Robert A. Rescorla

Robert A. Rescorla (May 9, 1940 - March 24, 2020)^[1][2] was an American psychologist who specialized in the involvement of cognitive processes in classical conditioning^[3] focusing on animal learning and behavior.^[4]

One of Rescorla's significant contributions to psychology, with co-creator

Rescorla taught at Yale University from 1966 to 1981.^[5] While at Yale, Rescorla began a fruitful collaboration with colleague Allan Wagner, which led to the development of the Rescorla–Wagner model.^[5] In 1975, he was elected into the Society of Experimental Psychologists.^[5] Rescorla returned to his alma mater in 1981 and was a member of faculty there until 2009. He served as the chair of the psychology department at Penn,^[5] as well as the director of undergraduate studies and the dean of the college of arts and sciences.^[5]

In 1984, Rescorla was granted a Guggenheim Fellowship.^[6] In 1985, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and in 1986 was awarded the Distinguished Scientific Contribution award of the American Psychological Association.^[7] In 1989, he was named the University of Pennsylvania's James M. Skinner Professor of Science.^[5] In 1991, Rescorla was awarded the Howard Crosby Warren Medal by the Society of Experimental Psychologists.^[8] He also received the Ira Abrams Distinguished Teaching Award of the School of Arts and Sciences at Penn in 1999,^[8] followed by appointment as the Christopher H. Browne Distinguished Professor of Psychology in 2000.^[5] In 2005, Rescorla received the Horsley Grantt Award of the Pavlovian Society.^[8] Following that, in 2006, he was granted an honorary doctoral degree by the Ghent University, in Belgium.^[8] He was elected into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008.^[8]

Research and contributions

The Rescorla-Wagner Theory

In 1972, Robert A. Rescorla and his colleague Allan R. Wagner at Yale University, published the Rescorla–Wagner model of associative learning. This model conceptualizes learning as the development of associations between conditioned (CS) and unconditioned (US) stimuli, with learning occurring when these stimuli are paired on discrete trials. The change in the association between a CS and an US that occurs when the two are paired depends on how strongly the US is predicted on that trial – that is, informally, how "surprised" the subject is by the US. The amount of this "surprise" depends on the summed associative strength of all cues present during that trial. In contrast, previous models derived the change in associative strength from the current value of the CS alone.^[3] The model has been extremely influential, leading to many new experimental findings and theoretical developments.^[9]

Research program

Rescorla conducted research at the

Rescorla was first married to Marged Lindner. In the 1970s, he married Leslie V. Altman, but they later divorced. They had two sons together.^[10] He remarried to Shirley Steele.^[11]

Rescorla died March 24, 2020, after complications from a fall.^[11]

Publications

• Rescorla, R. A. (2006) Deepened Extinction from Compound Stimulus Presentation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 32, 135-144.
• Rescorla, R. A. (2008). Evaluating conditioning of related and unrelated stimuli using a compound test. Learning & Behavior, 36, 67-74.
• Rescorla, R. A. (2008). Conditioning of stimuli with nonzero initial value. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 34, 315-323.

References