Ripon

Coordinates: 54°08′17″N 1°31′26″W / 54.138°N 1.524°W / 54.138; -1.524
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the city in England. For other uses, see Ripon (disambiguation).

Ripon
North Yorkshire
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Websitewww.ripon.org
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UK
England
Yorkshire
54°08′17″N 1°31′26″W / 54.138°N 1.524°W / 54.138; -1.524

Ripon (

cathedral city and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. The city is located at the confluence of two tributaries of the River Ure, the Laver and Skell. Within the boundaries of the historic West Riding of Yorkshire, the city is noted for its main feature, Ripon Cathedral, which is architecturally significant, as well as the Ripon Racecourse
and other features such as its market.

The city was originally known as Inhrypum. Bede records that Alhfrith, king of the Southern Northumbrian kingdom of Deira, gave land at Ripon to

Viking control, and later suffered under the Normans. After a brief period of building projects under the Plantagenets, the city emerged with a prominent wool and cloth industry. Ripon became well known for its production of spurs during the 16th and 17th centuries, but would later remain largely unaffected by the Industrial Revolution
.

Ripon is the

2001 United Kingdom Census figure of 15,922.[4] It is located 11 miles (18 km) south-west of Thirsk, 16 miles (26 km) south of Northallerton and 12 miles (19 km) north of Harrogate. As well as its racecourse and cathedral, Ripon is a tourist destination because of its proximity to the UNESCO World Heritage Site which consists of the Studley Royal Park and Fountains Abbey
.

History

See also: History of Yorkshire

Northumbrian and Viking period

During its pre-history the area which later became Ripon was under the control of the

Alhfrith.[7]

The earliest settlers were stonemasons, glaziers and plasterers that Wilfrid brought over to help construct the Ripon monastery, from

Danish raids.[10]

Normans and the Middle Ages

Ripon Cathedral

After the

Roger de Pont L'Evêque and Walter de Gray, two Archbishops of York during the Plantagenet era.[13] During the 12th century Ripon built up a booming wool trade, attracting Italian trade merchants, especially Florentines, who bought and exported large quantities.[14]

Ripon's proximity to

marks to the Scots to prevent them from burning down the town on one occasion.[15]

Reformation and Tudor times

Fountains Abbey

Ripon, which relied heavily on its religious institutions, was badly affected by the

Dissolution of the Monasteries, which included Fountains Abbey.[17]

After

hanged at Gallows Hill in Ripon during January 1570.[17]

Plans were drawn up to make Ripon a centre of education, a University of the North, to rival

Elizabeth I did not follow it through.[18] The scheme was revived in 1604 by Sandys' widow Cicely, under the patronage of Anne of Denmark and Bess of Hardwick without success.[19]

Civil War and Restoration

The house where Stuart King James I stayed in 1617

Ripon replaced its old textiles industry with one for the manufacture of

Thomas Mauleverer entered Ripon and damaged the Minster, but John Mallory and the royalist forces soon settled the matter after a skirmish in the Market Place.[18] The royalists were eventually defeated in the Civil War and Charles I spent two nights as a prisoner in Ripon.[18] Oliver Cromwell visited the city twice on his way to battle, once on the way to the Preston and also on the way to the Battle of Worcester.[18]

Studley Royal Park
Freemantle Terrace

By the time of the

Jacobite risings in the British Isles; some Riponmen were jailed in February 1746 upon "suspicion of corresponding with Prince Charles Edward Stuart".[24] The founder of Methodism, John Wesley, preached in Ripon and a small community of followers was established.[25] During the Georgian era Ripon, unlike several other cities, was not significantly affected by the Industrial Revolution despite the existence of various guilds. Although more widely known for his activities outside of Ripon, John Aislabie, during his time as Member of Parliament for Ripon, created the Studley Royal Park with its water garden and erected the Ripon Obelisk (designed by Nicholas Hawksmoor).[26][22] Newby Hall was also created during this period by Christopher Wren.[22]

Modern day

Communications were improved with the opening of

RFC Ripon) for the Royal Flying Corps (and latterly, the Royal Air Force). The racecourse was also used as a demobilisation centre for troops returning from France well into 1919.[29][30]

The town had a similar though smaller role during the Second World War and, in recognition of this, the Royal Engineers were presented with the Freedom of the City in 1947.[31] Since the War, Ripon has gone through some remodelling and has grown in size; it attracts thousands of tourists each year who come to see its famous buildings with their long Christian heritage, nearby Studley Park, Ripon Racecourse, and in recent times the theme park Lightwater Valley.[32][33]

  • The T & R Williamson Ltd Varnish and Enamel Works
    The T & R Williamson Ltd Varnish and Enamel Works
  • The Arcade shopping centre
    The Arcade shopping centre
  • Apartment building on Allhallowgate
    Apartment building on Allhallowgate
Historic Allhallowgate June 2023
Ripon Workhouse Museum

City status

See also: City status in the United Kingdom and List of smallest cities in the United Kingdom
Map
Ripon and city boundary

Ripon was the first Church of England diocese to be created after the English Reformation, as it was recognised that existing dioceses were unsuited for the large increases in population caused particularly by the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century in central England. It was deemed that new cathedral building on a national scale was not viable[34] and so Ripon, containing a high status parish church, was created from the existing Chester and York dioceses in 1836, with the building promoted to cathedral status. Ripon council presumed this had elevated the town to the rank of city, and started referring to itself as such. The next diocese Manchester was promoted similarly, but doubts as to its use of the title were raised. With the subsequent clearer understanding of needing to petition the monarch, Manchester did so and obtained the status in 1853. Ripon was encouraged to follow suit, with its own status being recognised by the parliamentary City of Ripon Act in 1865.[34]

In 1974 Ripon borough (see

Nidderdale AONB to the north west, is considered to be the limits of the city. It contains the third lowest population of all the cities in England, however it falls to seventh place when taking the whole of the UK into consideration. Using 2011 ONS census statistics, Ripon has the third smallest city council area but the fourth lowest urban area of any city in England.[35][36]

Governance

Sir George Cockburn was MP for Ripon from 1841 until 1847.

Ripon became a

Harrogate borough in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire.[38]

The lowest tier of governance in Ripon is the Ripon City Council, a

independent.[39]

Ripon Town Hall

Ripon was represented by the Member of Parliament for

county constituency in which the town was placed as a result was named Ripon, and this continued as a single member constituency, albeit with some boundary changes, until it was abolished before the 1983 general election.[40] Since 1983, Ripon has been part of the Skipton and Ripon constituency, a Conservative Party stronghold.[41]

Position Current representatives
Member of Parliament Julian Smith, Conservative, elected 2010
City Council Members
 elected 2018: Jo Bate, Independent · Michael Chambers, Conservative · Stephen Michael Craggs, Conservative · Christopher James Davis, Conservative · Anthony Christopher Hardisty, Independent · Sid Hawke, Independent · Peter Horton, Independent · Pauline McHardy, Independent · Stuart Martin, Conservative · Eamon Robin Parkin, Independent · Charlie Powell, Independent · Andrew Williams, Independent[39]

Geography

View over the market place of Ripon

Topography

River Skell

Ripon lies at the confluence of two rivers, the Laver and the Skell, which meet in the west of the city.[42] As they flow through the city, the Skell feeds water into the basin of Ripon Canal.[43] East of the city, the Skell meets the River Ure, and both the Ure and canal head south-eastwards towards Boroughbridge.[44] The Ure was the traditional boundary between the old West and North Ridings of Yorkshire.[45]

As the city is at the meeting point of three rivers, it has flooded often in the 20th and 21st centuries; notable floods have occurred in 1982, 1991, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2007.[46] This prompted spending over £14 million on the building of flood defences for the city and a storage area upstream of the city which can hold 53,000,000 cubic feet (1,500,000 m3) of water.[47]

Much of the geology of the district is magnesian limestone, part of the Permian rocks which extend southwards from Darlington to Wetherby.[48] The area has pockets of gypsum underlying the surface soils. Water has dissolved the gypsum, leaving the area prone to sinkholes, especially north of the city and on the northern side of the Ure.[49]

Climate

The climate data below is for Topcliffe, which is 8.1 miles (13 km) to the north-east.[50]

Climate data for Topcliffe airfield (North Yorkshire): elevation: 25 m (82 ft)
Average maximum and minimum temperatures, and average rainfall recorded between 1991 and 2020 by the Met Office.
Sunshine hours are for Leeming, as no data has been recorded at Topcliffe.
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.8
(44.2) 		7.4
(45.3) 		9.9
(49.8) 		12.5
(54.5) 		15.7
(60.3) 		18.2
(64.8) 		20.9
(69.6) 		20.4
(68.7) 		17.7
(63.9) 		13.6
(56.5) 		9.5
(49.1) 		6.7
(44.1) 		13.3
(55.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.4
(32.7) 		0.1
(32.2) 		1.5
(34.7) 		3.2
(37.8) 		5.8
(42.4) 		8.9
(48.0) 		11.2
(52.2) 		10.6
(51.1) 		8.4
(47.1) 		5.6
(42.1) 		2.4
(36.3) 		-0.0
(32.0) 		4.86
(40.75)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 55.3
(2.18) 		39.5
(1.56) 		45.4
(1.79) 		53.3
(2.10) 		42.7
(1.68) 		59.7
(2.35) 		54.1
(2.13) 		62.5
(2.46) 		50.5
(1.99) 		58.7
(2.31) 		63.3
(2.49) 		58.9
(2.32) 		644
(25.4)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.9 8.7 10 9.3 8.8 9.1 9.8 9.9 9.0 10.4 10.9 11.1 117.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 58.1 81.7 121.5 153.8 195.0 175.9 185.5 171.2 132.7 93.4 63.7 54.2 1,486.7
Source 1: Met Office[51]
Source 2: Met Office[52]

Landmarks and architecture

The main feature of Ripon is an English Gothic style cathedral, originally founded by Irish monks but refounded by Saint Wilfrid in 672. It has been rebuilt many times, and the only original building is the Saxon crypt.[53] It is home to Wilfrid’s grave.

Education

College of Ripon and York St John
facilities

Ripon is home to Ripon Grammar School which is a selective intake, state secondary school.[54] The school claims to take roots from the school which was attached to the Collegiate Church, founded during the time of the Angle kingdom of Northumbria by Saint Wilfrid.[55] The refoundation date for the school was during the reign of Queen Mary I in 1555.[55] The school has several notable alumni, known as Old Riponians, including theologian Bishop Beilby Porteus, historian Bishop William Stubbs, fashion designer Bruce Oldfield and television presenter Richard Hammond.[55] In the modern day the school hosts around 800 pupils, gaining engineering status in 2006,[56] it receives favourable reports from the Ofsted, being either good or outstanding.[57] Opposite Ripon Grammar on Clotherholme Road is the non-selective Outwood Academy Ripon (formerly Ripon College, a secondary comprehensive school), which was also known as Ripon City School until 1999. It has around 630 pupils and is exceeding the national average of GCSE and A-Level results.[58][59][60][61]

On the site of the Old Ripon Racecourse in Whitcliffe Lane was St Olave's Preparatory School.

Anglican teacher training colleges, which were founded in York in 1841 for men and 1846 for women.[64] The women's college moved to Ripon in 1862. Over the next century, the colleges gradually diversified their education programmes. The colleges merged in 1974 to form the College of Ripon and York St John.[64] The combined institution became a college of the University of Leeds in 1990. Between 1999 and 2001, all activities were transferred to York and the college received the name York St John University.[64] One of York St John's buildings on its Lord Mayor's Walk campus was renamed 'Ripon' in June 2018 to commemorate Ripon Training College's "contribution to women's education" over 123 years of service.[65]

Evolve, a small, inclusive post-16 college is based in the centre of Ripon,[66] which works alongside Craven College, which is based in Skipton.[67]

On the outskirts of Ripon there is the specialist autism education school called Spring Hill. The school offers day and boarding places. Current pupil numbers are 22. These include 17 boys, 5 girls, and 6 boarders. Spring Hill is owned by Cambian group PLC which is a large UK provider of specialist provision for children and adults. Spring Hill was previously in the ownership of the charity Barnardos. The current headteacher is Samantha Campbell, the head of care is Rebecca Sharp, The deputy headteacher is Christine Sherman, the head of education is currently vacant and the transitions and admissions coordinator is currently vacant.

Religion

Ripon Cathedral's exterior and interior

Christianity is the largest religious affiliation in Ripon; 79.3% of the people in the area polled as part of the

Venerable William Gibson is another noted local figure, a Catholic martyr who was one of the eighty-five martyrs of England and Wales.[68]

The

grade I listed building.[72]

Inside St Mary's at Studley Royal

There is a

Methodism in Ripon,[75] as well as a couple of evangelical churches
including Bethel Church and Zion Baptist Church.

Culture

The Ripon Hornblower

Market day is held on a Thursday, and there are 120 stalls.[76] In celebration of the city's founder the Wilfrid Procession is held every year; it originated in 1108 when King Henry I granted the privilege of holding a fair for him.[77] At the procession there are various decorated floats which make their way through the city with locals in costume.[78] Part of the tradition represents the return of Wilfrid to Ripon, a decorated dummy (sometimes a man in costume instead) dressed as Wilfrid is sat on a horse, accompanied by two musicians with another man carrying St Wilfrid's hat around.[79] Ripon also has dancing traditions such as the Long Sword dance and Morris dance.[77]

Ripon Obelisk

The market square is the site of the

Grade I listed and reputed to be the oldest in England.[80]

The tradition of the Ripon Hornblower has endured since 886 and continues on to this day.

Harrogate borough coat of arms. There are three museums in Ripon collectively known as the Yorkshire Law and Order Museums; it includes the Courthouse, the Prison and Police and the Workhouse Museums.[84]

Ripon Baths

Sport

Further information: Ripon Cricket Club
Ripon Racecourse

In terms of sport, the most noted field of participation is

Yorkshire 2, the eighth tier of the English Rugby Union league
.

Media

Local news and television programmes are provided by

ITV1. Television signals can be received from either Emley Moor or Bilsdale TV transmitters.[86][87]

Local radio stations are

His Majesty's Armed Forces
.

The Ripon Gazette is the town’s weekly local newspaper.[89]

Transport

Ripon Bus Station
The Ripon Canal continues to be used by barges in the modern day.

The city was previously served by

London & North Eastern Railway. The Ripon to Harrogate Line was closed in the 1960s as part of the Beeching cuts.[91] Today much of the route of the line through the city is now a relief road and although the former station still stands, it is now surrounded by a new housing development. The issue remains a significant one in local politics and there are movements wanting to restore the line.[90] Reports suggest the reopening of a line between Ripon and Harrogate would be economically viable, costing £40 million and could initially attract 1,200 passengers a day, rising to 2,700.[90][91][92]

By road Ripon is well connected; it is accessible from the north and south via the

B6265.[93] Ripon is accessible from the east and west via the A61 which is the main road running through the city.[93]

Harrogate Bus Company's route 36 links the city to Harrogate and Leeds, and there are also regular bus routes to Boroughbridge, York, Thirsk, Northallerton, Leyburn, Richmond and others.[94]

The Ripon Canal was proposed by John Smeaton in 1766, to connect the city centre to part of the River Ure; it was used for the transportation of coal from the Durham coalfields into the city. Although abandoned in 1956, a conservationist campaign saw it partly reopened in 1988, and fully in 1996.[95]

Town twinning

Freedom of the City

The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the City of Ripon:

Individuals

  • Charles, Prince of Wales: 24 October 2002.[97]

Military units

See also

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Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ripon.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Ripon.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripon&oldid=1219566028"
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