River Tweed

Coordinates: 55°45′55″N 1°59′27″W / 55.7652°N 1.9909°W / 55.7652; -1.9909
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other rivers with this name, see Tweed River (disambiguation).

River Tweed
The River Tweed at Abbotsford
Location
CountryUnited Kingdom
PartScotland, England
Physical characteristics
SourceTweed's Well
 • locationTweedsmuir, Scottish Borders, Scotland
 • coordinates55°26′42″N 3°29′46″W / 55.445°N 3.496°W / 55.445; -3.496
MouthNorth Sea
 • location
Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, England
 • coordinates
55°45′55″N 1°59′27″W / 55.7652°N 1.9909°W / 55.7652; -1.9909
Length156 km (97 mi)

The River Tweed, or Tweed Water,

Tweed cloth derives its name from its association with the River Tweed.[2] The Tweed is one of the great salmon rivers of Britain and the only river in England where an Environment Agency rod licence is not required for angling. The river generates a large income for the local borders region, attracting anglers from all around the world.[3]

Etymology

Tweed may represent an Old Brittonic name meaning "border".[4] A doubtful proposal is that the name is derived from a non-Celtic form of the Indo-European root *teuha- meaning "swell, grow powerful".[5]

Course

The catchment area of the Tweed

The River Tweed flows primarily through the scenic Borders region of Scotland. Eastwards from the settlements on opposing banks of Birgham and Carham it forms the historic boundary between Scotland and England.

It rises in the Lowther Hills at Tweed's Well near to where the Clyde, draining northwest (10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the Tweed's Well), and the Annan draining south (1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the Tweed's Well) also rise. "Annan, Tweed and Clyde rise oot the ae hillside" is a saying from the Border region.[6] East of Kelso, it becomes a section of the eastern part of the border. Entering England, its lower reaches are in Northumberland, where it enters the North Sea at Berwick-upon-Tweed.

Catchment

The river east of

drumlin field. It is the relic of a paleo-ice stream that flowed through the area during the last glaciation. Major towns through which the Tweed flows include Innerleithen, Peebles, Galashiels, Melrose, Kelso, Coldstream and Berwick-upon-Tweed, where it flows into the North Sea. Tweed tributaries
include:

The upper parts of the catchment of the Tweed in Scotland form the area known as Tweeddale, part of which is protected as the Upper Tweeddale National Scenic Area, one of 40 such areas in Scotland which are defined so as to identify areas of exceptional scenery and to ensure its protection from inappropriate development.[7]

Management

Tweed Fisheries Act 1771
Act of Parliament
11 Geo. 3. c. 27
Dates
Royal assent12 April 1771
Other legislation
Repealed byRiver Tweed Fisheries Act 1830
Status: Repealed
Tweed Fisheries Act 1775
Act of Parliament
15 Geo. 3. c. 46
Dates
Royal assent22 May 1775
Status: Repealed
Tweed Fisheries Act 1797
Act of Parliament
37 Geo. 3. c. 48
Dates
Royal assent3 May 1797
Other legislation
Repealed byRiver Tweed Fisheries Act 1830
Status: Repealed
River Tweed Fisheries Act 1807
Act of Parliament
47 Geo. 3 Sess. 1. c. xxix
Dates
Royal assent25 April 1807
Other legislation
Repealed byRiver Tweed Fisheries Act 1830
Status: Repealed
Text of statute as originally enacted
River Tweed Fisheries Act 1830
Act of Parliament
11 Geo. 4 & 1 Will. 4. c. liv
Dates
Royal assent29 May 1830
Other legislation
Repealed byTweed Fisheries Act 1857
Status: Repealed
Text of statute as originally enacted
Tweed Fisheries Act 1857
Act of Parliament
SI 2006
/2913)
Status: Repealed
Tweed Fisheries Amendment Act 1859
Act of Parliament
SI 2006
/2913)
Status: Repealed
Tweed Fisheries Act 1969
Act of Parliament
SI 2006
/2913)
Status: Repealed
Scotland Act 1998 (River Tweed) Order 2006
Statutory Instrument
SI 1996/1211)
Made underScotland Act 1998
Status: Current legislation
Text of statute as originally enacted

Despite that the catchment straddles the border between Scotland and England, management of it – in terms of water quality, bio-security, and ultimately protection of the salmon of the River Tweed – is overseen by a single body, the River Tweed Commission.[8]

Gallery

  • The River Tweed at Abbotsford, near Melrose
    The River Tweed at Abbotsford, near Melrose
  • The River Tweed from Mertoun House, near St Boswells
    The River Tweed from Mertoun House, near St Boswells
  • The Anglo-Scottish border, with the Tweed on the east. Its estuary and the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed were a late annexation by England.
    The Anglo-Scottish border, with the Tweed on the east. Its estuary and the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed were a late annexation by England.
  • The Union Chain Bridge spanning the Tweed between Horncliffe, England and Fishwick, Scotland
    The Union Chain Bridge spanning the Tweed between Horncliffe, England and Fishwick, Scotland

See also

Notes

  1. ISBN 9780711233638
    .
  2. ^ "Article on Tweed Cloth". Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  3. ^ "Wild fishing tax 'raid' concern". BBC News. 10 August 2015.
  4. ^ "University of Wales Dictionary". University of Wales Dictionary. University of Wales. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
  5. ^ James, Alan. "The Brittonic Language in the Old North - A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence" (PDF). Scottish Place Name Society.
  6. ^ The Tweed: Take a trip on a river flowing with history Archived 2019-07-31 at the Wayback Machine, The Independent, 21 April 2007
  7. ^ "National Scenic Areas". Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  8. ^ "History of the RTC". www.rivertweed.org.uk/. Retrieved 22 February 2022.

External links

Wikisource has the text of a 1921 Collier's Encyclopedia article about River Tweed.
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