Robert H. Dicke
Robert H. Dicke | |
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Dicke radiometer | |
Spouse |
Annie Currie (m. 1942) |
Children | 3 |
Awards | National Medal of Science (1970) Comstock Prize in Physics (1973) Elliott Cresson Medal (1974) Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize (1992) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Physics |
Doctoral advisor | Lee Alvin DuBridge |
Signature | |
Part of a series on |
Physical cosmology |
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Robert Henry Dicke (
Biography
Born in
In 1946, he returned to Princeton University, where he remained for the remainder of his career. He did some work in atomic physics, particularly on the laser and measuring the gyromagnetic ratio of the electron. An important contribution to the field of spectroscopy and radiative transfer was his prediction of the phenomenon called Dicke narrowing: When the mean free path of an atom is much smaller than the wavelength of one of its radiation transitions, the atom changes velocity and direction many times during the emission or absorption of a photon. This causes an averaging over different Doppler states and results in an atomic linewidth that is much narrower than the Doppler width.[5] Dicke narrowing occurs at relatively low pressures in the millimeter wave and microwave regions (where it is used in atomic clocks to improve precision). Dicke narrowing is analogous to the Mössbauer effect for gamma rays.
In 1956, approximately two years before
He spent the remainder of his career developing a program of precision tests of
In the early 1960s, work on Brans–Dicke theory led Dicke to think about the early Universe, and with
In 1970, Dicke argued that the universe must have very nearly the
Dicke was also responsible for developing the lock-in amplifier, which is an indispensable tool in the area of applied science and engineering.[18] Many of Dicke's experiments capitalize on lock-in in some way or another.[citation needed] However, in an interview with Martin Harwit he claims that even though he is often credited with the invention of the device; he believes he read about it in a review of scientific equipment written by Walter C. Michels, a professor at Bryn Mawr.[19][20]
Dicke is also credited with the invention of a kind of radio receiver, called a "Dicke Radiometric Receiver" or simply "Dicke Radiometer", developed by Dicke during WWII.[21] His radiometer was characterized by a noise temperature calibration technique using a switchable resistor, known as "Dicke Resistor".
Dicke was awarded the
Marriage and family life
Dicke married Annie Currie in 1942. Currie, of Scottish descent, was born in Barrow-in-Furness in England in 1920 and as a young girl immigrated to Rochester, New York, via Australia and New Zealand, of which Annie had very fond memories.
At the beginning of World War II, Dicke was asked to assist the war effort by applying his skills to the development of radar with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Therefore, this is where they began their married life. During this time, Annie became friends with a number of the wives of other professors working on similar projects. However, due to security concerns, none of them knew what their husbands' work entailed and could never discuss it.
At the end of the war, Dicke and Currie moved to Princeton, New Jersey, where Robert was on the faculty at Princeton University. Dicke died there March 4, 1997. Currie continued to live in Princeton until 2002. For the last years of her life she lived in Hightstown, New Jersey at Meadow Lakes Retirement Community until her death in 2005.
They had one daughter, Nancy born in 1945, and two sons, John born in 1946 and James born in 1953. At the time of Dicke's death they had six grandchildren and a great grandchild.[29]
Bibliography
- Dicke, RH (April 1981). "Seismology and geodesy of the sun: Low-frequency oscillations". PMID 16592998.
- Dicke, RH (March 1981). "Seismology and geodesy of the sun: Solar geodesy". PMID 16592985.
- Dicke, RH (April 26, 1974). "The Oblateness of the Sun and Relativity". Science. 184 (4135): 419–429. PMID 17736508.
- Dicke, RH (August 25, 1967). "Solar Models". Science. 157 (3791): 960. PMID 17792834.
- Dicke, RH (November 9, 1962). "The Earth and Cosmology: The earth may be affected by the distant matter of the universe through a long-range interaction". Science. 138 (3541): 653–664. PMID 17829699.
- Dicke, RH (March 6, 1959). "New Research on Old Gravitation: Are the observed physical constants independent of the position, epoch, and velocity of the laboratory?". PMID 17735811.
- Dicke, RH (1946). "The measurement of thermal radiation at microwave frequencies". S2CID 26658623.
References
- doi:10.1063/1.881921.
- ^ "A Cosmic Journey: A History of Scientific Cosmology". history.aip.org. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
- ISBN 978-981-314-250-3, retrieved December 24, 2022
- ^ Archives, L. A. Times (March 6, 1997). "Robert Dicke; Theorized That Big Bang 'Echo' Still Resonates". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- S2CID 4196678.
- ISBN 0-521-35808-6.
- doi:10.1086/148307.
- doi:10.1086/148306.
- ^ Levesque, Emily (May 8, 2022). "The Race to Prove the Existence of Cosmic Microwave Background". Wondrium Daily. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
- ^ Dicke, R. H. (1970). Gravitation and the Universe. American Philosophical Society.
- ISBN 0-691-07428-3.
- PMID 10035596.
- ^ Hageman, Steve (December 27, 2017). "Design a DSP lock-in amplifier, Part 1: Background". EDN. Archived from the original on June 3, 2021. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
- ^ "Oral History Transcript — Dr. Robert Dicke". Aip.org. June 18, 1985. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- .
- ^ "Radiometric Receivers".
- ^ "National Science Foundation - The President's National Medal of Science". Nsf.gov. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- ^ "Comstock Prize in Physics". National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
- ^ "Robert H. Dicke". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved July 13, 2022.
- ^ "Robert Henry Dicke". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved July 13, 2022.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved July 13, 2022.
- ^ "Robert Henry Dicke". NobelPrize.org. April 1, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
- S2CID 224985139.
- ^ Savani, Jacquelyn. "Princeton Physicist Robert Dicke Dies". Princeton University.
Sources
- Kuhn J. R.; Libbrecht K. G.; Dicke R. H. (1988). "The surface temperature of the sun and changes in the solar constant". Science. 242 (4880): 908. S2CID 128820028.
- Williams J. G.; Dicke R. H.; Bender P. L.; Alley C. O.; Currie D. G.; Carter W. E.; Eckhardt D. H.; Faller J. E.; Kaula W. M.; et al. (1976). "New test of the equivalence principle from lunar laser ranging". Phys. Rev. Lett. 36 (11): 551. .
- Peebles P. J. E.; Dicke R. H. (1968). "Origin of the Globular Star Clusters". Astrophys. J. 154: 891. doi:10.1086/149811.
- Dicke R. H. (1962). "Mach's Principle And Invariance Under Transformation Of Units". Phys. Rev. 125 (6): 2163. .
External links
- National Academy of Sciences biography
- BAAS 29 (1997) 1469, obituary
- A Look at the Abandoned Contributions to Cosmology of Dirac, Sciama and Dicke (arxiv:0708.3518)
- Oral history interview transcript with Robert Dicke on 18 November 1975, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
- Oral history interview transcript with Robert Dicke on 2 May 1983, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
- Oral history interview transcript with Robert Dicke on 18 June 1985, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
- Oral history interview transcript with Robert Dicke on 19 January 1988, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives