River Tyne
River Tyne | |
---|---|
South Tyne | |
• location | Alston Moor, Cumbria, England |
2nd source | North Tyne |
• location | Deadwater Fell, Kielder, Northumberland, England |
Mouth | Tynemouth |
• location | Tynemouth, North Tyneside, England |
• coordinates | 55°0′37″N 1°25′8″W / 55.01028°N 1.41889°W |
Length | 118 km (73 miles)[1] |
Basin size | 2,933 km2 (1,132 square miles)[2] |
Discharge | |
• location | Bywell[2] |
• average | 44.6 m3/s (1,580 cu ft/s)[2] |
Basin features | |
Tributaries | |
• left | River Derwent |
The River Tyne /ˈtaɪn/ ⓘ is a river in North East England. Its length (excluding tributaries) is 73 miles (118 km).[1] It is formed by the North Tyne and the South Tyne, which converge at Warden Rock near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Waters'.
The Tyne Rivers Trust measure the whole Tyne catchment as 2,936 km2 (1,134 square miles), containing 4,399 km (2,733 miles) of waterways.[3]
Course
North Tyne
The North Tyne rises on the Scottish border, north of Kielder Water. It flows through Kielder Forest, and in and out of the border. It then passes through the village of Bellingham before reaching Hexham.
South Tyne
The South Tyne rises on Alston Moor, Cumbria and flows through the towns of Haltwhistle and Haydon Bridge, in a valley often called the Tyne Gap. Hadrian's Wall lies to the north of the Tyne Gap. Coincidentally, the source of the South Tyne is very close to those of the Tees and the Wear. The South Tyne Valley falls within the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) – the second largest of the 40 AONBs in England and Wales.
Tyne
From the confluence of the North and South Tyne at Warden Rock just to the north west of Hexham, the river enters the county of Tyne and Wear between Clara Vale (in the Borough of Gateshead on the south bank) and Tyne Riverside Country Park (in Newcastle upon Tyne on the north bank) and continues to divide Newcastle and Gateshead for 13 miles (21 km), in the course of which it flows under ten bridges. To the east of Gateshead and Newcastle, the Tyne divides Hebburn and Jarrow on the south bank from Walker and Wallsend on the north bank. The Tyne Tunnel runs under the river to link Jarrow and Wallsend. Finally the river flows between South Shields and Tynemouth into the North Sea.[2]
Geography
Thomas John Taylor (1810–1861)
The River Tyne is estimated to be around 30 million years old.[7]
Conservation
The conservation of the Tyne has been handled by various bodies over the past 500 years. Conservation bodies have included: Newcastle Trinity House,[8] and the Tyne Improvement Commission.[8] The Tyne Improvement Commission conservation lasted from 1850 until 1968.[8] The 1850–1950 era was the worst period for pollution of the river.[8] The Tyne Improvement Commission laid the foundations for what has become the modern day Port of Tyne.[9] Under the management of the Tyne Improvement Commissioners, over a period of the first 70 years the Tyne was deepened from 1.83 to 9.14 m (6 feet 0 inches to 30 feet 0 inches) and had 150 million tonnes dredged from it.[9] Inside these 70 years, the two Tyne piers were built;[9] Northumbrian, Tyne and Albert Docks were built,[9] as well as the staithes at Whitehill and Dunston.[9] This infrastructure enabled millions of tonnes of cargo to be handled by the Port by 1910.[9] The tidal river has been managed by the
The River Tyne has a charity dedicated to protecting and enhancing its waters and surrounding areas. The Tyne Rivers Trust, established in 2004, is a community-based organisation that works to improve habitat, promote better understanding of the Tyne catchment area and build the reputation of the Tyne catchment as a place of environmental excellence.[10]
Port of Tyne
With its proximity to surrounding
Name and etymology
Nothing definite is known of the origin of the designation Tyne, nor is the river known by that name until the Saxon period: Tynemouth is recorded in Anglo-Saxon as Tinanmuðe (probably
A supposed
River crossings
In popular literature
LJ Ross' thriller Seven Bridges from the DCI Ryan series evolves around the Tyne bridges.[14]
Artworks and sculpture
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
The river is represented, and personified, in a sculpture unveiled in 1968 as part of the new
Salmon Trail
The Environment Agency is currently working with architects and cultural consultancy xsite, in collaboration with Commissions North, to create a travelling sculpture trail along the River Tyne.
The Tyne Salmon Trail will serve as a celebration of the river,[16] its heritage and its increasingly diverse ecosystem. Historically a major symbol in the regional identity of the North East of England, the river plays host to a plethora of different species, the number of which is growing year on year in line with the rivers improving health. The trail looks to capture the imagination of residents and tourists visiting the area – providing them with the ultimate 'fact finding' design experience, which celebrates the salmon's migratory journey in the Northeast of England.
FINS, REFLECTION and JOURNEY were the first three cubes to be launched in December 2007 from a family of ten. Each cube is inspired by the textures, changing colours, movement and journey of the salmon. With each offering a 'modern day keepsake' to take away, in the form of a designed Bluetooth message.
The other cubes will be moving along the River Tyne over one year visiting different locations from Kielder to the Mouth of the Tyne in the summer 2008 before starting their long journey back to their birthplace.
Conversation Piece
Bamboo Bridge
For three days, from 18 to 20 July 2008, a temporary bamboo artwork was installed over the Tyne close to the Gateshead Millennium Bridge. The Bambuco Bridge was created as part of that year's 'SummerTyne' festival.
See also
- Association of Rivers Trusts
- Port of Tyne, the commercial docks in and around the River Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England
- Rivers of the United Kingdom
- The Boat Race of the North, an annual series of races held on the Tyne between Durham and Newcastle universities
- Tyne-class lifeboats have been operated by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution since 1982
- Tyne Valley, Prince Edward Island
- Tyne, the name of one of the sea areas of the British Shipping Forecast.
- Tuxedo Princess, moored floating nightclub (1983-2007)
References
- ^ ISBN 978-1-85936-120-7.
- ^ a b c d "Environment Agency – River Tyne Salmon Action Plan Review" (PDF). Environment Agency – APEM REF EA 410230. July 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
- ^ "The River: Fascinating Facts about the River Tyne". Tyne Rivers Trust. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
- ^ "Thomas John Taylor". Grace's Guide to British Industrial History. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ James Guthrie (1880). The river Tyne: its history and resources. Andrew Reid and Company Limited. p. 2.
- ^ Land Use Consultants (2003). "Urban Landscape Study of the Tyne Gorge" (PDF). Gateshead Council. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ Tyne river trust staff. "The Tyne's origins". Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Henderson, Tony (16 January 2015), "River Tyne's story revealed in study by environmental historian", The Journal, North East England, archived from the original on 20 January 2015, retrieved 30 July 2017
- ^ a b c d e f g Port of Tyne staff (30 July 2017). "Tyne Improvement Commission". portoftyne.co.uk. Port of Tyne. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
- ^ "Tyne Rivers Trust". Charity. Tynerivertrust.org. 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
The Tyne Rivers Trust is an independent charity established to assist in management and improvement of the environment in the Tyne Catchment. The Trust aims to achieve this through Actions to: Improve Habitat; Get Better Information and Promote Better Understanding; Grow the Reputation of the Tyne Catchment and the Tyne Rivers Trust nationally and internationally
- ^ "Coal heritage goes up in flames". BBC. 20 November 2003. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
"The staithes is a lot more than just a lump of wood in the Tyne, it is a magnificent structure and very important to the area's industrial heritage.
- ^ Watson, W J (1926). The History of the Celtic Placenames of Scotland. Chippenham: Irish Academic Press. p. 51.
- ^ a b "The Brittonic Language in the Old North" (PDF). Scottish Place Name Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ^ See the author's website, retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ^ Usherwood, Beach & Morris (2000). Public Sculpture of North-East England. Liverpool University Press.
- ^ a b "Tyne Salmon Trail". 2008. Archived from the original on 7 August 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
Ten cubes inspired by the textures, changing colours, movement and journey of the salmon will migrate along the River Tyne, following the amazing journey of the salmon.
- ^ Strug, Leah (21 July 2008). "Attraction's sending art lovers fishy messages". South Shields Gazette.
Sources
- Leona J. Skelton. Tyne after Tyne: An Environmental History of a River's Battle for Protection, 1529–2015. Winwick White Horse Press, 2017. ISBN 978-1-874267-95-9.