Rihla
Riḥla (
Rifa'a al-Tahtawi[4]
both follow conventions of the riḥla genre by recording not only the journey to France from Morocco and Egypt, respectively, but also their experiences and observations.
As travel
The Rihla travel practice originated in Middle Ages Morocco and served to connect Muslims of Morocco to the collective consciousness of the ummah across the Islamic world, thereby generating a larger sense of community. Rihla consists of three types:[5]
- Rihla - journey within Morocco, typically to meet with other pilgrims before traveling beyond the local area.
- Rihla hijaziyya - journey to the Hejaz which would be transmitted via an oral or written report.
- Rihla sifariyya - journey to foreign lands including to embassies and missions in territories in Dar al-Harb. Events on these journeys would be the basis of the extant travel literature.
The performance of Rihla was considered in
Mongol invasions and a new opportunity for Islamic expansion.[7]
As literature
The travel narratives of
Ibn Fadlan with the Abbasid mission to the Volga) long predate Ibn Jubayr's travelogue.[9]
The best known rihla narrative is
Marinid Sultan Abu Inan Faris who was impressed by the story of Ibn Battuta.[10] Although Ibn Battuta was an accomplished and well-documented explorer, his travels had been unknown outside the Islamic world for many years.[11]
The Rihla of Abdallah al-Tijani describes his 970-day round trip from Tunis to Tripoli between 1306 and 1309.[12]
See also
- Journey to Mecca (2009 film)
References
- ^ a b Netton, I.R., “Riḥla”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 12 July 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6298
- ^ Dunn, Ross E. (2005). The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the 14th Century. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 4.
- ^ as-Saffar, Muhammad (1992). Miller, Susan Gilson (ed.). Disorienting Encounters: Travels of a Moroccan Scholar in France in 1845-1846. The Voyage of Muhammad As-Saffar. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- ^ al-Tahtawi, Rifa'a Rafi' (2012). An Imam in Paris: Account of a Stay in France by an Egyptian Cleric (1826-1831). Translated by Newman, Daniel L. Saqi Books.
- ISBN 9780520072527.
- Islamization of Spain,” Dissertations Available from ProQuest(January 1, 1982): 1–388
- JSTOR 221221.
- ^ Grammatico, Daniel and Werner, Louis. 2015. The Travel Writer Ibn Jubayr. Aramco World. Volume 66, No. 1, January–February 2015. Page 40.
- ^ Abu Zayd al-Sirafi, Two Arabic Travel Books: Accounts of China and India, and Ahmad ibn Fadhlan, Mission to the Volga. Translated by Mackintosh-Smith, Tim; Montgomery, James. New York, London: New York University Press. 2014.
- ISBN 0-520-24385-4.
- JSTOR 219908.
- S2CID 164780725.
Further reading
- Euben, Roxanne L. (21 July 2008). Journeys to the Other Shore: Muslim and Western Travelers in Search of Knowledge. ISBN 9780691138404.