Rio de Janeiro (state)
Rio de Janeiro | |
---|---|
State | |
Estado do Rio de Janeiro State of Rio de Janeiro | |
UTC-3 (BRT) | |
Postal Code | 20000-000 to 28990-000 |
ISO 3166 code | BR-RJ |
License Plate Letter Sequence | KMF to LVE, RIO, RIP to RKV, RSG to RST |
Website | rj.gov.br |
Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese pronunciation:
The state of Rio de Janeiro is located within the Brazilian geopolitical region classified as the
The state's 22 largest cities are
Rio de Janeiro is the smallest state by area in the Southeast macroregion and one of the smallest in Brazil. It is, however, the
In the Brazilian flag, the state is represented by Mimosa, the beta star in the Southern Cross (β Cru).
Demonym
The original demonym for the State of Rio de Janeiro is fluminense, from
History
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1872 | 1,057,696 | — |
1890 | 1,399,535 | +1.57% |
1900 | 1,737,478 | +2.19% |
1920 | 2,717,244 | +2.26% |
1940 | 3,611,998 | +1.43% |
1950 | 4,674,645 | +2.61% |
1960 | 6,709,891 | +3.68% |
1970 | 9,110,324 | +3.11% |
1980 | 11,489,797 | +2.35% |
1991 | 12,783,761 | +0.97% |
2000 | 14,367,083 | +1.31% |
2010 | 15,989,929 | +1.08% |
2022 | 16,055,174 | +0.03% |
source:[10] |
Hereditary captainships
European presence in Rio de Janeiro dates back to 1502. Rio de Janeiro originated from parts of the captainships of de Tomé and São Vicente. Between 1555 and 1567, the territory was occupied by the French, who intended to install a colony, France Antarctique. Aiming to prevent the occupation of the Frenchmen, in March 1565, the city of Rio de Janeiro was established by Estácio de Sá.
In the 17th century, cattle raising and sugar cane cultivation stimulated the city's progress, which was definitively assured when the port started to export gold extracted from Minas Gerais in the 18th century. In 1763, Rio de Janeiro became the capital of Colonial Brazil. With the flight of the Portuguese royal family from Portugal to Brazil in 1808, the region soon benefited from urban reforms to house the Portuguese. Chief among the promoted changes were the transformation of agencies of public administration and justice, the creation of new churches and hospitals, the foundation of the first bank of the country (the Bank of Brazil) and the Royal Press, with the Gazette do Rio of Janeiro. The following years witnessed the creation of the Jardim Botânico (Botanical Garden) and the Royal Military Academy .
There followed a process of cultural enhancement influenced not only by the arrival of the royal family, but also by the presence of European graphic artists who were hired to record the society and Brazilian natural features. During this same time, The Royal School of Sciences, Arts, and Works was founded as well.
The neutral city
In 1834, the city of Rio de Janeiro was transformed into a
The new state of Rio de Janeiro
In 1975, a further change took place, with the merger of the states of Rio de Janeiro and the state of Guanabara, restoring the then city-state to the status of a municipality, governed by mayors.
In the 1970s, with the transfer of the capital to Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro began to be one of the worst states in the country in terms of economic dynamism. There was no political discussion about the course of the city after it ceased to be the country's capital. “Rio de Janeiro was a job hanger for politicians from all over Brazil. Everyone referred a friend, a relative to take a position in the federal district,” explains Marieta de Moraes Ferreira, history professor at
Geography
The state is part of the
The coastline extends 635 kilometers and is formed by the bays of Guanabara, Sepetiba, and Ilha Grande. There are prominent slopes near the ocean, featuring also diverse environments, such as restinga vegetation, bays, lagoons and tropical forests.
Most of the state however consists of highlands, often higher than 1000 m, formed by several mountain chains like the
Its principal rivers are the
.Climate
The entire state is located within the
Annual mean temperatures on the coast are around 23 °C (73 °F), 26 °C (79 °F) in summer and 20 °C (68 °F) in winter. In the mountains annual mean temperatures are around 18 °C (64 °F) but can range from 20 °C (68 °F) at an elevation of 600 to 700 metres (2,000 to 2,300 ft) above sea level to 7 °C (45 °F) in the Itatiaia National Park. Summers in these areas tend to be warm but not hot, with averages around 22 °C (72 °F). Winters are quite chilly by Brazilian standards with lows around 8 to 9 °C (46 to 48 °F)
Rains tend to be concentrated in the summer (December to March) with a dry season in the winter (June to September). Most of the state receives between 1,000 and 1,500 millimetres (39 and 59 in) of rainfall in a year.
Demographics
According to the IBGE of 2022, there were 16,055,174 people residing in the state. The population density was 367 inhabitants per square kilometre (950/sq mi).
Urbanization: 96.9% (2004); Population growth: 1.3% (1991–2000).
The last PNAD (National Household Survey) census revealed the following numbers: 6,739,901
People of
Other
Largest cities
Largest cities or towns in Rio de Janeiro
(2011 census by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics)[22] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Mesoregion
|
Pop. | Rank | Mesoregion
|
Pop. | ||||
Rio de Janeiro São Gonçalo |
1 | Rio de Janeiro | Metropolitana | 6 355 949 | 11 | Magé | Metropolitana | 228 972 | Duque de Caxias Nova Iguaçu |
2 | São Gonçalo | Metropolitana | 1 008 064 | 12 | Itaboraí | Metropolitana | 220 351 | ||
3 | Duque de Caxias | Metropolitana | 861 157 | 13 | Macaé | Norte Fluminense | 212 433 | ||
4 | Nova Iguaçu | Metropolitana | 799 047 | 14 | Nova Friburgo | Centro Fluminense | 209 747 | ||
5 | Niterói | Metropolitana | 489 720 | 15 | Cabo Frio | Baixadas Litorâneas | 190 747 | ||
6 | Belford Roxo |
Metropolitana | 472 008 | 16 | Barra Mansa | Sul Fluminense | 178 355 | ||
7 | Campos dos Goytacazes | Norte Fluminense | 468 086 | 17 | Angra dos Reis | Sul Fluminense | 173 369 | ||
8 | São João de Meriti | Metropolitana | 459 379 | 18 | Mesquita | Metropolitana | 168 966 | ||
9 | Petrópolis | Metropolitana | 296 565 | 19 | Teresópolis | Metropolitana | 165 716 | ||
10 | Volta Redonda | Sul Fluminense | 259 011 | 20 | Nilópolis | Metropolitana | 157 710 |
Religion
According to the 2010 Brazilian census, there were 7,324,315 Roman Catholics (45.8%), 4,696,906 Protestants (29.4%), 647,572 Spiritists (4%), and 2,416,303 people without religion (14.6%). There are also adherents of
Rio de Janeiro is the state with the lowest percentage of Catholics in Brazil, and the state with the highest percentage of people without religion (such as
Education
The state of Rio de Janeiro has the 4th best education in Brazil, second only to the Federal District, São Paulo and Goiás. The state has the fourth lowest illiteracy rate in Brazil, about 4% of its population. The illiteracy rate in the state is compared to countries like Singapore, Portugal, and China.[25][26]
Colleges and universities
Most of the state's leading universities are public. The most prestigious university is the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, regarded as the best Federal university in Brazil, and fifth best in Latin America according to the QS World University Rankings.[27][28]
Some other well-known colleges, and universities in the state:
Public
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)
- State University of Rio de Janeiro(UERJ)
- Fluminense Federal University(UFF)
- Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro(UNIRIO)
- Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro(UFRRJ)
- Military Institute of Engineering (IME-RJ)
- State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro(UENF)
- Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ)
- Fluminense Federal Institute (IFF)
- Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste(UEZO)
Private
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RIO)
- Catholic University of Petrópolis(UCP)
- Estácio De Sá University(UNESA)
- Fundação Getúlio Vargas(FGV)
- Universidade Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO)
- Universidade Cândido Mendes(UCAM)
- University of Vassouras (USS)
- Universidade Castelo Branco (UCB)
- Universidade Santa Úrsula (USU)
- Universidade Veiga de Almeida (UVA)
- Universidade Salgado de Oliveira (UNIVERSO)[29]
Economy
Much of the economy of the state of Rio de Janeiro is based on the provision of services, with a significant share of industry and little influence on the agricultural sector, which represents only 0.4% of the product gross domestic state.[30]
In the past,
The
Participation in the Brazilian economy: 15.6% (2004).
There are 3,915,724 vehicles in the state (as of Jan. 2006), 10 million mobile phones, 5.3 million telephones, and 92 cities.
Tourism
Rio de Janeiro is the city that receives the most foreign tourists in all of Latin America. In Brazil, it receives almost 40% of foreign tourists who visit the country and receives the most tourists in all of Brazil. It was named one of the ten most beautiful cities in the world by global travel guide website Ucityguides. It is the city that receives the most tourists from cruise ships. During the summer, the city receives more than three million tourists, being the best-known Brazilian city abroad. The capital of Rio de Janeiro is internationally known for the beauty of its beaches and hills, in addition to having several sites. According to Embratur, it is the most sought-after destination by foreign tourists who visit Brazil for leisure, and second place in business and events tourism.[40]
Of the 10 most visited cities in the country by leisure tourists, 4 are in the state of Rio. In addition to the capital, in the lake region, Armação dos Búzios, and in the south of the state, Angra dos Reis, both focused on high-end tourism; also in the south of the state, the town of Paraty, with its colonial architecture and cobbled streets. The beaches of the Lagos region are also very popular, in the towns of Cabo Frio and Arraial do Cabo; and Ilha Grande. The mountainous region is home to the imperial city, Petrópolis, seat of Brazil's ancient empire; its neighbor Teresópolis; Nova Friburgo, colonized by the Germans; Penedo, colonized by the Finns, and the village of Visconde de Mauá, in the municipality of Resende, as winter refuges to enjoy the cold.[44][45][46][47]
Infrastructure
Highways
The state of Rio de Janeiro is one of the best in the country in terms of infrastructure, although it has some shortcomings, mainly due to its mountainous terrain. In the highway sector, there are about 800 km of
The main Federal highways that cross the state are:
International airport
Since August 2004, with the transfer of many flights from
Port
Rio de Janeiro has several important ports, such as the Port of Rio de Janeiro, the Port of Itaguaí and the Port of Açu, in addition to others such as Niterói and Angra dos Reis. All ports in the state have several rail and road accesses.The Port of Rio de Janeiro is a major exporter of Minas Gerais iron, steel products and vehicles, importing containers, wheat, steel products and zinc concentrate. The Port of Itaguaí exports Minas Gerais iron ore and containerized cargo, importing coal, coal coke, containerized cargo, alumina and steel products. Açu, in 2023, was the third largest private iron ore terminal in Brazil, where it is responsible for 30% of the country's oil exports. In addition, in 2023, it was building the largest thermoelectric park in Latin America, and it houses the largest offshore support base in the world.[54][55][56][57]
Sports
The sport that stands out the most in the state is
The capital has three major stadiums:
In the state of Rio, Olympic medalists were born such as:
State flag
An eagle, symbol of Brazil's royal family, appears on the state flag with the rock formation Dedo de Deus ("The Finger of God") near Teresópolis in the background. The outer part of the coat of arms represents the state's agricultural richness, sugarcane (left) and coffee (right).
- Flags used in Rio de Janeiro over the years
-
Flag of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro - Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (1565 – 1821)
-
Flag of the Province of Rio de Janeiro (1821 – 1889)
-
Flag of the State of Rio de Janeiro (1889–present)
Gallery
-
Sugarloaf Mountain
-
Center of Rio de Janeiro
-
Pico das Agulhas Negras, the highest point in the state of Rio de Janeiro
-
Niterói, one of the most famous and developed cities of the state
-
Nova Friburgo, known as "Rio's Switzerland"[79]
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Teresópolis, The highest city in Rio de Janeiro State
-
God's Finger peak, a symbol of the state
-
Quitandinha Palace in Petrópolis, The Imperial City
-
Lago Javary (Lake Javary),Miguel Pereira
-
Cabo Frio, The Salinas City, Salt Marsh City
-
Arraial do Cabo, The fluminense Caribbean
-
A farm scene in the countryside of the state
-
Praia dos Ossos beach in Armação dos Búzios
-
Historic town of Paraty and its Portuguese colonial architecture
See also
- List of governors of Rio de Janeiro
- List of municipalities in Rio de Janeiro
- List of country subdivisions by GDP over 100 billion US dollars
Notes
- ^ In the variety of Brazilian Portuguese spoken in Rio de Janeiro, according to Larousse Concise Dictionary: Portuguese-English, 2008, p. 339 (in which the pronunciations "refletem a língua falada no Rio de Janeiro" [reflect the language as spoken in Rio de Janeiro]).
References
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- ISBN 9788501063564. Archivedfrom the original on 2015-09-19. Retrieved 2014-08-24.
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- ^ ECONOMIA DO RIO DE JANEIRO: SENSO COMUM E AGENDA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO
- ^ Decadência do açúcar
- ^ Produção brasileira de abacaxi
- ^ Produção brasileira de mandioca
- ^ Produção brasileira de banana
- ^ Produção brasileira de laranja
- ^ Produção brasileira de tangerina
- ^ Produção brasileira de limão
- ^ Caqui
- ^ Coca capixaba domina
- ^ Tourism statistical directory 2020 based on year 2019
- ^ Veja os melhores roteiros combinados do Rio de Janeiro
- ^ COSTA VERDE À VISTA: UM ROTEIRO POR ILHA GRANDE, ANGRA E PARATY
- ^ Frio no Rio faz turismo crescer na Região Serrana. Em Petrópolis, comércio de roupas tenta se recuperar após estragos das chuvas
- ^ Veja os melhores roteiros combinados do Rio de Janeiro
- ^ COSTA VERDE À VISTA: UM ROTEIRO POR ILHA GRANDE, ANGRA E PARATY
- ^ Frio no Rio faz turismo crescer na Região Serrana. Em Petrópolis, comércio de roupas tenta se recuperar após estragos das chuvas
- ^ Tourism statistical directory 2020 based on year 2019
- ^ Sobre a concessão
- ^ Mapa rodoviário do RJ
- ^ MAPA DE MANUTENÇÃO RODOVIÁRIA RIO DE JANEIRO AGOSTO 2022
- ^ [Via Dutra completa 71 anos e usuário vai esperar 34 anos para ter nova descida da Serra das Araras História da Rodovia Presidente Dutra]
- ^ Finalizadas as obras em três passagens inferiores na BR-493, no Rio de Janeiro
- ^ Infraestrutura prevê contratos de R$ 250 bi com setor privado até o fim de 2022
- ^ Portos do Rio
- ^ Características do porto do Rio
- ^ Características Itaguaí
- ^ Porto do Açu home page
- ^ Maiores clubes cariocas
- ^ Maracanazzo de 50
- ^ Final de 2014
- ^ Praias de surf
- ^ Rio-2016 será maior que a Copa do Mundo de 2014. Duvida?
- ^ 30 anos: Relembre último GP de F1 no Rio com vitória de Ferrari revolucionária
- ^ Rio Open de Tenis
- ^ Estádios, CTs e Maracanã: Eduardo Paes destrincha ações da Prefeitura junto aos clubes do Rio de Janeiro
- ^ 94 anos de São Januário: estádio que surgiu da resistência e se tornou o maior patrimônio da torcida do Vasco
- ^ [https:/ /www.guiadasemana.com.br/esportes/galeria/conheca-todos-os-medalhistas-brasileiros-de-vela-nas-olimpiadas Conheça todos os medalhistas do Brasil nas olimpíadas]
- ^ Martine Grael
- ^ /atletas/thiago-machado-vilela-pereira/ Thiago Pereira
- ^ -giuseppe-fratus/ Fratus
- ^ Fernandes
- ^ -da-silva/ Caetano
- ^ José Telles
- ^ and-medalists/eventresultpagegeneral/?athletename=&country=&sport2=31407&games2=&event2=&mengender=true&womengender=true&mixedgender=false&goldmedal=true&silvermedal=true&bronzemedal=true&worldrecord=true&olympicrecord=false&teamclassification=true&individualclassification=true&winter=false &summer=true Event results general
- ^ -de-mesa.ghtml Hugo Calderano has the best career ranking: 3º do world no tenis de mesa
- ^ Here are 10 famous photos of Nelson Piquet's tricamp
- ^ tempos-108146/ 10 maiores skatistas de todos os tempos
- ^ Marcus Vinicius D´Almeida é vice-campeão mundial de tiro com arco
- ^ "History (Nova Friburgo)" (in Portuguese). 1 January 2014. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
External links
- Media related to Rio de Janeiro (state) at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website (in Portuguese)
- State Judiciary (in Portuguese)
- State Assembly (in Portuguese)
- State University (in Portuguese and English)
- Northern State University (in Portuguese)
- State Attornery Office (in Portuguese)
- State Civil Defence (in Portuguese)
- State Military Police Archived 2010-01-30 at the Wayback Machine (in Portuguese)
- State Civil Police Archived 2015-02-05 at the Wayback Machine (in Portuguese)