Riss glaciation
The Riss glaciation, Riss Glaciation, Riss ice age, Riss Ice Age, Riss glacial or Riss Glacial (
Boundaries and division
The Riss glaciation was defined by Penck and Brückner as the Lower (Niedere) or Younger Old Moraines and Old Terminal Moraines High Terraces (Jüngere Altmoränen und Alt-Endmoränen-Hochterrassen). The
The present-day division differs from the original Penck classification. The beginning of the Riss ice age, according to the 2002 Stratigraphic Table of Germany, was the end of the
The classification of ice ages in Switzerland varies from that used in the Bavarian and Austrian Alpine Foreland. The glaciation complex between the end of the Holstein and the beginning of the Eem interglacials is referred to as the Penultimate Ice Age and the Great Glaciation.[2] It is divided into two additional interstadials, the so-called Double Holstein Event of Meikirch (doppelte Holstein-Vorkommen von Meikirch), which is not identical, however, with the Holstein interglacial.[6]
During the period of maximum glaciation, ancient man (
Sequence and extent of the Riss glaciation
At the beginning of the Riss ice age almost all of today's river valleys were created. The glaciation of the Alps, even before the Holstein interglacial and towards the end of the major glaciations, resulted in glaciers advancing in several phases far into the Alpine Foreland, further than all other known ice sheet advances,[5] and the main glaciers had established themselves along today's river valleys. During the Riss, glaciers advanced into the Bavarian and Austrian Alpine Foreland probably four times. The first two advances have not been confirmed with certainty because they are overlaid by the two stadials at the end of the Riss glaciation that extended well to the north.[7]
The ice sheet advances of the cold period were mostly well beyond the
In the west the
During the Riss, the
References
- ^ Walter Freudenberger; Klaus Schwerd (1996), Geologische Karte von Bayern 1:500000 mit Erläuterungen. 1 Karte + Erläuterungen + 8 Beilagen (in German) (4th ed.), Munich: Bayrisches Geologisches Landesamt, pp. 238 ff
- ^ a b Ueli Reinmann (2004), "Auf den Spuren der Eiszeit im Raum Wangen a. A.: Neue Erkenntnisse auf Grund von bodenkundlichen Untersuchungen im Endmoränengebiet des Rhonegletschers" (PDF), Jahrbuch des Oberaargaus (in German), vol. 47, pp. 135–152[permanent dead link]
- ^ Litt; et al (2005) "Text"
- Maureen E. Raymo (2005), "A Plio-Pleistocene Stack of 57 Globally Distributed Benthic δ18O Records" (PDF), Paleoceanography (in German), vol. 20, archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-06-16, retrieved 2015-04-28
- ^ ISBN 3-510-65149-9
- ^ Habbe (2007) p. 80
- ^ Litt; et al (2005) "Table"
- ^ Eduard Stummer (1936). "Die interglazialen Seen von Salzburg" (PDF). Verhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt (4): 105 – via landesmuseum.at.
Geologische Karte von Salzburg 1:200,000 "20, 19, 18 Vorstoßschotter; Grund- und Endmoräne; Hochterrasse [Riss]". Geologische Karten online - Texte. 2009. Archived from the original on 2014-10-17 – via geomap.geolba.ac.at. - ^ In the area of Straßwalchen the Riss edge and terminal moraines of the Irrsee Glacier lie at a height of 500–650 m above sea level (AA), The Mindel moraines at around {{Subst:Formatnum:700}} m. GKÖ 64 Straßwalchen und 65 Mondsee.
Literature
- K.A. Habbe; D. Ellwanger; R. Becker-Haumann (2007), "Stratigraphische Begriffe für das Quartär des süddeutschen Alpenvorlandes", Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart Quaternary Science Journal (in German), 56 (1/2): 66–83, ISSN 0424-7116
- T. Litt; et al. (2005), "Das Quartär in der Stratigraphischen Tabelle von Deutschland 2002", Newsletters in Stratigraphie (in German), vol. 41, no. 1–3, Berlin, Stuttgart, pp. 385–399, doi:10.1127/0078-0421/2005/0041-0385. "Text" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-02-16. Retrieved 2010-02-14. "Table" (PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2010-02-16. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
- Albrecht Penck; Eduard Brückner (1901–1909), Die Alpen im Eiszeitalter (in German), Leipzig: C.H. Tauchnitz (3 volumes)
External links
- Stratigraphische Tabellen des Bayerischen Geologischen Landesamtes. Ad hoc AG Geologie der Staatlichen Geologischen Dienste (SGD) and the BGR
- Riss-Kaltzeit. GeoDZ online lexicon