Inland Empire

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Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA
)

Inland Empire
Coachella Festival in Indio
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
Counties
Ten largest cities by population (2010 U.S. Census)
Area
 • Metro
27,298 sq mi (70,669 km2)
Elevation
−220 – 11,499 ft (−67.1 – 3,507 m)
Population
 (2020)
2nd)
GDP
 • MSA$237.9 billion (2022)
Time zoneUTC−08:00 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−07:00 (PDT)

The Inland Empire (commonly abbreviated as the IE) is a metropolitan area or region inland of and adjacent to coastal Southern California, centering around the cities of San Bernardino and Riverside, and bordering Los Angeles County to the east. The bulk of the population is centered in the cities of northwestern Riverside County and southwestern San Bernardino County, and is sometimes considered to include the desert communities of the Coachella and Victor Valleys, respectively on the other sides of the San Gorgonio Pass and San Bernardino Mountains from the Santa Ana River watershed that forms the bulk of the Inland Empire; a much broader definition includes all of Riverside and San Bernardino counties.[4] The combined land area of the counties of the Inland Empire is larger than ten U.S. statesWest Virginia, Maryland, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Connecticut, Delaware and Rhode Island.

The

U.S. Census Bureau–defined Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario metropolitan area, which comprises Riverside County and San Bernardino County, California, covers more than 27,000 sq mi (70,000 km2) and had a population of about 4.6 million in 2020.[5]
At the end of the 19th century, the Inland Empire was a major center of agriculture, including citrus, dairy, and winemaking. Agriculture declined through the 20th century, and since the 1970s a rapidly growing population, fed by families migrating in search of affordable housing, has led to more residential, industrial, and commercial development.

Etymology

, is halfway between the San Bernardino Valley and the Arizona state line.
A map of the United States, highlighting the twin counties of the Inland Empire

The term "Inland Empire" is documented to have been used by the Riverside Enterprise newspaper (now

Palm Springs and the surrounding desert communities, and a much more widespread definition includes all of San Bernardino and Riverside counties.[4]

History

Drawing of San Bernardino (1852)

What is now known as the Inland Empire was inhabited for thousands of years, prior to the late 18th century, by the

Mormon pioneers, arrived over the Cajon Pass in 1851. Although the Mormons left a scant six years later, recalled to Salt Lake City by Brigham Young during the church's Utah War
with the U.S. government, other settlers soon followed.

The entire landmass of

state Senate allowed Riverside County to form out of land previously in San Bernardino and San Diego counties, after rejecting a bill for Pomona to split from L.A. County and become the seat of what would have been called San Antonio County.[9]

Arlington Heights Citrus Groves, Riverside circa 1903

The arrival of rail and the importation of

San Bernardino Freeway, the Ramona Expressway, was built in 1944, and further development of the freeway system in the area
facilitated the expansion of suburbs and human migration throughout the Inland Empire and Southern California.

The region experienced significant economic and population growth through most of the latter half of the 20th century. In the early 1990s, the loss of the region's military bases and reduction of nearby defense industries due to the end of the Cold War led to a local economic downturn.[13][14] The region as a whole had partially recovered from this downturn by the start of the 21st century through the development of warehousing, shipping, logistics and retail industries, primarily centered around Ontario.[15] During the 2008 Recession, industry suffered heavily but had begun to recover by 2010.[16][17]

Geography

Physical geography

View of the San Bernardino Valley from the San Bernardino Mountains. The Santa Ana Mountains are visible in the distance.

Physical boundaries between Los Angeles and the Inland Empire from west to east are the San Jose Hills splitting the San Gabriel Valley from the Pomona Valley, leading to the urban populations centered in the San Bernardino Valley.[18] From the south to north, the Santa Ana Mountains physically divide Orange County from Riverside County. The Santa Rosa Mountains, as well as the Southern California portion of the Sonoran Desert, physically divide Riverside County from San Diego County.[19]

Elevations range from 11,499 ft (3,505 m) at the top of the

Palm Springs, near Joshua Tree National Park
, summer temperatures can reach well over 110 °F (43 °C).

Political geography

Unlike most metropolitan areas that have grown up around a central city, the Inland Empire has no one main focus city. Major cities in the region include

Suburban sprawl
spreads out to form a connection with the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Further development is steadily, if not heavily, encroaching past the mountains into the outlying desert areas. The Inland Empire borders both Los Angeles and Orange counties. Freeways in Southern California are heavily used, but this comprehensive freeway system has made travel between the Inland Empire and these two counties generally direct, especially to and from Los Angeles County.

The Inland Empire has also been referred to as the

area codes.[4][20] In 2004, because of growing demand for telephone numbers, most of western Riverside County was granted a second area code, 951, which is overlayed with the 909 area code (they have the same physical boundaries and new telephone subscribers likely receive a 951 area code telephone number).[20]

The

760 area code
. This area is sometimes considered a sub-region of the Inland Empire or its own separate region. This is to help differentiate it from the urbanized area containing the cities of San Bernardino and Riverside.

This map, created by the Regional Plan Association, illustrates the Southern California megaregion.
Regional Plan Association map of the USA showing the eleven emerging megaregions

The RPA definition includes the Inland Empire (

San Diego County
are completely encompassed within the megaregion.

Boundaries and definitions

There is no universally accepted definition for the boundaries of the Inland Empire region. Some sources such as the

San Bernardino County
as the Inland Empire, mirroring the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropolitan area.

Some residents of certain areas, such as

Idyllwild in the San Jacinto Mountains.[28] The state of California's official website links to the CTTC's map with the description "Map of the Inland Empire region".[29]

Other sources, including

Diamond Bar.[30] Other sources also include cities in Los Angeles County within the boundaries.[31][32]

Economy

Boxcars, Rialto, California

Inexpensive land prices (compared with Los Angeles and Orange counties), a large supply of vacant land, and a

Long Beach to destinations to the north and east such as Las Vegas, Phoenix, and Denver. More than 80 percent of the state's imported cargo is shipped through the Los Angeles/Inland Empire Corridor.[35] During the late 2010s and early 2020s, Amazon, the largest private employer in the region, has rapidly expanded its facilities and warehouses there, responding to explosive growth in online retailing and shipping and increasing traffic and air pollution.[36]

Like most industrial areas, the Inland Empire is vulnerable to the effects of economic recessions. For example, during the global economic downturn of 2008–2009, industrial vacancies doubled from 6.2 percent in 2007 to 12.4 percent to 2008. In San Bernardino and Redlands, vacancies reached 22 percent.[37]

The Inland Empire area is one of the least educated areas of the state with the lowest average in annual wages in the country.[38] A 2006 study of salaries in 51 metropolitan areas of the country ranked the Inland Empire second to last, with an average annual wage of $36,924.[38] Nonetheless, inexpensive land prices and innovative institutional support networks have attracted some small businesses and technology startups into the area.[16]

While urbanization continues to cut into agricultural lands, the Inland Empire still produces substantial crops. Although 10,000 acres (40 km2) of irrigated land was lost between 2002 and 2004, agriculture still brought in more than $1.6 billion in revenues to the two-county region in 2006.[11]

Being a MSA, aggregate GDP figures are reported by the

Gross Metropolitan Product.[39]
Due to the housing crisis, the GDP fell from $114.8 billion in 2007, despite a heavy influx of residents.

The unemployment rate in the Inland Empire has been consistently over the national average since 2007. 10.4 percent of Inland residents were unemployed as of August 2013, compared with the national rate of 7.3 percent. Due to the high unemployment and housing foreclosure rates, a higher percentage of Inland residents rely on public assistance. According to the Press-Enterprise, "twelve percent of Riverside County and 17 percent of San Bernardino County residents used food stamps in January 2012", as compared with "11 percent of those living in Los Angeles County, 8 percent of San Diego County residents and 7 percent of Orange County residents".[40]

Housing

Housing construction in Fontana, looking northeast along Interstate 15 during 2007. Since 1980, the city's population has grown by 170,000.

Since the 1950s, the area has changed from a rural to a suburban environment. The region now comprises numerous cities known as

suburban sprawl as local interest and zoning laws may quickly change from one city to the next city.[41] The Inland Empire was declared the nation's worst example of sprawl according to a study by Smart Growth America in 2002.[42][43]

During the housing bubble collapse of the late 2000s, foreclosures rose by 3,500 percent.[44] In 2010, the area ranked fourth in the nation in the number of foreclosures, with one filing for every 133 households.[45] The problem of abandoned homes became so great that the city of Perris initiated a program to paint the brown lawns of abandoned homes green as a way to reduce the appearance of blight.[46]

In 2019, the "bedroom community" nature of the Inland Empire led to a plan to increase the construction of new housing in coastal cities (known as "job centers") preferentially versus building more housing in the Inland Empire areas. Meghan Sahli-Wells, mayor of Culver City, said that she supported the coastal plan because of the urgent nature of climate change. However, the plan was described as "toothless".[47]

The attractiveness of Inland Empire cities for warehousing and logistics has resulted in warehouses being built incrementally closer and closer to residential areas. With air pollution from diesel-powered transport trucks being a serious and cumulative concern for human health, an effort was made to impose a 1,000-foot buffer zone (separation distance between residential and commercial land uses) for new construction. However, this effort was not successful, due to local municipal officials giving priority to maximizing the construction of both housing and warehouse facilities, with the goal of maximizing employment as well as property-tax revenue from both the residential and the commercial/industrial sectors.[48]

Retail

Retailing in the area has increased to try to keep abreast with the growing suburban population. The region is home to several large shopping malls, including the Promenade Shops at Dos Lagos and the Crossings in

San Bernardino. In fiscal year 2006, retail sales in San Bernardino County grew by 11.9 percent to $31.2 billion, while sales in Riverside County were up 11.3 percent to $29.6 billion.[49]

Panorama of the "Town Square" at Victoria Gardens in Rancho Cucamonga

Environmental quality

Santa Ana Winds that lead to generally clear days, free of smog or the marine layer. Note how the street that "faded" into the smoggy haze and the Santa Ana Mountains
that were completely obscured in the adjacent image are now visible.

The result of this ongoing development has resulted in greater homeownership for the region. Although the region saw an uptick in jobs over the past decade, it is not a heavy employment center, and many residents commute to Los Angeles and Orange counties for their work. With a lack of substantial public transportation in the Greater Los Angeles Area, this has led to

air quality for the Inland Empire.[50] The solution to these problems is not simple. The presence of so many city governments within the Inland Empire, which often have different 'visions' for their own municipalities, means that two cities in the region rarely agree on a solution; just as common, they may have unequal means for implementing one even if they were to agree. Having no region-wide governmental planning organization may undermine any solution that could be proposed. Lastly, the fast pace at which development occurs versus the limited ability of government to respond to changes means that it could easily take years, if not decades, for a viable solution (such as new roads, transit systems, or pollution controls) to go into effect.[51]

Air pollution

The Inland Empire routinely has some of the worst air quality in the United States. San Bernardino County and Riverside County are the first and second worst counties in the United States for tropospheric ozone air pollution.[52] Pollution in Southern California mostly is blown from the coast towards the mountains. Inland Empire counties are downwind of the highly populated counties of Los Angeles and Orange County. The largest sources of air pollution affecting the Inland Empire include off-road equipment (e.g., construction equipment, cargo-handling equipment), heavy-duty diesel trucks, ocean-going vessels, passenger vehicles, locomotives, aircraft, and industrial fuel combustion.[53] Southern California is in extreme nonattainment for ozone and severe nonattainment for particle pollution.

Multiple state and local efforts are underway to clean up the air, primarily focused on zero emissions vehicles. California has implemented some of the most aggressive vehicle electrification rules in the country, including the Advanced Clean Cars II rule that will mandate 100% zero-emission passenger vehicle sales in 2035, [54] and the Advanced Clean Fleets rule for trucks that will require all drayage trucks to be zero-emissions starting in 2024 and all trucks to ZEV by 2036. [55]

Water pollution

Water pollution has also been found in the Santa Ana River and Cajon wash, and pollutants from the March Air Reserve Base and Stringfellow Acid Pits have contaminated groundwater in parts of Riverside County.[19] In 1997, perchlorate, a chemical used to produce explosives, was discovered to be seeping into the groundwater under Rialto in a plume that continues to grow. In 2007, the Rialto city council petitioned the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for Superfund status to clean up the origin site. The sites comprising March Air Reserve Base, Norton Air Force Base and the Stringfellow Acid Pits have already been classified as EPA Superfund toxic waste sites.[56]

Transportation

I-10I-215 Interchange traffic, south of downtown San Bernardino

auto accidents per capita.[57]

According to a 1999 report by the Surface Transportation Policy Project, the Inland Empire leads in fatal crashes caused by road rage.[58][59] The theft of copper, brass and other metals from highway and road fixtures has also led to decreased public safety on IE roads and freeways.[60] Gas siphoning has also been noted as a problem for vehicles left unattended in the region.[61]

Public transportation

sbX Green Line's Civic Center station in downtown San Bernardino
sbX Hospitality West Station, downtown San Bernardino

The Inland Empire does not have a particularly extensive or robust

public transportation system. Due to the large physical size and sprawl of the region, the primary means of transportation in the region is the automobile. Less than five percent of the IE's 1,249,224 working-age residents use public transportation to get to work.[62]

MBTA
serving the Morongo Basin and Yucca Valley portions of San Bernardino County.

Although transit usage and infrastructure remains weak, several projects have moved forward and opened in the 2010s to improve transit accessibility in the region. Major projects include the Perris Valley portion of the Metrolink 91/Perris Valley Line, the San Bernardino Transit Center, and the Omnitrans

Due to the physical size of the Inland Empire, transit connections between the nodes of the region are primarily served by freeway express services. Transit operators of the IE provide service between major destinations and transit centers around Southern California including the San Bernardino Transit Center, the Montclair Transcenter, Disneyland, Pomona–Downtown station, and Oceanside.

The region is also part of the five-county Southern California Regional Rail Authority (SCRRA) "Metrolink" commuter rail system. Of the seven lines that Metrolink operates, four of them directly serve the Inland Empire:

  • San Bernardino Line: provides daily service from San Bernardino to Los Angeles (busiest route of the system)
  • 91/Perris Valley Line: provides weekday service from Perris to Los Angeles and weekend service between Riverside and Los Angeles
  • Riverside Line: provides weekday commuter service from downtown Riverside to Los Angeles
  • Inland Empire-Orange County Line: provides daily service from San Bernardino to Oceanside in San Diego County

Future projects

Although a robust transit network has been lacking in the region for decades, steps are being made toward developing one in the future. The councils of governments and transportation commissions in both IE counties have identified and are working on future expansions of transit to better serve the region. These include the sbX West Valley Connector,[65][66] Arrow, the extension of the L Line to Montclair (to become part of the A Line), and daily train service to the Coachella Valley.[67] Additional routes have also been studied including extending the Metrolink's Perris Valley Line to San Jacinto and Temecula,[68] a passenger rail spur along I-15 to Lake Elsinore,[69] BRT routes throughout the respective service areas of Omnitrans and RTA,[70] and an aerial tram from Highland to Big Bear.[71]

The Inland Empire is the chosen route for connecting California High-Speed Rail service to San Diego. While a final alignment has yet to be finalized, concepts include stops at the Ontario International Airport, in Riverside, San Bernardino, Corona, and Temecula or Murrieta. These would occur as part of Phase II, however, which currently remains unfunded.[72][73][74]

Airports

Several airports are located in the Inland Empire.

joint powers agency has redeveloped the decommissioned Norton Air Force Base into San Bernardino International Airport
. There are also several general aviation airports in the region.

Airport IATA code ICAO code County
Ontario International Airport ONT KONT San Bernardino
Palm Springs International Airport PSP KPSP Riverside
San Bernardino International Airport SBD KSBD San Bernardino

Active transportation

The region is making some progress in developing dedicated bicycle commuter and recreation trails. The largest of these, the

Pacific Electric Railway from Claremont to Rialto.[76] A number of communities have also built trails along the levees and maintenance roads of other waterways in the region, including the CV Link
, which is under construction in the Coachella Valley area of the region. Other plans also exist to provide feeder trails to meet the main backbones such as the PE Trail and provide a network of connectivity to nonmotorized users throughout the region.

Demographics

The majority of Inland Empire’s immigrants come from Mexico, the Philippines, El Salvador, Vietnam and Guatemala.[77]

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
190045,826
191091,40299.5%
1920123,69835.3%
1930214,92473.7%
1940266,63224.1%
1950451,68869.4%
1960809,78279.3%
19701,143,14641.2%
19801,558,18236.3%
19902,588,79366.1%
20003,254,82125.7%
20104,224,85129.8%
20204,599,8398.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[78]
1790–1960[79] 1900–1990[80]
1990–2000[81]

The population of the

Asian
and 25.0 percent of other or mixed race. 43.9 percent were Hispanic of any race. 21.9 percent of the population was foreign born.

There is a large Mexican community in Inland Empire. Filipinos are the largest Asian immigrant group in Inland Empire.[83]

The

obese. In 2019, San Bernardino County found that 34.1% of the county's population were obese, with an additional 34.5% being overweight.[84]

A substantial majority of residents (76.6 percent), last comparatively surveyed in 2001, rated their respective counties as good places to live. Over 81 percent of Riverside County residents indicated that their county is a very good or fairly good place to live, while about 72 percent of residents in San Bernardino County felt the same way. Survey respondents cited "nice living area", "good climate", and "affordable housing" as the top positive factors in assessing their respective communities. Smog was by far the most important negative factor affecting respondents' ratings in both counties, while traffic was the second highest concern in Riverside County and crime the second highest concern among San Bernardino County residents.[85]

Politics

While the region as a whole had traditionally leaned more Republican than the rest of California, newer[when?] residents are less likely to identify with the Republican party than longer-term residents (36 percent to 42 percent), and the total number of residents identifying with the Democrats (34 percent) slightly edged over the number identifying with the Republican party (33 percent).

In the

Los Angeles County or the San Francisco Bay Area
.

non-Hispanic Blacks have the highest participation rates for nearly every type of political activity, while Latinos and Asian Americans lag significantly behind those groups in terms of volunteerism and organizational membership. The 2006 immigration protests have significantly boosted political participation among Latinos.[86]

Religion

The Redlands California Temple is one of four LDS temples in Southern California.

Many faiths and denominations are found and represented in the area. The Roman Catholic parishes in the region belong to the church's Diocese of San Bernardino.[87]

Loma Linda and Redlands near San Bernardino. Mormons also have congregations in the High Desert region.[citation needed] Seventh-day Adventists operate Loma Linda University.[88]

The Inland Empire has a

Sun City neighborhood of Menifee. According to the United Jewish Citizens of the Desert, the Coachella Valley has an estimated 20,000 American Jews, one of California's largest Jewish communities, as a result of being a major retirement destination.[89]

There are also some fast-growing Muslim communities with around 30,000 American Muslims in 2019, mostly concentrated around the UCR campus in Riverside, Irvine and central Corona. All locations have well-established Islamic Centers gathering faith members for weekly Juma prayers as well as other Islamic holidays.

Crime

While the

San Bernardino has a crime index consistently near or over twice that of the national average.[90][91][92][93] Reflecting nationwide trends, violent crime in the region overall declined or remained consistent in 2009, despite the recession. In the city of Riverside, 10 homicides occurred in 2005, down from 24 in 2003, its highest total since 2003. All but three cases resulted in arrests. In San Bernardino, by contrast, 58 killings occurred in 2005, but only a third of cases in San Bernardino led to arrests, due to a lack of witness cooperation in that city.[94]

Latino gangs have been active in the region since the area's citrus days while a continual migration of numerous African American gangs from the inner city of South LA have flowed into the region since the

1992 Los Angeles Riots.[9][95] The increased diversity in the region between 1990 and 2000 is also associated with a 20 percent increase in hate crime in the same period, mostly ascribed to increased gang activity.[96][97] According to data from the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting program, taken together, Riverside and San Bernardino counties showed a total of 51,237 crimes reported to county police/sheriffs (but not to city or other agencies) in 2006; this combined total exceeded the totals for all other California counties – considered individually – except for Sacramento.[98]

The region has also been noted as a center of methamphetamine drug production.[99] The Riverside and San Bernardino county sheriffs' departments busted 635 meth labs in 2000; law enforcement has driven most of the meth production industry to Mexico since 2007, but many of the homes discovered to have been used as meth labs before 2006 have since been sold on the market before California law required rigorous decontamination, leading to a legacy of health hazards for unsuspecting renters and home-buyers in the area.[100]

In 2016 federal crime statistics stated that San Bernardino was ranked the most dangerous city in California.[101]

Education

California State University, San Bernardino
University of California, Riverside

There is a trend of lower educational attainment in the IE, which starts early. Only 37 percent of 3- and 4-year-olds in the region are enrolled in

CSUSB President Al Karnig, "We have a very low college attendance rate that is scantly above half of what the average is in other states. We have only have about 20 percent college graduates in the Inland Empire while the average in other states is 38 percent."[102][103] 21 inland area high schools rank in the top 100 in California for producing dropouts.[104]

Of Inland Empire residents 25 years and over in 2004, 44.4 percent of Asians had bachelor's or higher degrees, and nearly 70 percent had at least attended college. 21.3 percent of Blacks had a bachelor's degree or higher, and 65.2 percent had either a community degree or had attended college. 22.8 percent of Whites had a bachelor's degree or higher, and 60.8 percent had attended college. Of Hispanics, 6.9 percent had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 30.2 percent attended college.[105]

Among students transferring from Inland community colleges to private schools in 2004–05, the most frequent choice was the University of Phoenix.[106]

Employment

While the Inland Empire led the state in job-growth with 275,000 new jobs between 1990 and 2000, most are in comparatively low-tech fields. San Bernardino and Riverside counties are primarily host to

public transportation to get to work each day. 14.5% carpool, while 79.7% typically drive alone to work in their cars.[62]

In 2007, the region had an unemployment rate of 6.1%, while overall jobless claims in California were at 5.4% and 4.4% nationally.[108] In 2008, unemployment in the area increased to 9.5%, at a time when the state average was 8.2% and the national average approximately 6.5%.[109] Unemployment reached an all-time high of 15% in 2010, second in the nation only to Detroit among metropolitan areas with populations over 1 million.[110]

County 2016 estimate 2010 census Change Area Density
Riverside County, California 2,387,741 2,189,641 +9.05% 7,206.47 sq mi (18,664.7 km2) 331/sq mi (128/km2)
San Bernardino County, California 2,140,096 2,035,210 +5.15% 20,056.92 sq mi (51,947.2 km2) 107/sq mi (41/km2)
Total 4,527,837 4,224,851 +7.17% 27,263.39 sq mi (70,611.9 km2) 166/sq mi (64/km2)

Culture

Devore, San Bernardino
, 2007

The Inland Empire sits adjacent to the

amphitheater.[citation needed] San Bernardino's "Route 66 Rendezvous (the largest classical carshow in the US)", an annual street fair and classic car show, draws a half-million people from around the world.[112] The Palm Springs Aerial Tramway
in Palm Springs is a popular attraction, rising to more than 8500 feet.

Music

At 330 feet (100 m) high, the Morongo Casino, Resort & Spa tower is the tallest building in the Inland Empire. Concerts and events are booked inside.

Established bands from the IE include

Hip hop community in and around the region. The Jerkin' street dance culture originated from the Inland Empire-based hip-hop groups New Boyz and Audio Push. A number of artists associated with the Palm Desert Scene forged the genre of desert rock as well as playing a large role in the genre of stoner rock. A Danish record label, Musikministeriet, recently opened up an office in Redlands in hopes of further cultivating the IE music scene.[113]

Frank Zappa performed in Upland on Foothill Boulevard during the early 1960s where he played shows on a makeshift stage for college crowds. Zappa also purchased Pal Recording Studio on Archibald Avenue in Rancho Cucamonga where the Surfaris had recorded the surf music classic "Wipe Out". He dubbed it Studio Z and began making recordings that eventually led to the founding of Zappa's group The Mothers of Invention. Until his death in December 2012, singer Ray Collins of the Mothers of Invention lived in the area. Zappa mentions the Inland Empire in the song "Billy the Mountain".

From the late 80s until the late 90s, many up-and-coming musical acts, such as Rage Against the Machine, Blink-182 and No Doubt cut their teeth playing venues in Riverside.[114] These historic venues (Spanky's Cafe and the De Anza Theatre) have since been closed and converted to other purposes. The Barn at UCR was closed as a music venue for 10 years but beginning in October 2008 KUCR Radio 88.3 FM, ASPB The Associated Student Program Board with funding from UCR Housing began having a free concert series once a week during the school quarter. Emerging music venues in the IE include the Showcase Theatre in Corona (recently closed), Red Planet Records in Riverside (now Rathole Records), the Vault in Redlands, the Buffalo Inn and The Wire (now closed) in Upland, the Twins Club in Rancho Cucamonga, the Press Restaurant in Claremont, the Glass House in Pomona, Back To The Grind Coffee Shop in Riverside, Liam's Irish Pub in Colton, and CommonGround Soundstage in Riverside.[115]

Performing arts

California Theatre in downtown San Bernardino

Orchestras in the IE include the Redlands Symphony, which performs at the

Barbershop Quartet productions.[116]

Sports

Inland Empire 66ers playing at San Manuel Stadium in downtown San Bernardino

The Inland Empire is the largest metropolitan area in the United States without a major professional sports team. However, it is part of the Greater Los Angeles area which includes teams in Los Angeles and Orange counties. The area is home to numerous minor league baseball, basketball, and ice hockey teams. The Inland Empire team with the most championships is the Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino, who won their most recent championship in 2013.[117][118]

The Auto Club Speedway, located in Fontana, opened in 1997. It contains an oval, a road course, and a dragstrip for auto racing. The Speedway is located approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) from the former Ontario Motor Speedway site, the latter of which is currently the site of the Toyota Arena. The Riverside International Raceway, another defunct motorsport venue, was located about 7 miles (11 km) east of Riverside.

Club League Sport Venue Founded Titles
Inland Empire 66ers
Low-A West
Baseball San Manuel Stadium 1941 6
Lake Elsinore Storm
Low-A West
Baseball Lake Elsinore Diamond 1994 2
Rancho Cucamonga Quakes
Low-A West
Baseball LoanMart Field 1993 1
High Desert Yardbirds Pecos League Baseball
Stater Bros. Stadium
in Adelanto
2017 0
Ontario Clippers NBA G League Basketball Toyota Arena 2017 0
Ontario Reign American Hockey League Ice hockey Toyota Arena 2015 0
Ontario Fury
MASL
Indoor soccer Toyota Arena 2013 0
SoCal SC NPSL Soccer San Bernardino Soccer Complex 2016 0
Redlands FC
USL2
Soccer Dodge Stadium 2022 0

In college sports, the Inland Empire features five four-year institutions that represent all three

NCAA divisions, as well as the NAIA
.

Program School Location Division Main conference
California Baptist Lancers California Baptist University Riverside NCAA Division I Western Athletic Conference
UC Riverside Highlanders University of California, Riverside Riverside NCAA Division I Big West Conference
Cal State San Bernardino Coyotes California State University, San Bernardino
San Bernardino
NCAA Division II California Collegiate Athletic Association
Redlands Bulldogs University of Redlands Redlands NCAA Division III Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
La Sierra Golden Eagles La Sierra University Riverside NAIA California Pacific Conference

Media

Newspapers

The Inland Empire is served by four major local newspapers:

There is also an Inland Empire edition of the Los Angeles Times. For the segments of the Inland Empire surrounding San Bernardino and Riverside cities, regional newspapers include:

Radio

The Inland Empire is ranked 26th (June 2008) in the national radio market as a stand-alone market. When combined with the Greater Los Angeles Area, it is part of the second largest radio market.[119]

Format stations Public and college Talk radio
KOLA-FM 99.9 Classics KVCR-FM 91.9 NPR KCAA-AM 1050 NBC Radio
KFRG-FM
95.1 Country
KUCR-FM 88.3 UC Riverside KTIE-AM 590 Conservative talk
KHTI-FM
103.9 Adult Top 40
KCAL-FM 96.7 Rock
KUOR-FM
89.1 NPR
KMET-AM 1490 Conservative
KGGI-FM 99.1 Hip-Hop/R&B
KLRD-FM 90.1 Christian contemporary

Due to the various mountain ranges including San Bernardino, San Gabriel, and Idyllwild, it may be difficult to receive a single station throughout the entire Inland Empire area without interference.

Television

PBS member station KVCR-TV[120] broadcasts directly to the Inland Empire.[121] The station covers all of Riverside County and San Bernardino County with some Los Angeles area overlap. The station is located on the campus of San Bernardino Valley College. In addition to PBS and original, local content, First Nations Experience (FNX),[122] KVCR's sister station, also broadcasts programming about the indigenous peoples and Native Americans to the Inland Empire.

The current TLC TV series Dr. Pimple Popper, a spin-off of the YouTube channel of dermatologist Sandra Lee, is shot mainly at Skin Physicians & Surgeons, a clinic in Upland run by Lee and her husband Jeffrey Rebish, also a dermatologist.[123][124]

Film

While there are no large film production companies or studios based in the Inland Empire, on-location shoots accounted for a total economic impact of $65.2 million in the two-county region in 2006.[125] From 1994 to 2005, filming accounted for over a billion dollars ($1,228,977,456) in total revenues spent in the area. Some famous films shot in the Inland Empire include Executive Decision, U Turn, Erin Brockovich, and The Fast and the Furious.[126] Select scenes from the films Tough Guys, Constantine,[127] The Island, and Tenet[128] were also shot in the Inland Empire's ghost town of Eagle Mountain.

While the 2006 David Lynch film Inland Empire is named after the region, no scenes were actually shot in the Inland Empire.[4]

Ann Lerner,

Albuquerque's film liaison, told the L.A. Times about the AMC cable TV series Breaking Bad producers wanted to film the series in California's Inland Empire but switched to New Mexico because of New Mexico's tax incentives.[129]

Shot Caller (2017) has scenes set in the Inland Empire, called "I.E." in the film.

Incorporated cities

Riverside County
cities[130]
Year
incorporated
Population,
2020
Median income,
2018
Banning 1913 31,125 $41,038
Beaumont 1912 51,475 $78,111
Blythe 1916 19,255 $43,141
Calimesa 1990 9,329 $53,366
Canyon Lake 1990 11,000 $97,237
Cathedral City 1981 53,580 $46,370
Coachella 1946 47,186 $33,870
Corona 1896 168,248 $86,790
Desert Hot Springs 1963 29,660 $34,814
Eastvale 2010 66,413 $114,230
Hemet 1910 85,175 $39,653
Indian Wells 1967 5,403 $104,522
Indio 1930 90,751 $74,774
Jurupa Valley 2011 107,083 $76,090
La Quinta 1982 40,660 $79,889
Lake Elsinore 1888 63,453 $77,090
Menifee 2008 97,093 $77,033
Moreno Valley 1984 208,838 $65,449
Murrieta 1991 115,561 $100,080
Norco 1964 27,564 $95,441
Palm Desert 1973 52,986 $57,578
Palm Springs 1938 47,427 $50,361
Perris 1911 80,201 $66,545
Rancho Mirage 1973 19,114 $71,227
Riverside 1883 328,155 $71,967
San Jacinto 1888 51,028 $50,483
Temecula 1989 111,970 $95,918
Wildomar 2008 37,183 $73,282
San Bernardino County
cities[130]
Year
incorporated
Population,
2020
Median income,
2018
Adelanto 1970 35,663 $40,018
Apple Valley 1988 74,394 $51,314
Barstow 1947 24,268 $39,585
Big Bear Lake 1981 5,206 $51,014
Chino 1910 89,109 $87,090
Chino Hills 1991 82,409 $103,473
Colton 1887 54,118 $50,063
Fontana 1952 213,000 $80,800
Grand Terrace 1978 12,426 $66,912
Hesperia 1988 96,393 $50,271
Highland 1987 55,323 $59,395
Loma Linda 1970 24,535 $53,371
Montclair 1956 39,490 $58,012
Needles 1913 5,248 $31,843
Ontario 1891 182,871 $75,266
Rancho Cucamonga 1977 175,522 $92,773
Redlands 1888 70,952 $72,410
Rialto 1911 104,553 $70,188
San Bernardino 1854 217,946 $49,721
Twentynine Palms 1987 29,258 $41,668
Upland 1906 78,814 $82,426
Victorville 1962 126,432 $60,391
Yucaipa 1989 55,712 $63,657
Yucca Valley 1991 22,236 $45,277

See also

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External links