Road signs in Russia

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Road signs in Nizhny Novgorod

Road signs in Russia are governed by the traffic rules approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1090 of 23 October 1993 “On the Rules of the Road”, Appendix 1 “Road Signs”.[1] They are regulated by the ГОСТ Р 52289-2019[2] and ГОСТ Р 52290-2004[3] standards determining the rules for the use and production of road signs. The vast majority of road signs used in Russia were in the preceding Soviet standard ГОСТ 10807-78,[4][5] which was introduced in the Soviet Union on January 1, 1980 before its dissolution in 1991 and is no longer valid in Russia since January 1, 2006 after it was replaced by the modern standard ГОСТ Р 52290-2004 for road signs.[6] Road signs generally conform to the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. Similar road signs are also used in other post-Soviet states.

The state importance roads have different indexes, each stand for the respective letter of Cyrillic.[7]

Index Examples Russian meaning Meaning
M M 1 Москва The М index indicates roads connecting the capital city Moscow with other major cities of Russia
P R 22 Регион The Р index indicates roads connecting cities between regions, but do not connect with Moscow
А A 183 The А index indicates roads leading to a major transport hub, railway, sea, river aviation, to a road border crossing. The А index also denotes roads connecting two federal highways
E E95 Европейский The E index indicates
European routes
passing through Russia
AH AH6 The AH index indicates Asian routes passing through Russia[8]

The official typeface of road signs in Russian is specified in the ГОСТ Р 52290-2004 standard, formerly the ГОСТ 10807-78 Soviet standard. However, Arial is often used on road signs instead of one specified in the ГОСТ Р 52290-2004.

According to the ГОСТ Р 52290-2004 standard, modern road signs in Russia are divided into 8 categories:

# Category name Category name (in Russian)
1 Warning signs Предупреждающие знаки
2 Priority signs Знаки приоритета
3 Prohibitory signs Запрещающие знаки
4 Mandatory signs Предписывающие знаки
5 Special regulations signs Знаки особых предписаний
6 Information signs Информационные знаки
7 Service signs Знаки сервиса
8 Additional signs (plates) Знаки дополнительной информации (таблички)

History

The world's first road signs were approved at an international conference of motorists in 1909; among the participants were the Russian Empire. There were four road signs of that time and all of them were round: "uneven surface", "crossroads", "bends", and "railway crossing". New road signs and signals were officially adopted already in the USSR on December 1, 1927. In 1933, the number of road signs in the USSR was increased to 23 and they received the current shapes and colours, and for the first time they were divided into three categories: "warning", "prohibition" and "indicative". The following changes and additions regarding road signs were adopted on January 1, 1961, after the USSR joined the Geneva Convention on Road Traffic in 1959. The number of road signs has increased to 36. All signs received a yellow background. In 1968, the Convention on Road Traffic and Road Signs and Signals was created in Vienna. On November 8, 1968, the Soviet Union signed the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, and on June 7, 1974 ratified it.[9][10] The Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals was issued in all 6 official languages of the United Nations, including Russian, due to the fact that the Russian Federation (until December 1991 the Soviet Union) is a permanent member of the UN Security Council. New rules of the road, as well as road signs adopted by this convention, entered into force in the USSR in 1973. Subsequently, changes and additions to the rules of the road, road signs and signals were made in 1975, 1976, 1979, 1980, 1984 and 1987.[11]

Currently, the most common signs are made on a metal substrate covered with a reflective film. Signs that are illuminated around the perimeter or along the contour of the image of the sign, made using miniature incandescent lamps or LEDs, have become slightly widespread.

On January 1, 2006, the modern standard ГОСТ Р 52290-2004 for road signs was introduced in Russia, completely replacing the Soviet standard ГОСТ 10807-78.[6] New road signs were introduced in the ГОСТ Р 52290-2004 standard:

  • Three new warning signs:
    • "Speed bump" (Russian: Искусственная неровность);
    • "Dangerous roadside" (Russian: Опасная обочина);
    • "Congestion" (Russian: Затор).
  • A new prohibitory sign "Control" (Russian: Контроль) prohibiting passage without stopping at checkpoints is used instead of a stop sign.
  • Images of mandatory signs "Turn right" (Russian: Движение направо) and "Turn left" (Russian: Движение налево) modified by replacing straight arrows used during the Soviet era with 90-degree ones. An approximately similar situation occurred in Belarus, when the standard СТБ 1140-99 was amended.
  • A new category "Special regulations signs" (Russian: Знаки особых предписаний) with new road signs:
    • "Number of lanes" (Russian: Число полос);
    • "Restricted parking zone" (Russian: Зона с ограничением стоянки);
    • "End of restricted parking zone" (Russian: Конец зоны с ограничением стоянки);
    • "Regulated parking zone" (Russian: Зона регулируемой стоянки);
    • "End of regulated parking zone" (Russian: Конец зоны регулируемой стоянки);
    • "Maximum speed limit zone" (Russian: Зона с ограничением максимальной скорости);
    • "End of maximum speed limited zone" (Russian: Конец зоны с ограничением максимальной скорости);
    • "Pedestrian zone" (Russian: Пешеходная зона);
    • "End of the pedestrian zone" (Russian: Конец пешеходной зоны).
  • A new sign indicating general speed limits in Russia (Russian: Общие ограничения максимальной скорости) introduced.
  • New service road signs "Reception area of a radio station transmitting traffic information" (Russian: Зона приема радиостанции, передающей информацию о дорожном движении) and "Radio communication area with emergency services" (Russian: Зона радиосвязи с аварийными службами) were introduced in connection with the development of mobile radio communications in Russia.
  • New additional signs (tables) indicating various obstacles on the road (refuge islands, traffic islands, etc.).

In June 2018, in connection with the preparations for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia, a new prohibition road sign "No buses allowed" (Russian: Движение автобусов запрещено) was introduced. This sign was used as a temporary sign from June 1 to July 17, 2018 during the 2018 FIFA World Cup and after the end of the World Cup, the sign was retired.[12][13] However, from March 1, 2023, this sign was reintroduced, but now on a permanent basis.[14] This is due to changes in the Rules of the Road in Russia that came into force on March 1, 2023, in particular, the speed limit for buses was introduced.[15]

In February 2019, the traffic police supported proposals for the introduction of reduced road signs, the idea was initiated by the Moscow government. They are planned to be installed throughout Russia after a successful experiment. The allowable size of signs will be reduced to 40 cm (16 inches) in diameter, and in some cases to 35 cm (14 inches), which is almost half the current standard of 60 cm (24 inches).[16]

On March 1, 2023, a new prohibition road sign "No personal mobility devices"[17] (Russian: Движение на средствах индивидуальной мобильности запрещено) was introduced.[18] It prohibits personal mobility devices such as electric scooters, electric skateboards, hoverboards, or segways. Earlier in October 2022, a similar sign prohibiting the movement of electric scooters was introduced in Belarus due to changes in the traffic rules of Belarus, which came into force on October 27, 2022.[19]

Warning signs

  • Railway crossing with a barrier
    Railway crossing with a barrier
  • Railway crossing without a barrier
    Railway crossing without a barrier
  • Single-track railway
    Single-track railway
  • Multi-track railway
    Multi-track railway
  • Approaching a railway crossing
    Approaching a railway crossing
  • Approaching a railway crossing
    Approaching a railway crossing
  • Approaching a railway crossing
    Approaching a railway crossing
  • Approaching a railway crossing
    Approaching a railway crossing
  • Approaching a railway crossing
    Approaching a railway crossing
  • Approaching a railway crossing
    Approaching a railway crossing
  • Tramway crossing
    Tramway crossing
  • Intersection of equivalent roads
    Intersection of equivalent roads
  • Roundabout
    Roundabout
  • Traffic signals
    Traffic signals
  • Drawbridge
    Drawbridge
  • Exit to an embankment
    Exit to an embankment
  • Dangerous curve
    Dangerous curve
  • Dangerous curve
    Dangerous curve
  • Dangerous curves
    Dangerous curves
  • Dangerous curves
    Dangerous curves
  • Steep descent
    Steep descent
  • Steep ascent
    Steep ascent
  • Slippery road
    Slippery road
  • Rough road
    Rough road
  • Speed bump
    Speed bump
  • Gravel surface
    Gravel surface
  • Dangerous roadside
    Dangerous roadside
  • Road narrows ahead
    Road narrows ahead
  • Road narrows on the right
    Road narrows on the right
  • Road narrows on the left
    Road narrows on the left
  • Two-way traffic
    Two-way traffic
  • Pedestrian crossing
    Pedestrian crossing
  • Children
    Children
  • Bicycle path intersection
    Bicycle path intersection
  • Roadworks
    Roadworks
  • Cattle
    Cattle
  • Wild animals
    Wild animals
  • Rockfall
    Rockfall
  • Crosswind
    Crosswind
  • Low-flying aircraft
    Low-flying aircraft
  • Tunnel
    Tunnel
  • Congestion
    Congestion
  • Other hazards
    Other hazards
  • Hazard chevron
    Hazard chevron
  • Hazard chevron
    Hazard chevron
  • Hazard chevron
    Hazard chevron
  • Hazard chevron
    Hazard chevron
  • Hazard chevron
    Hazard chevron
  • Hazard chevron
    Hazard chevron
  • Hazard chevron
    Hazard chevron
  • Hazard chevron
    Hazard chevron
  • Box junction
    Box junction

Priority signs

  • Priority road
    Priority road
  • End of the priority road
    End of the priority road
  • Minor road four-way intersection
    Minor road four-way intersection
  • Minor road three-way intersection
    Minor road three-way intersection
  • Minor road three-way intersection
    Minor road three-way intersection
  • Minor road three-way intersection
    Minor road three-way intersection
  • Minor road three-way intersection
    Minor road three-way intersection
  • Minor road three-way intersection
    Minor road three-way intersection
  • Minor road three-way intersection
    Minor road three-way intersection
  • Give way
    Give way
  • Stop
    Stop
  • Priority of oncoming traffic
    Priority of oncoming traffic
  • Priority over oncoming traffic
    Priority over oncoming traffic

Prohibitory signs

  • Entry prohibited
    Entry prohibited
  • Traffic prohibited
    Traffic prohibited
  • No motor vehicles
    No motor vehicles
  • No lorries
    No lorries
  • No motorcycles
    No motorcycles
  • No tractors
    No tractors
  • No vehicles with trailer
    No vehicles with trailer
  • No horse-drawn carts
    No horse-drawn carts
  • No cycling
    No cycling
  • No pedestrians
    No pedestrians
  • Vehicle weight limit
    Vehicle weight limit
  • Weight per axle limit
    Weight per axle limit
  • Height limit
    Height limit
  • Width limit
    Width limit
  • Length limit
    Length limit
  • Minimum distance limit
    Minimum distance limit
  • Customs
    Customs
  • Danger
    Danger
  • Control
    Control
  • No right turn
    No right turn
  • No left turn
    No left turn
  • No U-turn
    No U-turn
  • No overtaking
    No overtaking
  • End of overtaking restriction
    End of overtaking restriction
  • No overtaking by lorries
    No overtaking by lorries
  • End of overtaking by lorries restriction
    End of overtaking by lorries restriction
  • Maximum speed limit
    Maximum speed limit
  • End of maximum speed limit
    End of maximum speed limit
  • No beeping
    No beeping
  • No stopping
    No stopping
  • No parking
    No parking
  • No parking on odd days of the month
    No parking on odd days of the month
  • No parking on even days of the month
    No parking on even days of the month
  • End of all restrictions
    End of all restrictions
  • No vehicles with dangerous goods
    No vehicles with dangerous goods
  • No vehicles with explosive and flammable loads
    No vehicles with explosive and flammable loads
  • No buses
    No buses
  • No personal mobility devices
    No personal mobility devices

Mandatory signs

  • Go straight
    Go straight
  • Go right
    Go right
  • Go left
    Go left
  • Go straight or right
    Go straight or right
  • Go straight or left
    Go straight or left
  • Go right or left
    Go right or left
  • Detour on the right
    Detour on the right
  • Detour on the left
    Detour on the left
  • Detour on the right or left
    Detour on the right or left
  • Direction of roundabout traffic
    Direction of roundabout traffic
  • Cycle path
    Cycle path
  • End of a cycle path
    End of a cycle path
  • Footpath
    Footpath
  • Shared-use path
  • End of shared-use path
    End of shared-use path
  • Segregated pedestrian and cycle path
    Segregated pedestrian and cycle path
  • Segregated pedestrian and cycle path
    Segregated pedestrian and cycle path
  • End of segregated pedestrian and cycle path
    End of segregated pedestrian and cycle path
  • End of segregated pedestrian and cycle path
    End of segregated pedestrian and cycle path
  • Minimum speed limit
    Minimum speed limit
  • End of minimum speed limit
    End of minimum speed limit
  • Direction of movement of vehicles with dangerous goods
    Direction of movement of vehicles with dangerous goods
  • Direction of movement of vehicles with dangerous goods
    Direction of movement of vehicles with dangerous goods
  • Direction of movement of vehicles with dangerous goods
    Direction of movement of vehicles with dangerous goods

Special regulations signs

  • Motorway
    Motorway
  • End of motorway
    End of motorway
  • Road for cars
    Road for cars
  • End of road for cars
    End of road for cars
  • One-way road
    One-way road
  • End of one-way road
    End of one-way road
  • Exit to a one-way road
    Exit to a one-way road
  • Exit to a one-way road
    Exit to a one-way road
  • Reversible lane
    Reversible lane
  • End of reversible lane
    End of reversible lane
  • Reversible lane
    Reversible lane
  • Road with a contraflow bus lane
    Road with a contraflow bus lane
  • Road with a contraflow cycle lane
    Road with a contraflow cycle lane
  • End of road with a contraflow bus lane
    End of road with a contraflow bus lane
  • End of road with a contraflow cycle lane
    End of road with a contraflow cycle lane
  • Exit to road with a contraflow bus lane
    Exit to road with a contraflow bus lane
  • Exit to road with a contraflow bus lane
    Exit to road with a contraflow bus lane
  • Exit to road with a contraflow cycle lane
    Exit to road with a contraflow cycle lane
  • Exit to road with a contraflow cycle lane
    Exit to road with a contraflow cycle lane
  • Bus lane
    Bus lane
  • Cycle lane
    Cycle lane
  • End of bus lane
    End of bus lane
  • End of cycle lane
    End of cycle lane
  • Lane directions
    Lane directions
  • Lane directions
    Lane directions
  • Lane directions
    Lane directions
  • Lane directions
    Lane directions
  • Lane directions
    Lane directions
  • Lane directions
    Lane directions
  • The beginning of the lane
    The beginning of the lane
  • The beginning of the lane
    The beginning of the lane
  • The beginning of the lane
    The beginning of the lane
  • The beginning of the lane
    The beginning of the lane
  • The beginning of the lane
    The beginning of the lane
  • End of the lane
    End of the lane
  • End of the lane
    End of the lane
  • Lane direction
    Lane direction
  • Lane direction
    Lane direction
  • Lane direction
    Lane direction
  • Number of lanes
    Number of lanes
  • Bus and/or trolleybus stop location
    Bus and/or trolleybus stop location
  • Tram stop location
    Tram stop location
  • Parking place for passenger taxis
    Parking place for passenger taxis
  • Pedestrian crossing
    Pedestrian crossing
  • Pedestrian crossing
    Pedestrian crossing
  • Speed bump
    Speed bump
  • Residential area
    Residential area
  • End of residential area
    End of residential area
  • Locality begins
    Locality begins
  • Built-up area begins
    Built-up area begins
  • End of locality
    End of locality
  • End of built-up area
    End of built-up area
  • Locality begins
    Locality begins
  • End of locality
    End of locality
  • No parking zone
    No parking zone
  • End of no parking zone
    End of no parking zone
  • Regulated parking zone
    Regulated parking zone
  • End of the regulated parking zone
    End of the regulated parking zone
  • Maximum speed limit zone
    Maximum speed limit zone
  • End of maximum speed limit zone
    End of maximum speed limit zone
  • Pedestrian zone
    Pedestrian zone
  • End of pedestrian zone
    End of pedestrian zone
  • Zone with restriction of ecological class of motor vehicles
    Zone with restriction of ecological class of motor vehicles
  • End of zone with restriction of ecological class of motor vehicles
    End of zone with restriction of ecological class of motor vehicles
  • Zone with restriction of ecological class of trucks
    Zone with restriction of ecological class of trucks
  • Zone with restriction of ecological class of trucks
    Zone with restriction of ecological class of trucks
  • End of zone restriction of ecological class of trucks
    End of zone restriction of ecological class of trucks
  • End of zone restriction of ecological class of trucks
    End of zone restriction of ecological class of trucks
  • Cycle zone
    Cycle zone
  • End of cycle zone
    End of cycle zone

Information signs

  • General maximum speed limits
    General maximum speed limits
  • Recommended speed
    Recommended speed
  • Place for a U-turn
    Place for a U-turn
  • The area for a U-turn
    The area for a U-turn
  • Parking (parking space)
    Parking (parking space)
  • Emergency stop lane
    Emergency stop lane
  • Underground pedestrian crossing
    Underground pedestrian crossing
  • Above ground pedestrian crossing
    Above ground pedestrian crossing
  • Deadlock
    Deadlock
  • Deadlock
    Deadlock
  • Deadlock
    Deadlock
  • Preliminary direction indicator
    Preliminary direction indicator
  • Preliminary direction indicator
    Preliminary direction indicator
  • Preliminary direction indicator
    Preliminary direction indicator
  • Preliminary direction indicator
    Preliminary direction indicator
  • Preliminary direction indicator
    Preliminary direction indicator
  • Preliminary direction indicator
    Preliminary direction indicator
  • Preliminary direction indicator
    Preliminary direction indicator
  • Preliminary direction indicator
    Preliminary direction indicator
  • Traffic scheme
    Traffic scheme
  • Direction indicator
    Direction indicator
  • Direction indicator
    Direction indicator
  • Direction indicator
    Direction indicator
  • Direction indicator
    Direction indicator
  • Direction indicator
    Direction indicator
  • Direction indicator
    Direction indicator
  • Direction indicator
    Direction indicator
  • Name of the object
    Name of the object
  • Name of the object
    Name of the object
  • Name of the object
    Name of the object
  • Distance indicator
    Distance indicator
  • Distance indicator
    Distance indicator
  • Distance indicator
    Distance indicator
  • Kilometer sign
    Kilometer sign
  • Kilometer sign
    Kilometer sign
  • Kilometer sign (Rosavtodor)
    Kilometer sign (
    Rosavtodor
    )
  • Route number
    Route number
  • Route number
    Route number
  • Route number
    Route number
  • Route number
    Route number
  • Route number
    Route number
  • Route number
    Route number
  • Route number
    Route number
  • Direction of movement for trucks
    Direction of movement for trucks
  • Direction of movement for trucks
    Direction of movement for trucks
  • Direction of movement for trucks
    Direction of movement for trucks
  • Stop line
    Stop line
  • Detour scheme
    Detour scheme
  • Detour direction
    Detour direction
  • Detour direction
    Detour direction
  • Detour direction
    Detour direction
  • Preliminary index of the lane change to another carriageway
    Preliminary index of the lane change to another carriageway
  • Preliminary index of the lane change to another carriageway
    Preliminary index of the lane change to another carriageway
  • Emergency exit
    Emergency exit
  • Emergency exit
    Emergency exit
  • Direction of movement to the emergency exit
    Direction of movement to the emergency exit
  • Direction of movement to the emergency exit
    Direction of movement to the emergency exit
  • Photovideofixation
    Photovideofixation

Service signs

  • Point of medical care
    Point of medical care
  • Hospital
    Hospital
  • Gas station
    Gas station
  • Vehicle maintenance
    Vehicle maintenance
  • Car washing
    Car washing
  • Phone
    Phone
  • Food point
    Food point
  • Drinking water
    Drinking water
  • Hotel or motel
    Hotel or motel
  • Camping
    Camping
  • Place of rest
    Place of rest
  • Traffic police post
    Traffic police post
  • Police
    Police
  • Transport control point
    Transport control point
  • Customs control point
    Customs control point
  • Reception area of a radio station transmitting traffic information
    Reception area of a radio station transmitting traffic information
  • Radio communication area with emergency services
    Radio communication area with emergency services
  • Pool or beach
    Pool or beach
  • Toilet
    Toilet
  • Emergency telephone number
    Emergency telephone number
  • Fire extinguisher
    Fire extinguisher
  • Gas station with possibility of charging electric vehicles
    Gas station with possibility of charging electric vehicles

Additional signs (plates)

  • Distance to the object
    Distance to the object
  • Distance to the object
    Distance to the object
  • Distance to the object
    Distance to the object
  • Distance to the object
    Distance to the object
  • Coverage area
    Coverage area
  • Coverage area
    Coverage area
  • Coverage area
    Coverage area
  • Coverage area
    Coverage area
  • Coverage area
    Coverage area
  • Coverage area
    Coverage area
  • Directions of action
    Directions of action
  • Directions of action
    Directions of action
  • Directions of action
    Directions of action
  • Type of vehicle
    Type of vehicle
  • Type of vehicle
    Type of vehicle
  • Type of vehicle
    Type of vehicle
  • Type of vehicle
    Type of vehicle
  • Type of vehicle
    Type of vehicle
  • Type of vehicle
    Type of vehicle
  • Type pf vehicle
    Type pf vehicle
  • Type of vehicle
    Type of vehicle
  • Type of vehicle
    Type of vehicle
  • Type of vehicle
    Type of vehicle
  • Except for the type of vehicle
    Except for the type of vehicle
  • Except for the type of vehicle
    Except for the type of vehicle
  • Except for the type of vehicle
    Except for the type of vehicle
  • Except for the type of vehicle
    Except for the type of vehicle
  • Except for the type of vehicle
    Except for the type of vehicle
  • Except for the type of vehicle
    Except for the type of vehicle
  • Except for the type of vehicle
    Except for the type of vehicle
  • Except for the type of vehicle
    Except for the type of vehicle
  • Saturdays, Sundays and holidays
    Saturdays, Sundays and holidays
  • Working days
    Working days
  • Days of the week
    Days of the week
  • Validity period
    Validity period
  • Validity period
    Validity period
  • Validity period
    Validity period
  • Validity period
    Validity period
  • Method of parking the vehicle
    Method of parking the vehicle
  • Method of parking the vehicle
    Method of parking the vehicle
  • Method of parking the vehicle
    Method of parking the vehicle
  • Method of parking the vehicle
    Method of parking the vehicle
  • Method of parking the vehicle
    Method of parking the vehicle
  • Method of parking the vehicle
    Method of parking the vehicle
  • Method of parking the vehicle
    Method of parking the vehicle
  • Method of parking the vehicle
    Method of parking the vehicle
  • Method of parking the vehicle
    Method of parking the vehicle
  • Parking with an idle engine
    Parking with an idle engine
  • Paid services
    Paid services
  • Limitation of parking duration
    Limitation of parking duration
  • Parking for parking permit holders only
    Parking for parking permit holders only
  • Parking of diplomatic corps vehicles only
    Parking of diplomatic corps vehicles only
  • Place for car inspection
    Place for car inspection
  • Limitation of the permitted maximum mass
    Limitation of the permitted maximum mass
  • Dangerous roadside
    Dangerous roadside
  • Direction of the main road
    Direction of the main road
  • Direction of the main road
    Direction of the main road
  • Traffic lane
    Traffic lane
  • Blind pedestrians
    Blind pedestrians
  • Wet coating
    Wet coating
  • Disabled people
    Disabled people
  • Except for the disabled
    Except for the disabled
  • Dangerous goods class
    Dangerous goods class
  • Type of vehicle trolley
    Type of vehicle trolley
  • Type of vehicle trolley
    Type of vehicle trolley
  • Type of route vehicle
    Type of route vehicle
  • Type of route vehicle
    Type of route vehicle
  • Type of route vehicle
    Type of route vehicle
  • Obstacle
    Obstacle
  • Obstacle
    Obstacle
  • Obstacle
    Obstacle
  • Photovideofixation
    Photovideofixation
  • The tow truck is working
    The tow truck is working
  • Environmental class of the vehicle
    Environmental class of the vehicle
  • Charging electric vehicles
    Charging electric vehicles

Experimental signs

  • Right turn on red permitted
    Right turn on red permitted

Similar systems

Similar road signs are used in most countries that formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Initially, the ГОСТ 10807-78 standard was adopted in the Soviet Union in 1980, but after its collapse in 1991, the same standard continued to operate in many post-Soviet countries until some of these countries adopted their own standard, in particular, in Russia, the ГОСТ Р 52290-2004 standard was adopted, in Ukraine ДСТУ 4100:2021, in Belarus СТБ 1140-2013, in Kazakhstan СТ РК 1412-2017, and in Uzbekistan O'zDst 3283:2017.[20] Road signs in Armenia and Kyrgyzstan are entirely based on the ГОСТ Р 52290-2004 and ГОСТ Р 52289-2004 Russian standards.[21][22] Inscriptions on road signs vary depending on the country's official language.

In Estonia and Latvia, road signs are outwardly different from the Russian ones. In Lithuania, road signs still bear a resemblance to those used in the Soviet Union, despite the fact that Lithuania restored its independence in 1990 and that the country joined the European Union in 2004. This is due to the fact that the Baltic states were occupied and later annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940 during the World War II.

References

  1. ^ "Постановление Правительства РФ от 23.10.1993 N 1090 "О Правилах дорожного движения" (ПДД) (последняя редакция) (вместе с "Основными положениями по допуску транспортных средств к эксплуатации и обязанности должностных лиц по обеспечению безопасности \ КонсультантПлюс". www.consultant.ru. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
  2. ^ "ГОСТ Р 52289-2004 Технические средства организации дорожного движения. Правила применения дорожных знаков, разметки, светофоров, дорожных ограждений и направляющих устройств" (PDF). joldo.kg (in Russian).
  3. ^ "Скачать ГОСТ Р 52290-2004 Технические средства организации дорожного движения. Знаки дорожные. Общие технические требования". meganorm.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-03-25.
  4. ^ "Межгосударственный стандарт ГОСТ 10807-78 "Знаки дорожные. Общие технические условия" (утв. постановлением Госстандарта СССР 30.08.1978 N 2401) (с изменениями и дополнениями) (не действует) | ГАРАНТ". base.garant.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  5. ^ "Скачать ГОСТ 10807-78 Знаки дорожные. Общие технические условия". meganorm.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-03-25.
  6. ^ a b "Дорожные знаки по ГОСТу Р 52290-2004 (от 14.12.2005)". www.sevdorstroy.ru (in Russian). 2005-12-14. Retrieved 2023-11-14.
  7. ^ Макров, Антон (2021-07-13). "Что обозначают буквы в названии автомобильных трасс". CAR.RU (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-08-04.
  8. ^ "МЕЖПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВЕННОЕ СОГЛАШЕНИЕ ПО СЕТИ АЗИАТСКИХ АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫХ ДОРОГ" (PDF). United Nations (in Russian). 6 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  9. ^ "Как менялась Венская конвенция о дорожном движении". Коммерсантъ (in Russian). 2018-09-08. Retrieved 2023-06-26.
  10. ^ "В помощь: Дорожные знаки Фотографии старого Саратова" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2015-04-13. Retrieved 2015-04-09.
  11. ^ "В помощь: Дорожные знаки | Фотографии старого Саратова" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2015-04-13. Retrieved 2015-04-09.
  12. ^ "Знак движение автобусов запрещено для чемпионата мира по футболу". pddmaster.ru. Retrieved 2023-08-26.
  13. ^ "С сегодняшнего дня в России появился временный дорожный знак Движение автобусов запрещено". www.garant.ru. Retrieved 2023-08-26.
  14. ^ FEIP. "Новые ПДД для автобусов с 1 марта 2023". Профи Центр (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-08-26.
  15. ^ "Ограничение скорости автобусов и другие изменения в ПДД в 2023 году⁠⁠ — ТрансАвто-7 на vc.ru". vc.ru. 2023-06-21. Retrieved 2023-08-26.
  16. ^ "Дорожные знаки меньшего размера появятся по всей России" (in Russian). www.kommersant.ru. 2019-02-04. Archived from the original on 2019-02-04. Retrieved 2019-02-04.
  17. ^ A personal mobility device is a vehicle that has one or more wheels, intended for the individual movement of a person using an engine. (electric scooters, electric skateboards, hoverboards, Segways, unicycles, and other similar devices)
  18. ^ "Движение на самокате запрещено: в России ввели новые дорожные знаки". Моя планета (in Russian). 2023-03-01. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
  19. ^ "Новые знаки в ПДД с 27 октября: смотрите, чтобы быть в курсе". Новости Бреста и Брестской области сегодня | БрестСИТИ. 2022-10-26. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
  20. ^ "IndorRoadSigns: Система проектирования дорожных знаков". www.indorsoft.ru. Retrieved 2023-07-19.
  21. ^ "ԳՕՍՏ Ռ 52290-2004". armstandard.am (in Armenian).
  22. ^ "Мэр Омуркулов встретится с гражданским активистом Баратовым - Вести.kg - Новости Кыргызстана". vesti.kg (in Russian). 2013-08-19. Retrieved 2023-07-19.

See also