Right-wing dictatorship

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A right-wing dictatorship, sometimes also referred to as a rightist dictatorship or right-wing authoritarianism, is an

Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek, South Korea when it was led by Syngman Rhee, Park Chung Hee and Chun Doo-hwan; and a number of military dictatorships in Latin America during the Cold War,[1] or those that agitate anti-Western sentiments, such as Russia under Vladimir Putin
.

Characteristics of a right-wing dictatorship

Military dictatorship

Main article: Military dictatorship

In the most common Western view, the perfect example of a right-wing dictatorship is any of those that once ruled in

People's Republic of Poland, 1981–1983) or the North Korean regime's evolution throughout the rule of Kim Il Sung
.

Religion and the government

Main article: Clerical fascism

Many right-wing regimes kept strong ties with local clerical establishments. This policy of a strong Church-state alliance is often referred to as

Khamenei (1989–present). Some right-wing dictatorships, like Nazi Germany, were even openly hostile to certain religions.[2]

Right-wing dictatorships by region

The authoritarian politics of several countries can range from parties and movements on the center-right to the far-right, including some that are difficult to define. The degree of authoritarianism can also vary.

Cases supported by varius sources and definitions will be presented below:

Europe

Main article: Fascism in Europe
See also: European interwar dictatorships

The existence of right-wing dictatorships in Europe are largely associated with the rise of fascism. The conditions created by World War I and its aftermath gave way both to revolutionary socialism and reactionary politics. Fascism arose as part of the reaction to the socialist movement, in attempt to recreate a perceived status quo ante bellum.[3] Right-wing dictatorships in Europe were mostly destroyed with the Allied victory in World War II, although some continued to exist in Southern Europe until the 1970s.

List of European right-wing dictatorships
Country Historical name(s) Movement(s) Years of rule Dictator(s)
 Albania
  • 1943–1944
    		•
     Austria Fatherland Front
     Bulgaria BulgariaKingdom of Bulgaria
    • 1943
     Croatia Independent State of CroatiaIndependent State of Croatia[13] Ustaše[14]
    1945
    		 Ante Pavelić[15]
     Czech Republic Protectorate of Bohemia and MoraviaProtectorate of Bohemia and Moravia[16] National Partnership[17]
    1939–1945
     France FranceFrench State[18] Collaborationist government 1940–1944 Philippe Pétain[19][20]
     Germany [need quotation to verify][21] [22][23]
    		[24][25]
     Greece
    • Regime of the Colonels[29]
    • 1925–1926
    • 1936–
      1967–1974
     Hungary
     Italy
     Latvia LatviaRepublic of Latvia[citation needed] Latvian Farmers' Union[citation needed] (disbanded after coup) 1934–1940 Kārlis Ulmanis[47]
     Lithuania LithuaniaRepublic of Lithuania[48] Lithuanian Nationalist Union[49] 1926–1940 Antanas Smetona[50][51]
     Netherlands Nazi GermanyReichskommissariat Niederlande[52] National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands[53]
    1940–1945
    		 Anton Mussert[54]
     Norway NorwayNational Government[55] Nasjonal Samling[56][57] 1940–1945 Vidkun Quisling[58]
    Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire
    Poland Poland Nazi GermanyGeneral Government[59] Nazi Party 1939–1945 Hans Frank
     Portugal
     Romania
    • 1944
     Russia
    –present
     Serbia Nazi GermanyTerritory of the Military Commander in Serbia[74] Collaborationist government 1941–1945 Milan Nedić[75]
     Slovakia Slovak Republic (1939–1945)Slovak State[76] Slovak People's Party[77]
    1939–1945
    		 Jozef Tiso[78]
     Spain
     Ukraine
    Kingdom of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Kingdom of YugoslaviaKingdom of Yugoslavia[87]

    Asia

    Main article: Fascism in Asia

    Right-wing dictatorships in Asia emerged during the early 1930s,

    anti-communist role in the Cold War, with many being backed by the United States
    .

    List of Asian right-wing dictatorships
    Country Historical name(s) Movement(s) Years of rule Dictator(s)
     Afghanistan Afghanistan Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan[92] Taliban
     Azerbaijan AzerbaijanRepublic of Azerbaijan New Azerbaijan Party 1993–present Heydar Aliyev, Ilham Aliyev[citation needed]
     Bangladesh
    People's Republic of Bangladesh
     Cambodia
     Cyprus
    Republic of Cyprus
    		 EOKA B[101] 1974 Nikos Sampson[102]
     Indonesia Republic of Indonesia New Order under Golkar[103][104] 1966–1998 Suharto[105][106][107]
     Iran [108]
    • 1925–1941
    • 1941–1979
    • 1979–present
     South Korea
    • 1987
    China Manchuria, China  Manchukuo Concordia Association[119][120] 1932–1945 Puyi with Zheng Xiaoxu and Zhang Jinghui
     Myanmar
    • Republic of the Union of Myanmar
    –present
     Pakistan  Islamic Republic of Pakistan
     Philippines
     China (1928–1949)
     Taiwan (1945–1987)
    		Right-wing Kuomintang[134]
     Saudi Arabia
    Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    		 House of Saud 2017–present Mohammed bin Salman[136]
    Islamic State Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant[137] Islamic State 2014–2019 Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
     Syria Syria Syrian Republic[138] [citation needed] Military with the Arab Liberation Movement 1951–1954 Adib Shishakli
     Thailand Thailand Kingdom of Thailand[139]
     Turkey
    • 2016
      –present
     Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Turkmenistan[149] Democratic Party of Turkmenistan 1991–present
     Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Republic of Uzbekistan[150] Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party 1991–present
    Vietnam Southern Vietnam South Vietnam Republic of Vietnam[151]
    • 1956–1963
    • 1967–1975
    • 1975
    • 1975

    North, Central, and South America

    Right-wing dictatorships largely emerged in Central America and the Caribbean during the early 20th century. Sometimes they arose in order to provide concessions to American corporations such as the

    anti-communist
    ideology, and often rose to power through US-backed coups.

    List of North and South American right-wing dictatorships
    Country Historical name(s) Movement(s) Years of rule Dictator(s)
     Argentina [153]
    • Military
    • 1943–1946
    • 1955–1958
    • 1976–1983
     Bolivia
    Plurinational State of Bolivia[154]
    • 1951–1952
    • 1966–1969
    • 1971–1978
    • 1980–1981
     Brazil
    • Federative Republic of Brazil
    [155]
    • 1964
    • 1964–1979
    • 1979–1985
     Chile Chile Military Junta of Chile[156] Military 1973–1990 Augusto Pinochet
     Colombia Colombia Republic of Colombia[157] Military 1957–1958 Gabriel París Gordillo
     Costa Rica
    Republic of Costa Rica[158][159]
    		 Military with the Peliquista Party[160] 1917–1919 Federico Tinoco Granados
     Cuba  Republic of Cuba
    		[161]
     Dominican Republic
    Third Dominican Republic
    		 Dominican Party[162][163] 1930–1962 Rafael Trujillo[164]
     Ecuador Ecuador Republic of Ecuador[165] Military 1972–1979
     Mexico [166] Military with the Conservative Party
    • 1839–1839
    • 1845–1846
    • 1853–1855
     El Salvador El Salvador Republic of El Salvador[167]
    		– present
     Guatemala  Republic of Guatemala
     Haiti [181][182][183][184]
     Honduras  Republic of Honduras Military with the National Party
     Nicaragua Nicaragua Republic of Nicaragua[187] Nationalist Liberal Party
    • 1936–1956
    • 1956–1967
    • 1967–1979
     Panama Panama Republic of Panama[188]
    • 1949–1951
    • 1983–1989
     Paraguay Paraguay Republic of Paraguay[189]
    • 1940–1948
    • 1954–1989
     Peru [189]
    • 1975–1980
    • 1990–2000
    United States Southern United States Confederate States of America Confederate States of America[149][191][192][193] 1861–1865 Jefferson Davis
     Uruguay Uruguay Oriental Republic of Uruguay[194]
    • 1973–1976
    • 1976–1981
    • 1981–1985
    • 1985
     Venezuela [195]
    Military
    		 1948–1958

    Africa

    Right-wing dictatorships in Africa most commonly consist of military juntas and military dictatorships but also have included regimes that promote

    White Supremacy in Southern Africa
    from the 1940s–1990s.

    List of African right-wing dictatorships
    Country Historical name(s) Movement(s) Years of rule Dictator(s)
     Angola Portuguese Angola Province of Angola[196] National Union 1933–1974
     Burundi Burundi Republic of Burundi[197] National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy 2005–present
     Cameroon Cameroon Republic of Cameroon[198] Cameroon People's Democratic Movement 1982–present Paul Biya
     Cape Verde Portuguese Cape Verde Overseas Province of Cape Verde[199] National Union 1933–1974
    Central African Republic Central African Republic Central African Republic Central African Empire[200] Military 1976–1979 Jean-Bédel Bokassa
     Chad Chad Republic of Chad[201]
    • 1982–1990
    • 2022–present
     Democratic Republic of the Congo Zaire Republic of Zaire[202] Military with the Popular Movement of the Revolution 1965–1997 Mobutu Sese Seko
     Egypt Egypt Arab Republic of Egypt[203] Nation's Future Party 2014–present Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
    Kingdom of Italy Italian East Africa[204] National Fascist Party 1936–1941
     Equatorial Guinea [205]
    • 1936–1968
    • 1979–present
     Gabon Gabon Gabonese Republic[206] Gabonese Democratic Party 1961–2023
     Gambia
    Republic of the Gambia[207]
    		 Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction 1996–2017 Yahya Jammeh
     Guinea Guinea Republic of Guinea[208] Military with the Unity and Progress Party 1984–2008 Lansana Conté
     Guinea-Bissau
    Overseas Province of Guinea[209]
    		 National Union 1933–1974
     Liberia Liberia Republic of Liberia[210]
    • 1986–1990
    • 1997–2003
     Libya Kingdom of Italy Libya[211] National Fascist Party 1934–1943
     Malawi Malawi Republic of Malawi[212] Malawi Congress Party 1966–1994 Hastings Banda
    MoroccoSidi Ifni of Morocco Spain Ifni[213] Military with the FET y de las JONS 1936–1968 Francisco Franco
     Mozambique Portuguese Mozambique Province of Mozambique[214] National Union 1933–1974
     Namibia South West Africa Territory of South West Africa[215] National Party 1985–1990 Louis Pienaar
     Nigeria [216]
    Military
    • 1966–1979
    • 1983–1993
    • 1993–1999
     Rwanda [217]
    • 1961–1994
    • 1994–present
     South Africa South Africa Union of South Africa[218][219] National Party 1948–1994
     Uganda [220]
    • 1971–1979
    • 1986–present
     São Tomé and Príncipe Portugal Overseas Province of São Tomé and Príncipe[221] National Union 1933–1974
     Sudan Sudan Republic of the Sudan[222]
    • 1989–2019
    • 2021–present
     Togo
    Togolese Republic[223]
    • 1967–2005
    • 2005–present
     Tunisia Tunisia Republic of Tunisia[224] 25th of July Movement 2021–Present Kais Saied
     Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Spanish Sahara Province of the Sahara[225] Military with the FET y de las JONS 1936–1968 Francisco Franco
     Zimbabwe Rhodesia Republic of Rhodesia[226] Rhodesian Front 1968–1979 Ian Smith

    See also


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