Ring (diacritic)
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◌̊ ◌̥ | |
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Ring |
A ring diacritic may appear above or below letters. It may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in various contexts.
Rings
Distinct letter
The character
Overring
The character Ů (ů) a Latin
The ring is used in some dialects of Emilian and Romagnol to distinguish the sound /ʌ/ (å) from /a/ (a).
ů was used in Old Lithuanian in Lithuania Minor from the 16th till the beginning of the 20th century and for a shorter time in 16th-century Lithuania Major for diphthong [uo].
The ring was used in the Lithuanian
ẘ and ẙ are used in the ISO 233 romanization of the Arabic alphabet. A fatḥah followed by the letter ⟨ﻭ⟩ (wāw) with a sukūn (ـَوْ) is romanized as aẘ. A fatḥah followed by the letter ⟨ﻱ⟩ (yā’) with a sukūn over it (ـَيْ) is romanized as aẙ.
Ring upon e (e̊) is used by certain
Many more characters can be created in Unicode using the combining character U+030A ◌̊ COMBINING RING ABOVE, including the above-mentioned у̊ (Cyrillic у with overring) or ń̊ (n with acute and overring).
The standalone (spacing) symbol is U+02DA ˚ RING ABOVE. The unrelated, but nearly identical degree symbol is U+00B0 ° DEGREE SIGN.
Although similar in appearance, it is not to be confused with the Japanese
In
Unicode has:
- U+030A ◌̊ COMBINING RING ABOVE
- U+00C5 Å LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE
- U+00E5 å LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE
- U+016E Ů LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE
- U+016F ů LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE
- U+1E98 ẘ LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH RING ABOVE
- U+1E99 ẙ LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH RING ABOVE
- U+212B Å ANGSTROM SIGN
- U+1402 ᐂ CANADIAN SYLLABICS AAI
- U+1430 ᐰ CANADIAN SYLLABICS PAAI
- U+144D ᑍ CANADIAN SYLLABICS TAAI
- U+146C ᑬ CANADIAN SYLLABICS KAAI
- U+148A ᒊ CANADIAN SYLLABICS CAAI
- U+14A4 ᒤ CANADIAN SYLLABICS MAAI
- U+14C1 ᓁ CANADIAN SYLLABICS NAAI
- U+14D4 ᓔ CANADIAN SYLLABICS LAAI
- U+14EE ᓮ CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAAI
- U+1527 ᔧ CANADIAN SYLLABICS YAAI
- U+1545 ᕅ CANADIAN SYLLABICS RAAI
- U+1554 ᕔ CANADIAN SYLLABICS FAAI
- U+157E ᕾ CANADIAN SYLLABICS QAAI
- U+158E ᖎ CANADIAN SYLLABICS NGAAI
- U+18B0 ᢰ CANADIAN SYLLABICS OY
- U+18B1 ᢱ CANADIAN SYLLABICS AY
- U+18B2 ᢲ CANADIAN SYLLABICS AAY
- U+18B3 ᢳ CANADIAN SYLLABICS WAY
- U+18B4 ᢴ CANADIAN SYLLABICS POY
- U+18B5 ᢵ CANADIAN SYLLABICS PAY
- U+18B6 ᢶ CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWOY
- U+18B7 ᢷ CANADIAN SYLLABICS TAY
- U+18B8 ᢸ CANADIAN SYLLABICS KAY
- U+18B9 ᢹ CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWAY
- U+18BA ᢺ CANADIAN SYLLABICS MAY
- U+18BB ᢻ CANADIAN SYLLABICS NOY
- U+18BC ᢼ CANADIAN SYLLABICS NAY
- U+18BD ᢽ CANADIAN SYLLABICS LAY
- U+18BE ᢾ CANADIAN SYLLABICS SOY
- U+18BF ᢿ CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAY
- U+18C0 ᣀ CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHOY
- U+18C1 ᣁ CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHAY
- U+18C2 ᣂ CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHWOY
- U+18C3 ᣃ CANADIAN SYLLABICS YOY
- U+18C4 ᣄ CANADIAN SYLLABICS YAY
- U+18C5 ᣅ CANADIAN SYLLABICS RAY
Underring
Unicode encodes the underring at U+0325 ◌̥ COMBINING RING BELOW
The underring is used in
In Pashto romanization, ḁ is used to represent /ə/.[3]
Examples:
- U+1E00 Ḁ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING BELOW
- U+1E01 ḁ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING BELOW
Emilian
In
Romagnol
In
Half rings
Half rings also exist as diacritic marks; these are characters U+0351 ◌͑ COMBINING LEFT HALF RING ABOVE and U+0357 ◌͗ COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING ABOVE. These characters are used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet, respectively for mediopalatal pronunciation and strong-onset vowels. These characters may be used in the International Phonetic Alphabet, denoting less and more roundedness, as alternatives to half rings below U+031C ◌̜ COMBINING LEFT HALF RING BELOW and U+0339 ◌̹ COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING BELOW. They are here given with the lowercase a: a͑ and a͗, a̜ and a̹.
U+1E9A ẚ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RIGHT HALF RING is similar in appearance but differs from a͗ because its compatibility decomposition uses U+02BE ʾ MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING instead of U+0357 ◌͗ COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING ABOVE.
Other, similar signs are in use in Armenian: the U+0559 ◌ՙ ARMENIAN MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING and the U+055A ◌՚ ARMENIAN APOSTROPHE.
Breve and inverted breve are also shaped like half rings, respectively, the bottom and top half of a circle.
Other uses
The ring is used in the transliteration of Abkhaz to represent the letter ҩ. It may also be used in place of the abbreviation symbol ॰ when transliterating the Devanagari alphabet.
Letters with ring
- Ring ◌̊ ◌̥ А̊ а̊
- У̊ у̊
Similar marks
The ring as a diacritic mark should not be confused with the dot or U+0366 ◌ͦ COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER O diacritic marks, or with the degree sign °.
The half ring as a diacritic mark should not be confused with the
References
- ^ "Proposal to Encode Latin Letters for the Transliteration of Indic Vocalic Letters" (PDF). unicode.org. 2013-10-28.
- ^ "Draft Minutes of UTC Meeting 137". unicode.org. 2013-11-25.
- ^ "Grammar of the Pḁṣ̌tō or Language of the Afghāns: Compared with the Īrānian". J.J. Heckenhauer. 1873.