at

Aide de Camp General (ADC Gen) to Queen Elizabeth II on 5 June 2006.[77] He was succeeded in his position with the AAC by Major General Adrian Bradshaw on 1 July 2009,[78] and relinquished the appointment of ADC Gen on 1 September 2009.[79]

Retirement

Dannatt in the full ceremonial uniform of the Constable of the Tower in 2010

It was announced in February 2009 that, after his retirement, Dannatt would be installed as the 159th

Deputy Lieutenant of Greater London on 30 June 2010[82] and of Norfolk on 19 March 2012.[83]

In 2009, Dannatt became an Honorary Doctor of Technology at Anglia Ruskin University.[84]

After leaving office as CGS, Dannatt effectively retired from the army, but technically remained a serving officer until November 2009.

special adviser.[88]

The Council of the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), a politically independent think tank dedicated to defence and security issues, elected Dannatt as the institute's Chairman in June 2009. He took up the appointment on 1 September 2009,[89] but resigned in October the same year after the announcement that he was to become an adviser to David Cameron, believing that his resignation was necessary for RUSI to maintain its political neutrality.[85] He was eventually succeeded by former Defence Secretary John Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness.[90]

Dannatt has written an autobiography, titled Leading from the Front, published by Bantam Press in 2010.[2][91] In the book, he was critical of the Labour government that led the UK from 1997 to 2010 and of Gordon Brown, Chancellor of the Exchequer and later prime minister, in particular, accusing him of "malign intervention" and, while chancellor, of refusing to fund Tony Blair's defence policy.[92] He also criticised Tony Blair for allowing himself to be effectively overruled by Brown and said of Air Chief Marshal Sir Jock Stirrup, then CDS, that "although brilliant at what he did, [he] could not have been expected to understand the sights, sounds and smells of the battlefield". The Daily Telegraph called the book "a searing indictment of how New Labour, and to some extent the military's high command, failed to properly lead, fund and equip the armed forces for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan".[93][94]

In July 2010, Dannatt gave evidence to the Iraq Inquiry, focusing predominantly on his role as ACGS in 2002. He described an initial reluctance to commit the army and stated that planning had been for a minimal land commitment and the provision of naval and air support to the United States. He also repeated his previous assertions that the army had been over-stretched by simultaneous operation in Iraq and Afghanistan in 2006 and re-stated his view that Afghanistan was the more important for British interests. Dannatt's evidence was followed by that of his predecessor as CGS, General Sir Mike Jackson.[95]

Lord Dannatt speaking at an event at the US Embassy, London in October 2018

Dannatt was nominated for a

County of Norfolk on 19 January 2011.[96]

In October 2012,

Capita Symonds, which was bidding for a contract to manage MoD estates.[97] According to The Independent, Dannatt acknowledged that he had offered to assist in facilitating conversations, but stated that he had rejected an offer of an £8,000 per month fee to lobby on behalf of the organisation and that he had "no inclination" to contravene the rules on lobbying,[98] and would regard any such claim as "seriously defamatory".[97]

In July 2016, he formally handed over his Tower of London role to the Deputy Governor and was succeeded by Sir Nick Houghton in October 2016.[99] Also in 2016, his book Boots on the Ground: Britain and her Army since 1945, was published. In the book, he opined that "going to Iraq was a strategic error of near biblical proportions" and that the defence budget of 2% of GDP is "too meagre in the current security climate".[100]

Commenting on the Victims Rights Campaign in September 2018, he told the news media that retiring soldiers, airmen and sailors should receive a psychological assessment as part of the resettlement package before leaving duty to help them avoid future prison and homelessness.[101]

Personal life

Dannatt met his wife, Philippa ("Pippa"; née

mention in despatches and reaching the rank of captain before leaving the army in 2008.[103][104][105]

In 1977, then just 26, Dannatt suffered a major stroke, rendering him unable to speak and leaving the right-hand side of his body paralysed. He spent much of the subsequent two years recovering and was eventually allowed to return to duty, though he still tires more quickly on his right-hand side than on his left and has other minor residual effects. During his recovery, Dannatt, a devout Christian, was pointed to two Bible verses, which prompted him to believe that his commitment to his faith had thus far been "half-hearted" and inspired him to make a greater commitment which, according to his autobiography, "helped define who I then became, both as a person and as a soldier".[106] Dannatt later attributed surviving his stroke and several other near-death experiences—including the incident for which he was awarded the Military Cross—to a challenge from God to "devote his life to Christ".[107]

Dannatt has been Vice President of the Armed Forces Christian Union since 1998 and President Emeritus of the Soldiers' and Airmen's Scripture Readers Association since 2020[108] (he was president from 1999 to 2019). He was President of the Army Rifle Association from 2000 to 2008 and of the Royal Norfolk Agricultural Association in 2008, presiding over that year's Royal Norfolk Show, attended by Prince Harry at Dannatt's invitation.[2][109] He served as a trustee of the Windsor Leadership Trust since 2005 and as patron of Hope and Homes for Children since 2006, and continues his patronage of Help for Heroes, which he assisted in founding while CGS. He lists his leisure interests as cricket, tennis, fishing and shooting.[2] He was appointed president of the Norfolk Churches Trust in November 2011,[110] and Vice President of The Western Front Association in 2013.[111] He is President of YMCA Norfolk[112] and chairman of the Norfolk Strategic Flooding Alliance (NSFA).[113]

He and his wife live in Keswick, South Norfolk.[114]

References

Bibliography

  • Dannatt, General Sir Richard (2016). Boots on the Ground: Britain and her Army since 1945. London: Bantam Press. .
  • Dannatt, General Sir Richard (2016). Leading from the Front. London: Profile Books. .

Citations

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  3. ^ a b Dannatt, pp. 11–28.
  4. ^ a b Dannatt, pp. 27–29.
  5. ^ "No. 45465". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 September 1971. p. 9661.
  6. ^ Dannatt, p. 36.
  7. ^ Dannatt, p. 51.
  8. ^ "No. 46080". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 September 1973. p. 11116.
  9. ^ "No. 45892". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 January 1973. p. 1349.
  10. ^ a b Dannatt, p. 60.
  11. ^ "Sue's Car". Palatinate. No. 281. 5 December 1974. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
  12. ^ Dannatt, pp. 67–68.
  13. ^ Dannatt, pp. 71, 75.
  14. ^ "No. 47300". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 August 1977. p. 10586.
  15. ^ Dannatt, pp. 79–82.
  16. ^ Dannatt, pp. 83–84.
  17. ^ Dannatt, p. 86.
  18. ^ Dannatt, pp. 92–93.
  19. ^ "No. 49142". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 October 1982. p. 13571.
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  21. ^ Dannatt, pp. 106–108.
  22. ^ "No. 50979". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 June 1987. pp. 8354–8356.
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  24. ^ Dannatt, pp. 118–119.
  25. ^ a b Dannatt, pp. 120–122.
  26. ^ "No. 52850". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 March 1992. p. 3791.
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  28. ^ "No. 53537". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1993. p. 20680.
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  30. ^ Dannatt, pp. 136–137.
  31. ^ Dannatt, pp. 148–149.
  32. ^ "No. 54574". The London Gazette. 7 November 1996. p. 14850.
  33. ^ Dannatt, pp. 175–176.
  34. ^ "No. 55378". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 January 1999. p. 587.
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  39. ^ Dannatt, pp. 198–199.
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  42. ^ Dannatt, p. 212.
  43. ^ Dannatt, p. 217.
  44. ^ "No. 56824". The London Gazette (Supplement). 21 January 2003. p. 719.
  45. ^ Dannatt, pp. 223–225.
  46. ^ "No. 57315". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 June 2004. p. 2.
  47. ^ "No. 57577". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 March 2005. p. 2815.
  48. ^ Dannatt, p. 229.
  49. ^ Dannatt, p. 233.
  50. ^ "No. 58081". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 August 2006. p. 11754.
  51. ^ Dannatt, pp. 236–239.
  52. ^ Dannatt, p. 247.
  53. ^ Dannatt, pp. 250–251.
  54. Times Newspapers Ltd
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  55. ^ "Politics and the army: Trouble in the ranks". The Economist. The Economist Newspaper Limited. 19 October 2006. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
  56. Times Newspapers Ltd
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  58. ^ Dannatt, pp. 272–273.
  59. ^ Dannatt, pp. 274–277.
  60. ^ Dannatt, p. 279.
  61. ^ Dannatt, p. 281.
  62. ^ Dannatt, pp. 286–287.
  63. ^ "Army's top General Makes History by Addressing Conference on Homosexuality". Proud to serve. October 2008. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  64. ^ "No. 58929". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 2008. p. 2.
  65. ^ "No. 59177". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 September 2009. p. 15384.
  66. ^ a b Dannatt, p. 318.
  67. ^ Blake, Heidi (17 July 2009). "General Sir Richard Dannatt: profile". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  68. ^ Hughes, David (28 August 2009). "New British Army chief Sir David Richards takes charge". The Independent. Independent Print Ltd. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
  69. ^ "No. 53868". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 December 1994. p. 17053.
  70. ^ "No. 56931". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 May 2003. p. 5865.
  71. ^ "No. 55446". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 April 1999. p. 3837.
  72. ^ "No. 57679". The London Gazette (Supplement). 21 June 2005. p. 8054.
  73. ^ "No. 56289". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 July 2001. p. 9027.
  74. ^ "No. 57887". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 January 2006. p. 1364.
  75. ^ Dannatt, p. 220.
  76. ^ "No. 57252". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 April 2004. p. 4385.
  77. ^ "No. 58008". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 June 2006. p. 8065.
  78. ^ "No. 59120". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 July 2009. p. 11617.
  79. ^ "No. 59204". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 October 2009. p. 17114.
  80. ^ a b "Dannatt to be next Constable of the Tower of London". Defence News. Ministry of Defence. 5 February 2009. Archived from the original on 17 August 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  81. ^ "No. 59144". The London Gazette. 31 July 2009. p. 13209.
  82. ^ "No. 59491". The London Gazette. 19 July 2010. p. 13714.
  83. ^ "No. 60097". The London Gazette. 23 March 2012. p. 5860.
  84. ^ "Richard Dannatt – ARU". aru.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  85. ^ a b c Kirkup, James (14 October 2009). "General Sir Richard Dannatt resigns as RUSI chairman". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  86. ^ Kirkup, James (7 October 2009). "General Sir Richard Dannatt to be Conservative defence adviser". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  87. ^ Dannatt, pp. 384–385.
  88. ^ "Ex-army chief Dannatt reveals he quit Tory adviser role". BBC News. 1 August 2010. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  89. ^ "Sir Richard Dannatt appointed RUSI Chairman". Royal United Services Institute. 16 June 2009. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  90. ^ "Hutton named as new RUSI chairman". Defence Management Journal. 1 July 2010. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  91. ^ "Gen Sir Richard Dannatt autobiography: Fighting at the cutting edge". The Daily Telegraph. 12 September 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  92. ^ "Dannatt: Brown 'refused' to fund SDR". Defence Management Journal. 6 September 2010. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
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  94. Guardian News and Media
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  95. Guardian News and Media
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  96. ^ "No. 26895". The Edinburgh Gazette. 25 January 2011. p. 147.
  97. ^ a b c "MoD lobbying claims: the key figures". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. 14 October 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
  98. ^ a b Sengupta, Kim (15 October 2012). "Hammond: I will ban military chiefs who break lobbying rules". The Independent. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
  99. ^ Prater, Carla (29 July 2016). "Lord Dannatt Leaves Constable of the Tower of London Role". Forces.tv. Archived from the original on 30 July 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  100. ^ "Armed Forces cuts are putting Britain 'AT PERIL' former Army chief warns". Express. 3 October 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  101. ^ "Retiring soldiers should face psychological exams to help them avoid prison, says former army chief". The Telegraph. 17 September 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  102. ^ Dannatt, p. 73.
  103. ^ Dannatt, p. 394.
  104. ^ "No. 58995". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 March 2009. p. 3770.
  105. ^ "No. 58092". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 September 2006. p. 12272.
  106. ^ Dannatt, pp. 79–82.
  107. ^ Wynne-Jones, Jonathan (29 October 2006). "It took three miracles to make me listen to Christ, says Army chief". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  108. ^ "Major General becomes new President of SASRA". SASRA. 1 January 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  109. ^ Dannatt, p. 289.
  110. ^ "New President for Trust". Norfolk Churches Trust. 5 December 2011. Archived from the original on 9 September 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  111. ^ "Lord Dannatt". Western Front Association. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  112. ^ "Our Board". YMCA. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  113. ^ "Norfolk phoneline set up to report flooding". BBC News. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  114. ^ Hearts and minds – People – EDP Norfolk Magazine Archived 6 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 5 November 2016.

External links

Military offices
Preceded by GOC 3rd (UK) Mechanised Division
1999–2000
Succeeded by
Preceded by Assistant Chief of the General Staff
2001–2002
Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander Allied Rapid Reaction Corps
2003–2005
Preceded by C-in-C, Land Command
2005–2006
Succeeded by
Preceded by Chief of the General Staff
2006–2009
Succeeded by
Sir David Richards
Honorary titles
Preceded by Constable of the Tower of London
2009–2016
Succeeded by
Other offices
Preceded by President of the Soldiers' and Airmen's Scripture Readers Association
1999–2019
Succeeded by
Preceded by
Sir Paul Lever
Chairman of the Royal United Services Institute
2009
Succeeded by
Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom
Preceded by Gentlemen
The Lord Dannatt
Followed by