Riprap
Riprap (in
Environmental effects
Sediment effects
Riprap causes morphological changes in the riverbeds they surround. One such change is the reduction of sediment settlement in the river channel, which can lead to scouring of the river bed as well as coarser sediment particles. This can be combatted by increasing the distance between the pieces of riprap and using a variety of sizes.[7]
The usage of riprap may not even stop erosion, but simply move it downstream.[8] Additionally, the soil beneath the riprap can be eroded if the rock was just placed on top without any buffer between the layers such as a geotextile fabric or smaller riprap (crushed stone).[9]
Changes in organic material and the ecosystem
Riprap affects the amount of organic material in a waterbody by acting as a filter, catching wood and leaves before they can enter the water.[8] Riprap also covers and prevents plants from growing through, which can reduce shade over the water.
Introducing ripraps creates a rocky environment which can affect the ecology of a waterbody by making the ecosystem more heterogeneous.[10] While it can negatively affect some organisms by removing shoreline vegetation, the rock can provide important refuge for invertebrates and small fish.[8][11] By preventing woody plants from growing and shading the water, riprap can also increase the amount of algae and hydrophytes.[12]
Gallery
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Concrete rubble used as riprap along the San Francisco Bay shoreline
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Modular concrete block riprap
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Modular concrete block riprap
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Modular concrete block riprap
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Riprap lining a lake shore
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Riprap closing off a channel on the Mississippi River
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Riprap protecting a levee
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Crews replacing riprap atGalvestonSeawall after a 1915 hurricane
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Riprap protecting a concrete retaining wall
See also
References
- ^ ISBN 978-981-4280-99-0.
- ^ )
- ^ a b c "What is Riprap | Muse Hauling & Grading". www.musehg.com. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
- PMID 31788225.
- ^ "Erosion Control Blankets vs. Rip Rap | East Coast Erosion". East Coast Erosion Control. 2020-05-22. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
- ^ Brown, Scott A. (January 1989). "Welcome to ROSA P |". rosap.ntl.bts.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
- ^ Qi; et al. (June 2021). "Scour at pile groups and effects of riprap gradation and thickness on the scour reduction". Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 52 (6) – via ResearchGate.
- ^ S2CID 129730847.
- ^ Sfeir; et al. (August 2021). "RIPRAP FILTERS AND STABILITY OF RIPRAP COVERED SLOPES". Riprap for Scour Countermeasures – via ResearchGate.
- – via ASCE Library.
- S2CID 220857360.
- ^ Fischenich, J. Craig (April 2003). "Effects of Riprap on Riverine and Riparian Ecosystems" (PDF). Wetlands Regulatory Assistance Program. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 1, 2022 – via US Army Corps of Engineers.
- Ciria-CUR (2007) - Rock Manual - The use of rock in hydraulic engineering.
- N.W.H. Allsop (2002) - Breakwaters, coastal structures and coastlines.
- US Dept. of Transportation (2004) - Trail Construction and Maintenance Notebook