List of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes
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This is a list of ancient
From the second or first millennium BCE,
Ancestors
- Nuristani and Indo-Aryan peoples) (Proto-Indo-Iranianspeakers)
- Proto-Indo-Aryans (Proto-Indo-Aryanspeakers)
Vedic tribes
- Alina people (RV 7.18.7)
- Anu (RV 1.108.8, RV 8.10.5)
- Āyu
- Ambaśṭha
- Bhageratha
- Bhalanas
- Etymology of India).
- Chedi
- Dasa
- Dasyu
- Dṛbhīka
- Druhyus (Rigveda, RV 1.108.8, RV 8.10.5)
- Gandhara
- Guṅgu
- Ikshvaku dynasty
- Krivi
- Kīkaṭa
- Kuru
- Mahīna
- Malankhara
- Maujavant
- Matsya
- Nahuṣa
- Paktha
- Panis
- Pārāvata
- Parsu (Parśu)
- Puru (Pūru)
- Ruśama (RV Mandala 8)
- Sārasvata
- Srñjaya
- Tritsu(RV 7.18, 7.33, 7.83)
- Turvasha tribe, and were frequently described together.[8][9] The Yadus were a Aryan tribe.[7] By the time of the arrival of the Puru and Bharata tribes, the Yadu-Turvashas were settled in Punjab, with the Yadus possibly residing along the Yamuna River.[10]In Mandalas 4 and 5 of the Rigveda, the god Indra is stated to have saved the Yadu-Turvashas from drowning when they crossed rivers.[11][12] In Mandala 6, the Yadu-Turvashas are stated to have been "brought from far away" by Indra.[13][14] The Yadu-Turvashas are treated relatively positively in Mandalas 5, 6, and 8,[15] and are stated to be the occasional allies and enemies of the Puru-Bharatas.[11] In the Battle of the Ten Kings, the Yadus were defeated by Bharata chieftain Sudas.[16]
Pancha Jana (Five tribes)
(पञ्च जना –
- Anu (in the southwest part of early Āryāvarta)
- Druhyu (in the north part of early Āryāvarta)
- Sarasvatiriver region)
- Panchalas. [22] Alfred Ludvig first conjectured that Turvīti and Vayya could have been connected with the Turvasha tribe, a notion that is still considered only speculation according to Witzel.[25][26] In Mandalas 4 and 5 of the Rigveda, the god Indra is stated to have saved the Yadu-Turvashas from drowning when they crossed rivers.[11][12] In Mandala 6, the Yadu-Turvashas are stated to have been "brought from far away" by Indra.[13][14] The Yadu-Turvashas are treated relatively positively in Mandalas 5, 6, and 8,[15] and are stated to be the occasional allies and enemies of the Puru-Bharatas.[11]
- Yadu (in the southeast and south parts of early Āryāvarta)
Janapadas
Early Janapadas (peoples / tribes) (c. 1700–1100 BCE)
After roughly 1700 BCE
- Aja – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Ambaśṭha – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Aṅga – Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta (Madhya-desha and Prachya Āryāvarta – Central and Eastern Āryāvarta in Vamana).
- Anu – is a vrddhi derivation of Anu, is the name of a ruler in the Rigvedic account of the Battle of the Ten Kings (7.18.13) and at 8.4.1 with the Turvaśa (tribe). The meaning ánu "living, human" (Naighantu) cannot be substantiated for the Rigveda [28] and may have been derived from the tribal name. (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Āyu[29] –
- Bhajeratha[30]
- )
- Bharadvāja – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Bhrigus[32]
- Bheda – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Bodha – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Druhyu – The Druhyu were a people of Vedic India. They are mentioned in the Rigveda,Gandhāra. The sons of the later Druhyu king Pracetas too settle in the "northern" (udīcya) region (Bhagavata 9.23.15–16; Visnu 4.17.5; Vayu 99.11–12; Brahmanda 3.74.11–12 and Matsya 48.9.). The word Druid (Gallic Celtic druides), is partially derived from Proto-Indo-European vid "to see, to know' [35][36] It has also been alleged that the Rg Veda and the Puranas describe this tribe as migrating North.[37] However, there is nothing of this in the Rigveda and the Puranas merely mention that the Druhyu are "adjacent (āśrita) to the North". (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Gandharis[38] (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Kārūṣa (Karusha) – later Cedi (Chedi) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Keśin (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Kīkaṭa[41] (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Kosala (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Krivi[42] (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Kunti (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Madra (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Uttara Madra (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Magadha (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Mahāvṛṣa (Mahavrisha) (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Mahīna[43]
- Malankhara[44]
- Matsya[45] (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Mūjavana / Maujavant[46] (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Nahuṣa[44]
- Panchala) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Pārāvata (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Pṛthu (Prithu) (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Pūru (Puru) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Ruśama (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Śālva (Shalva) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Sarasvati river (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Satvanta (Dakshina Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta)
- Śigru (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Śiva ()
- Srñjaya (Srinjaya) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Śvikna (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Turvaśa (Turvasa)
- Uśīnara (Ushinara) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Vaikarṇa (Vaikarna) (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Vaṅga (Vanga) (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Varaśikha (Varashikha) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Vaśa (Vasha) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Vidarbha (Vidarbha, Dakshina Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta)
- Videha (Mithila, Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Viśaṇin (Vishanin) (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Vṛcivanta (Vrichivanta) (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Yadu (Dakshina Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta)
- Yakṣu (Yakshu) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
Late Janapadas (peoples / tribes) (c. 1100–500 BCE)
From roughly 1100 to 500 BCE
- Abhīṣaha (Abhishaha) / Apanga (Vayu) / Aupadha (Markandeya) / Alasa (Vamana) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Āhuka / Kuhaka (Markandeya) / Kuhuka (Vamana) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Alimadra / Anibhadra (Markandeya) / Alibhadra (Vamana) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Aṅga – (Madhya-desha and Prachya Āryāvarta – Central and Eastern Āryāvarta in Vamana)
- Āntaranarmada / Uttaranarmada (Markandeya), Sunarmada (Vamana) – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Antargiri – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Anūpa / Arūpa (Matsya), Annaja (Vayu) – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta)
- Aparānta / Purandhra (Matsya), Aparīta (Vayu) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Arthapa / Atharva (Markandeya) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Aśvakūṭa – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Audumbara / Audambara / Audumvara – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Auṇḍra – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta)
- Bahirgiri – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Bhadra – (Prachya and Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Eastern and Central Āryāvarta)
- Bhadrakāra – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Bharadvāja – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Bhārgava – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Bhogavardhana / Bhokardan (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta)
- Bhūṣika (Bhushika) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Bodha / Bāhya (Matsya) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Carmakhaṇḍika (Charmakhandika) / Attakhaṇḍika (Matsya), Sakheṭaka (Vamana) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Darada – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Darva – (Himalayan and Northern in Vayu and Markandeya, Parvata-shrayin and Udichya Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta)
- Daśeraka (Dasheraka) / Karseruka (Vayu), Kuśeruka (Markandeya) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Daśamālika (Dashamalika) / Daśanāmaka (Matsya), Daśamānika (Vayu), Daṅśana (Vamana) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Daśarṇa (Dasharna) (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Ganaka – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- )
- Gonarda / Govinda (Vayu), Gomanta (Markandeya), Mananda (Vamana) – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- )
- Hāramuṣika (Haramushika) / Hāramūrtika (Matsya), Hārapūrika (Vayu), Sāmuṣaka (Vamana) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta)
- Ijika (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Jaguda / Jāṇgala (Matsya), Juhuḍa (Vayu), Jāguḍa (Markandeya) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Jāṇgala – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Kālatoyaka – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Kaliṅga (central) / Arkalinga (Markandeya) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Kaliṅga (southern) – (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta)
According to political scientist Sudama Misra, the Kalinga janapada originally comprised the area covered by the Puri and Ganjam districts.reference-Sudama Misra (1973). Janapada state in ancient India. Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana. p. 78.
- Brahmanda) – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Kantakara / Kanṭakāra (Matsya), Raddhakaṭaka (Vayu), Bahubhadra (Markandeya), Kādhara (Vamana) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Kārūṣa (Karusha), later Cedi (Chedi) – Southern and Vindhyan Āryāvarta (Matsya) (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta; Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta)
- Kāśi (Kashi) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Kasmira (Kashmira / Kāmīra) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- River Chenab Valley (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Kauśika – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Kekeya / Kaikeyya (Matsya), Kaikeya (Markandeya), Kaikeya (Vamana) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta)
- Kisaṇṇa – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Koṅkaṇa – (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta)
- Kośala (Central) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Kośala (Vindhyan) – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta)
- Kukkuṭa – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- )
- Brahmanda) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Kuśalya (Kushalya) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Kuśūdra (Kushudra) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta)
- Lalhitta – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- River Chenab Valley (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Mādreya – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- )
- Maharashtra (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta)
- Māheya – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Mālada / Mālava (Matsya), Manada (Markandeya), Mansāda (Vamana) – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Malaka – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Malavartika – Mallavarṇaka (Matsya), Mālavartin (Vayu), Mānavartika (Markandeya), Baladantika (Vamana) – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda), Ekalavya (Vamana) (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) (not the be confused with the Eastern Malla)
- Ancient India – Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Maṇḍala / Mālava (Vayu), Mālava (Markandeya) – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta)
- Māṇḍavya – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Māṣa (Masha) – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta)
- Mātaṅga – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Matsya / Yatstha (Vamana) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Mekala / Rokala (Vayu), Kevala (Markandeya) – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta)
- Mūka – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Nirāhāra / Nigarhara (Vayu), Nihāra (Markandeya) – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta)
- Pāṇavīya – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Panchala) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Pārada / Parita (Vayu), Pāravata (Vamana) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Paṭaccara (Patachchara) / Śatapatheśvara (Vayu) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Paurava (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Pluṣṭa (Plushta) – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta)
- Prāgjyotiṣa (Pragjyotisha) – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Śālva (Shalva) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Saraja – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta)
- Sārasvata – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Sauśalya (Saushalya) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Sauvīra – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Śaśikhādrika (Shashikhadraka) – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta)
- Śatadruja (Shatadruja) / Śatadrava (Vamana) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Ṣaṭpura / Padgama (Matsya), Ṣaṭsura (Vayu), Paṭava (Markandeya), Bahela (Vamana) – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta)
- Sindhu / Saindhava – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- )
- Sujaraka – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Śulakara (Shulakara) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- )
- Brahmanda) – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Śūrasena (Shurasena) / Braj – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- )
- Brahmanda) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta)
- Tāmas – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Tāmralipataka – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Taṅgaṇa / Apatha (Matsya), Gurguṇa (Markandeya) – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta)
- Taṅgaṇa / Tuṅgana (Markandeya) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Tilaṇga – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Traipura – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta)
- Trigarta – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta)
- Sutlej river basin (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Tūrṇapāda – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda – Vindhyan Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Vaidiśa (Vaidisha) / Vaidika (Vayu), Kholliśa (Vamana) – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta)
- Vaṅga – Central and Eastern in Vamana – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Brahmanda) – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta)
- Vāṭadhāna – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Vatsa / Vamsa – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Vātsīya – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Vemaka – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Videha – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) (Mithila / Tirabhukti)
- Vṛka (Vrika) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
- Yadu
- Haihayas/ Heheya (Talajangha)
- Avanti – Clan of the Haihayas (Central and Vindhyan Āryāvarta in Matsya)
- Bhoja / Gopta (Vamana) (Gupta) – Clan of the Haihayas (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta in Vamana)
- Haihayas.
- Ānarta / Āvantya in Markandeya, Vamana – Subclan of the Sharyatas (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
- Haihayas. (Vindhyan Āryāvarta)
- Haihayas (Vindhyan Āryāvarta)
- Cedi (Chedi) / Chaidyas
- Shashabindu / Shashabindava –
- Vaidarbha / Vidarbha (Mahabharata) – Vidarbha (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta)
- Yadu
- Ābhīra – (Udichya and Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Northern and Southern Āryāvarta)
- Northern Ābhīra (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta)
- Southern Ābhīra (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta)
- Kukura –
- Satvata –
- Vrishni –
- Yaudheya – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
Mahajanapadas (c. 500 BCE)
महाजनपद – Mahajanapada
Shodasa Mahajanapadas (Sixteen Mahajanapadas)
The Mahajanapadas were sixteen great kingdoms and republics that emerged after the more powerful political entities (initially based on the territories of peoples and tribes) had conquered many others.
According to the
- Anga
- Asmaka)
- Avanti
- Chetiya (Chedi / Cedi)
- Gandhara
- Nuristani)
- Kashi / Kasi
- Kosala
- Kuru
- Maccha (Matsya)
- Magadha
- Malla
- Panchala (Pañcāla)
- Surasena
- Vajji (Vṛji))
- Licchavis(tribe)
- Vamsha (Vatsa)
According to the
- Accha
- Anga
- Avaha
- Bajji (Vajji / Vriji)
- Licchavis(tribe)
- Banga / Vanga
- Kasi / Kashi
- Kochcha
- Kosala
- Ladha / Lata
- Magadha
- Malavaka
- Southern India) (probably Dravidian and Non-Indo-Aryan)
- Moli / Malla
- Padha
- Sambhuttara
- Vaccha (Vatsa)
Mentions by Ancient Greek authors (Classical Age)
Northwest
- Gandhari?)
- Brahmanda), Ekalavya (Vamana) (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) (not the be confused with the Eastern Malla)
- )
- Sattagydans – people that dwelt in Sattagydia (Old Persian Thataguš; th = θ, from θata – "hundred" and guš – "cows", country of the People of "Hundred Cows"), may have been an Indo-Aryan people of Sindh with Iranian influence or the opposite, an Iranian people of Sindh with Indo-Aryan influence.
- Śiva or Shiva)
Other regions of
- Pragjyotisha-Kamarupa?)
Possible Indo-Aryan or other peoples / tribes / clans
- Alina (RV 7.18.7) (RV = Battle of Ten Kings) occurred millennia before Hellenes were recorded in India.
- Parsu (Parśu) – The Parsus have been connected with the Persians based on the evidence of an Assyrian inscription from 844 BC referring to the Persians as Parshu, and the Behistun Inscription of Darius I of Persia referring to Parsa as the home of the Persians. Pârsâ, is the Old Persian name for the Persis region Pars province as well as the root for the term Persian.
- Scythian (Saka) origin (part of the Iranian peoples) and assimilated into Indo-Aryan peoples.[51][52]
Hypothetical Indo-Aryans
- Indo-Aryan migration(towards West in this case).
See also
- Ramayana
- Āryāvarta
- Mahabharata
- Vedic period
- Bharatavarsha
- Chakravartin
- Bharata Khanda
- Iron Age India
- Avestan geography
- History of Hinduism
- Indo-Aryan migration
- Indus Valley civilization
- Mahajanapada
- Monarchy in ancient India
- Historicity of the Mahabharata
References
- ^ Anthony, David W. (2007), The Horse The Wheel And Language. How Bronze-Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World, Princeton University Press
- ^ ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5.
- ^ Parpola, Asko (2015), The Roots of Hinduism. The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization, Oxford University Press
- ISBN 978-0-691-05887-0
- ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
- ISBN 9780199370184.
- ^ CiteSeerX 10.1.1.411.6137.
- ^ Witzel, Michael (2001). "Autochthonous Aryans?: The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts" (PDF). Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 7: 7.
- ^ Erdosy, George; Witzel, Michael (1995). Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity. The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Rgvedic history: poets, chieftains and politics. De Gruyter. p. 204.
- ^ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 262.
- ^ a b c d Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 235.
- ^ a b Jamison & Brereton 2014, p. 605, 695.
- ^ a b Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 222, 262.
- ^ a b Jamison & Brereton 2014, p. 829.
- ^ a b Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 237.
- ^ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 239.
- ^ Jamison & Brereton 2014, p. 54.
- ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
- ^ Witzel, Michael (2001). "Autochthonous Aryans?: The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts" (PDF). Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 7: 7.
- ^ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 204
- CiteSeerX 10.1.1.411.6137.
- ^ a b Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 236.
- ^ "Early Indian history: Linguistic and textual parametres." in The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia, edited by G. Erdosy (1995), p. 136
- ISBN 978-90-429-1843-6. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
- ISBN 81-208-1332-4.
- ^ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 234
- ^ a b Talageri, S. G. (2005). The Rigveda as a source of Indo-European history. The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History, 332.
- ^ Mayrhofer, Etym. Dict. 1986, pt. 1, p. 74
- ^ Bloomfield, M. (1899). The Myth of Purūravas, Urvaçī, and Âyu. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 20, 180–183.
- ^ Zimmer, S. (1986). On a special meaning of jána- in the Rgveda. Indo-Iranian Journal, 29(2), 109–115.
- ^ A. B. Keith(1912). Vedic Index of Names and Subjects.
- ^ Weller, H. (1937). WHO WERE THE BHRIGUIDS?. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 18(3), 296–302.
- ^ e.g. RV 1.108.8; 7.18; 8.10.5; 6.46.8
- ^ Hopkins, E. W. (1893). Problematic passages in the Rig-Veda. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 15, 252–283.
- ^ F. Le Roux & C.-J.Guyonvarc'h, Les Druides, Paris 1982: 37
- ^ "druid | Etymology, origin and meaning of druid by etymonline". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
- ^ Sanskrit in English
- ^ Warraich, M. T. A. GANDHARA: AN APPRAISAL OF ITS MEANINGS AND HISTORY.
- ^ Grassmann, H. (Ed.). (1876). Rig-veda (Vol. 1). FA Brockhaus.
- ^ PINCOTT, F. ART. XIX.—The First Mandala of the Rig-Veda. By. Journal of the Boy. Asiat. Son, 16(Part II).
- ^ Rig-Veda-Sanhitá: A collection of ancient Hindu hymns... Vol. 3. 1857.
- ^ Pike, A. (1992). Indo-Aryan Deities and Worship as Contained in the Rig-Veda. Kessinger Pub.
- ^ Perry, E. D. (1885). Indra in the Rig-Veda. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 11, 117–208.
- ^ a b Griffith, R. T. (2009). The Rig-Veda. The Rig Veda.
- ^ Muller, F. M. (1869). Rig-veda-sanhita (Vol. 1).
- ^ Witzel, M. (1999). Aryan and Non-Aryan names in Vedic India. Data for the linguistic situation, c. 1900–500 BC. Aryan and Non-Aryan in South Asia, Evidence, Interpretation and Ideology. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University (Harvard Oriental Series: Opera Minora III).
- ^ a b Frawley, D. (2001). The Rig Veda and the History of India: Rig Veda Bharata Itihasa. Aditya Prakashan.
- ^ a b Ian Worthington 2014, p. 219.
- ^ a b Peter Green 2013, p. 418.
- ^ The Rigveda: A Historical Analysis, Aditya Prakashan, New Delhi 2000
- ^ Jayarava Attwood, Possible Iranian Origins for the Śākyas and Aspects of Buddhism. Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies 2012 (3): 47–69
- ^ Christopher I. Beckwith, "Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia", 2016, pp 1–21
Further reading
- Anthony, David W. (2007). The Horse The Wheel And Language. How Bronze-Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World. Princeton University Press ISBN 978-0-691-14818-2
- Frawley David: The Rig Veda and the History of India, 2001. (Aditya Prakashan), ISBN 81-7742-039-9
- Mallory, J.P.; Douglas Q. Adams (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5
- Misra, Sudama (1973). Janapada state in ancient India. Vārāṇasī: Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana.
- Pargiter, F.E. [1922] 1979. Ancient Indian Historical Tradition. New Delhi: Cosmo.
- Parpola, Asko (2015), The Roots of Hinduism. The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization, Oxford University Press
- Talageri, Shrikant: The Rigveda: A Historical Analysis 2000, ISBN 81-7742-010-0[6]; --Aryan Invasion Theory and Indian Nationalism. 1993.