Robert Shaw (Illinois politician)
Robert Shaw | |
---|---|
Chicago Alderman from the 9th Ward | |
In office May 1987 – December 1998 | |
Preceded by | Perry H. Hutchinson |
Succeeded by | Anthony Beale |
In office May 1979 – May 1983 | |
Preceded by | Alexander A. Adduci |
Succeeded by | Perry H. Hutchinson |
Personal details | |
Born | Fulton, Arkansas, U.S. | July 31, 1937
Died | July 22, 2021 South Holland, Illinois, U.S. | (aged 83)
Political party | Democratic |
Relatives | William Shaw (twin brother) |
Robert Shaw (July 31, 1937 – July 22, 2021) was an American politician. He served as a
For more than a quarter century, Shaw and his
Early life and education
Shaw and his
Shaw studied
Early political career
Shaw and his brother learned politics from working in the 24th Ward Regular Democratic organization run by Arthur X. Elrod on the city's west side.[5][13] He got his start at seventeen by working for an assistant precinct captain in the 24th ward.[8][14] He later worked as a precinct captain for Benjamin F. Lewis, prior to Lewis' 1963 murder.[2] He worked on Lewis' successful campaign for the Chicago City Council.[11]
Shaw and his twin brother became involved in the
Chicago City Council
Shaw served two tenures as the alderman from Chicago's ninth ward.[16][17] In 1975, Shaw ran his first campaign for the Chicago City Council, unsuccessfully challenging incumbent 9th Ward Alexander Adduci.[18]
First tenure (1979–1983)
Shaw was elected to the
Shaw rose to prominence as a main
A January 1981 article by F. Richard Ciccone of the Chicago Tribune described Shaw as "no stranger to city council controversy, though only a freshman alderman".[21]
In 1981, Shaw introduced legislation that would have stripped the city's personnel code by drastically increasing the number of patronage hires, taking 15,000 civil service jobs away from having job security and merit-based testing as a hiring practice. He partnered with Edward Vrdolyak on this legislation.[13][17][22] He would tell the media, "I asked my friends, Ed Vrdolyak and Fred Roti to help me out, and they did".[21] Shaw also credited City Council floor leader Wilson Frost with assisting in redrafting the proposal on the City Council floor.[21] The legislation was overwhelmingly approved in a city council vote.[21] Shaw and Wilson Frost both argued that eliminating the personnel code, and its testing requirements, would be beneficial to Black job applicants.[21] The legislation was ultimately vetoed by mayor Byrne,[13] after facing strong opposition from Chicagoans (a Chicago Tribune poll found 76% of Chicagoans opposed removing the personnel code).[21]
In its
In 1981, Shaw introduced legislation that would require
Shaw lost reelection to Perry H. Hutchison in 1983.
Interregnum between tenures
In 1984, Shaw and his brother took up the cause of calling for legislation to be passed to require black history to be taught in public schools.[2][10]
In December 1986, Shaw and his brother held a press conference in which they alleged that people were being denied care by health maintenance organizations (HMOs) for life threatening conditions.[31]
Second tenure (1987–1998)
During the Washington and Sawyer mayoralties (1987–1989)
In 1987, Shaw defeated Hutchison to regain his old seat on the Chicago City Council. Hutchison had been indicted for taking bribes in a federal sting operation ahead of the election.[5][17] For this campaign, Shaw repositioned himself as a supporter of Harold Washington.[13][17][32] Shaw was reelected in 1991 and 1995.[33][34][35] His 1991 reelection saw him defeat Chicago Transit Authority bus driver Johnny J. O'Neal by a mere 37 votes.[36][37] O'Neal would subsequently, in 1993, attempt to have the legitimacy of the vote count reinvestigated through litigation.[38]
Shaw was a strong advocate in support of pay raises for members of the City Council.[13] Shaw clashed numerous times with civil rights and community leader Jesse Jackson, who called Shaw "a hack".[13] Harold Washington derided Shaw as a "two-bit hustler".[13][32]
In September 1987, Shaw and fellow alderman Allan Streeter introduced a bill to remove the image of a sailing ship from the 150-year old city seal, alleging that it represented "official government sanction of slavery". Their legislation would replace the ship on the seal with a depiction of
In September 1987, Shaw introduced a proposed ordinance that would require the Chicago Transit Authority to open its bathrooms.[23]
After Harold Washington's death in office, Shaw joined Edward M. Burke in stopping Timothy C. Evans' bid to be appointed his mayoral successor.[13] Eugene Sawyer instead won the vote to be Washington's successor.[41] Shaw also called for a more thorough investigation into Washington's cause of death.[42] Shaw was a chief backer of Sawyer during his mayoralty.[43]
Shaw had a tendency to make racially inflammatory statements.
Shaw was regarded to be a somewhat amusing personality on the council, providing interesting quotes and antics for the media to report upon.[47] In 1990, John Kass of the Chicago Tribune noted that Shaw had a penchant for basking in the media attention he received, despite the media largely regarding him as clownish.[8]
Shaw utilized "aldermanic prerogative", a practice whereby alderman were given deference on zoning decisions in their wards. In 1988, on his own initiative he successfully championed downzoning for large areas in his ward.[47]
During the mayoralty of Richard M. Daley (1989–1998)
During the mayoralty of Richard M. Daley, Shaw was a somewhat independent member of the council, giving criticism to the mayor and casting votes in opposition to his budgets.[5] He was considered an adversary of Daley.[11] In 1990, John Kass of the Chicago Tribune called him the, "only consistent critic of Richard Daley on the council floor."[8] Daley and Shaw often argued with each other on the City Council Chamber floor. In one instance, Daley had Shaw's microphone turned-off, only for Shaw to continue yelling loudly at him.[11]
In 1989, Shaw opposed legislation championed by Daley to create a watchdog to oversee all of city government. The ordinance later passed, but with revisions that made aldermen exempted from the new inspector general's oversight.[48][49]
In 1990, Shaw proposed an ordinance to ban an
In 1996, as part of
After resigning to serve on the Cook County Board of Review, he backed the candidacy of his son Herbert Shaw in the 1999 election to succeed him. However, Anthony Beale, a political unknown backed by Jesse Jackson Jr. and James Meeks, defeated him in an upset.[18][55][56]
Cook County Board of Review
In
While on the board, Shaw was considered to be an ally of fellow board member Joseph Berrios, voting in lockstep with him on most cases.[44] On occasion, however, he did dissent in a number of cases where Berrios and the board's third member, Maureen Murphy, both voted to lower the tax rates on large properties in downtown Chicago.[44]
During his tenure, he was dubbed the "reduction commissioner".
In
Inspector General of Dolton
In 2006, Shaw's brother William, then the mayor of Dolton, Illinois, appointed him to be city's first inspector general, a newly created position that paid $70,000 annually.[44][65][66] The position also gave Shaw use of a city-owned car.[66] He was confirmed to the position by the city's trustees.[66] This move angered some in the village, who saw it as blatant nepotism.[66][67][68] The Better Government Association criticized this as a, "$70,000 joke on the taxpayers of Dolton".[65] The position tasked Shaw with rooting out corruption in the village. However, village ordinance made it so that both the mayor (William Shaw) and village trustees were off-limits for investigation.[66][68][69]
At the time he was appointed to this corruption watchdog position, federal investigators had actually been keeping an eye on Shaw himself for potential involvement in corruption in Dolton. In 2005, federal investigators discovered a practice that existed in Dolton and a number of other Chicago suburbs where politically connected citizens were allowed to carry guns and mimics of police badges. Those benefiting from this practice in Dolton had been individuals that had given notable sums of money to the campaigns of Shaw and his brother. It was discovered that at least two of those benefiting from this were
In 2006, Shaw was criticized for flashing a
Shaw would remain in this position through the launch of his
Political kingmaker
For more than a quarter century, Shaw and his brother William were dominant political "kingmakers" of Chicago's far South Side and southern suburbs. They garnered the support of the African American electorate in the area. Over the years, their main rivals for influence there was the Jackson family, Jesse Jackson and Jesse Jackson Jr. Their influence dissipated greatly in the late 1990s and the early 2000s, with Jesse Jackson Jr. largely beating them out to become the new kingmaker at the time.[5][16][17][18][70][71] Their tide first began to change when Jesse Jackson Jr. won election to U.S. congress in 1996, defeating the Shaw brothers-backed candidate Emil Jones in the Democratic primary.[18] In 1999, Jackson Jr. successfully backed Anthony Beale against Shaw's son Herbert Shaw in the race to succeed Shaw as 9th Ward alderman.[18] In 2000, Jackson Jr. backed David E. Miller in his successful state representative Democratic primary race against Shaw-backed candidate Willis Harris.[18] In 2002, Jackson Jr. encouraged James Meeks to make his successful general election challenge to William Shaw for state senate.[18] Jackson accused the Shaw brothers, that same year, of being behind the dummy candidate campaign of a retired truck driver named Jesse L. Jackson against him for congress.[56] In 2004, Jackson backed Larry Rogers Jr.'s successful primary challenge against Shaw for Cook County Board of Review.[63] Also in 2004, the Shaw brothers denied involvement with two challengers running against Jackson for congress, who each filed challenges to the younger Jackson's petition signatures (which, if successful, would have seen Jackson removed from the ballot in the Democratic primary). The two challengers to Jackson worked for Dolton (where William Shaw was mayor), and used the village's attorney as their lawyer.[2] By 2006, the Shaw brothers leveraged a Dolton public-access television program to regularly assail Jesse Jackson Jr.[15][72]
When the Shaw brothers ran the 9th Ward Regular Democratic Organization, they and their campaign volunteers helped deliver strong voter support for campaigns of African American politicians such as Mayor Harold Washington and Illinois State Senator Emil Jones, and the 1992 U.S. Senate campaign of Carol Moseley Braun. They also helped mobilize support in the area for the 2004 U.S. Senate campaign of Barack Obama.[11]
In 1996, Shaw was elected the 9th Ward Democratic committeeman, succeeding his brother William in holding this elected Democratic Party leadership position.[73][74][75] In 2000, Shaw was unseated by Anthony Beale.[55][76]
Among the individuals that got their starts in the political organization run by the Shaw brothers was Mose Jefferson.[77][78]
After Shaw's death, the Chicago Crusader credited him and his brother's political organization with successfully pushing the Illinois State Legislature to establish new
Campaigns for other offices
1984 congressional
In 1984, Shaw was one of four individuals who challenged incumbent
2005 South Holland village president
In October 2004, Shaw announced that he would be challenging incumbent village president (mayor) Don DeGraff in the April 2005 South Holland, Illinois, election.[64] Shaw had moved from the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago to the southern suburb in 1999, shortly after he left the Chicago City Council.[10][32][65] Shaw was defeated in an immense landslide, with DeGraff receiving 91% of the vote, to Shaw's 6%.[81]
During his campaign, Shaw pledged to bring more business and job opportunities to the village, if elected. The village had a 10% unemployment rate at the time.[10]
During the campaign, Shaw accused incumbent mayor DeGraff, who was white, of preventing more minorities from working for the village by utilizing the village's residency policy, which allowed village employees, with the exception of department heads and their deputies, to reside outside of the village.[82] Shaw proposed making residency in the village a requirement for all village employees.[83]
Shaw tried to characterize DeGraff as an "ultraconservative". Shaw claimed that DeGraff was a supporter of heavily conservative politician Alan Keyes, who had been the Republican Party nominee who ran against Democrat Barack Obama in the 2004 United States Senate election in Illinois. DeGraff refuted this by pointing out that he had supported Obama's campaign for the United States Senate.[84] Shaw charged that DeGraff practiced nepotism as mayor.[85] DeGraff denied that the allegations were true.[86] Businesses that Shaw alleged DeGraff was personally profiting from awarding contracts to either did not have any connection to DeGraff, or had not even received municipal contracts in South Holland.[87]
A victory by Shaw would have helped to reestablish the Shaw brothers' declining political influence in the southern part of the Chicago area.
2006 state house
In 2006, Shaw ran for the Democratic nomination for the 29th district seat in the Illinois House of Representatives, seeking to unseat incumbent David E. Miller.[88] He was unsuccessful, losing to Miller by 70.88% to 29.12%.[89]
The campaign was seen as another effort by Shaw to stop the decline of his and his brother's political power in Chicago's suburbs. Political observers saw Shaw as unlikely to succeed, however.[90] This was another saga in the Shaw brothers' political rivalry with Jesse Jackson Jr., as Miller was considered Jackson's "point man" in the Illinois House of Representatives on matters such as education reform and the proposed Chicago south suburban airport.[90] Jackson gave his backing to Miller in the election.[66]
2010 Cook County Assessor
Shaw ran for Cook County assessor in
Shaw placed second out of three candidates in the Democratic primary, with 34.09% of the vote, with the winner of the primary, Berrios, receiving 39.14% of the vote.[93] Shaw had placed first in 19 of the 20 wards in Chicago with the most sizeable black populations.[94]
2015 Chicago mayoral
In December 2013, Shaw moved from South Holland, Illinois, where he had lived since 1999, to the Hyde Park–Kenwood area of Chicago.[32][65] In March 2014, Shaw announced he would run in the 2015 Chicago mayoral election. He was the first noteworthy politician to announce that they would be challenging incumbent mayor Rahm Emanuel, and second challenger to announce, after Amara Enyia. However, he ultimately withdrew his candidacy.[17][32][28][65][95][96][97][98][99]
In the previous 2011 mayoral election, Shaw had been an advisor to the campaign of Carol Moseley Braun.[28][65][100]
During his candidacy, he took positions, including supporting a move to having the
He described his campaign strategy as aiming to bring together a coalition of African Americans, Latinos, and others displeased with the policies of the incumbent mayor.
After dropping out, Shaw endorsed Willie Wilson in the election.[103][104] Shaw would go on to again support Wilson in his 2019 mayoral campaign as well, taking part in his March 2018 campaign announcement.[105]
2016 and 2018 Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago board
Shaw was a candidate in
2021 Dolton mayoral
In 2021, Shaw ran unsuccessfully for the mayoral office once held by his brother in Dolton, Illinois. He placed last out of four candidates in the Democratic Party primary, receiving six percent of the vote.[109] His opponents were incumbent mayor Riley Rogers and village trustees Tiffany Henyard and Andrew Holmes. [110] Shaw endorsed the primary's victor, Henyard, in the general election.[111] Henyard won the general election.[109]
Personal life
Shaw fathered two sons and four daughters.[12][112] In 1997, Shaw's 27-year-old son John was murdered by gunshots near his South Side Chicago house.[5][113][114] From 1999 until 2013, Shaw lived in South Holland, Illinois. In December 2013, he moved to the Hyde Park–Kenwood area of Chicago.[65]
At the peak of their political careers, Shaw and his brother were recognizable-looking for both wearing similar
Shaw held a stake in the family trust that owns Shaw Media, a Chicago-area newsgroup which originated as the B.F. Shaw Printing Co. (founded by Shaw family ancestor Benjamin Shaw in 1851).[7]
In December 2008, in Dolton, Shaw, then still the village's inspector general, alleged that he had been assaulted in an altercation with corrections officer Elliott R. Kozel, who was circulating a petition in support of mayoral candidate Riley Rogers (the nephew of Larry Rogers, who had unseated Shaw on the Cook County Board of Review).[115][116] The assault charges against Rogers were dismissed by a Cook County judge on February 18, 2009.[117] In February 2012, Shaw was hospitalized after he fell and injured himself in his house. His injuries included a fractured nose.[118][119]
Shaw contracted COVID-19 in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic, managing to overcome the viral infection.[2][10]
Death
Shaw died at the age of 83 of cancer on July 22, 2021 at a rehabilitation facility in South Holland, Illinois.[2] He was survived by a daughter and two sons.[11]
Electoral history
Chicago City Council elections
Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Alexander Adducci (incumbent) | 5,194 | 56.02 | |
Robert Shaw | 1,963 | 21.17 | |
Perry Hutchison | 1,799 | 19.40 | |
Salim Al-Nurridin | 315 | 3.40 | |
Total votes | 9,271 | 100 |
1979 Chicago 9th Ward aldermanic election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | General election[121] | Runoff election[122] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Robert Shaw | 5,320 | 42.43 | 7,601 | 60.44 |
Alexander Adduci (incumbent) | 4,860 | 38.76 | 4,976 | 39.56 |
Perry Hutchison | 1,843 | 14.70 | ||
Major Coleman | 516 | 4.12 | ||
Total votes | 12,539 | 100 | 12,577 | 100 |
1983 Chicago 9th Ward aldermanic election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | General election[123] | Runoff election[124] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Perry H. Hutchison | 7,640 | 37.44 | 13,502 | 65.63 |
Robert Shaw (incumbent) | 7,340 | 35.97 | 7,071 | 34.37 |
Fred Jackson | 1,458 | 7.15 | ||
Charles M. White | 1,013 | 4.96 | ||
Constance J. Reddin | 1,002 | 4.91 | ||
James Meredith | 980 | 4.80 | ||
Melva Jean Tate | 646 | 3.17 | ||
Terence Steele | 328 | 1.61 | ||
Total votes | 20,407 | 100 | 20,573 | 100 |
1987 Chicago 9th Ward aldermanic election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | General election[125] | Runoff election[36] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Robert Shaw | 6,083 | 31.34 | 10,872 | 53.14 |
Perry Hutchison (incumbent) | 5,362 | 27.63 | 9,587 | 46.86 |
Richard Dowdell | 1,963 | 10.12 | ||
Bernard Taylor | 1,352 | 6.97 | ||
Edna McCullough | 1,128 | 5.81 | ||
James Meredith | 1,046 | 5.39 | ||
James Owens | 808 | 4.16 | ||
Randolph Norris | 683 | 3.52 | ||
Johnny O'Neal | 412 | 2.12 | ||
William Wilson | 337 | 1.74 | ||
Heron O'Neal | 233 | 1.20 | ||
Total votes | 19,407 | 100 | 20,459 | 100 |
1991 Chicago 9th Ward aldermanic election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | General election[126] | Runoff election[36] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Robert Shaw (incumbent) | 4,290 | 43.4 | 4,904 | 50.20 |
Johnny J. O'Neal | 1,647 | 16.7 | 4,864 | 49.80 |
Walter J. Stallings Jr. | 921 | 9.3 | ||
Richard J. Dowdell | 718 | 7.3 | ||
Wallace Jones Jr. | 591 | 6.0 | ||
Salim Al-Nurridin | 472 | 4.8 | ||
Cedric Michael Holt | 292 | 3.0 | ||
Eugene Wordon | 272 | 2.8 | ||
Vincent Williams | 222 | 2.2 | ||
Ernest Washington Jr. | 159 | 1.6 | ||
Total votes | 9,584 | 100 | 9,768 | 100 |
Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Robert Shaw (incumbent) | 5,634 | 61.37 | |
Cora L. Mcgruder | 2,686 | 29.26 | |
John J. O'Neal | 861 | 9.38 | |
Total votes | 9,181 | 100 |
Cook County Board of Review elections
- 1998
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Robert Shaw | 175,973 | 84.81 | |
Democratic | Arvin Boddie | 31,514 | 15.19 | |
Total votes | 207,487 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Robert Shaw | 406,862 | 100 | |
Total votes | 406,862 | 100 |
- 2002
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Robert Shaw (incumbent) | 143,317 | 51.71 | |
Democratic | Steven Burris | 133,854 | 48.29 | |
Total votes | 277,171 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Robert Shaw (incumbent) | 374,527 | 100 | |
Total votes | 374,527 | 100 |
- 2004
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Larry R. Rogers Jr.
|
148,987 | 50.18 | |
Democratic | Robert Shaw (incumbent) | 147,900 | 49.81 | |
Total votes | 296,887 | 100 |
9th Ward Democratic Committeeman elections
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Robert Shaw | 6,539 | 100 | |
Total votes | 6,539 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Anthony A. Beale
|
6,642 | 65.05 | |
Democratic | Robert Shaw (incumbent) | 3,185 | 31.19 | |
Democratic | Valeria Smith | 244 | 2.39 | |
Democratic | Reginald B. Williams, Sr. | 105 | 1.03 | |
Democratic | Michael L. Miguest | 34 | 0.33 | |
Total votes | 6,539 | 100 |
Cook County Assessor election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Joseph Berrios | 203,397 | 39.14 | |
Democratic | Robert Shaw | 177,155 | 34.09 | |
Democratic | Raymond A. Figueroa | 139,164 | 26.78 | |
Total votes | 519,716 | 100 |
Illinois House of Representatives election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | David E. Miller (incumbent) | 9,942 | 70.88 | |
Democratic | Robert Shaw | 4,085 | 29.12 | |
Total votes | 14,027 | 100 |
South Holland Village President election
Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Don A. De Graff (incumbent) | 6,761 | 91.86 | |
Robert Shaw | 456 | 6.20 | |
Angela Thomas-Lots | 143 | 1.94 | |
Total votes | 7,360 | 100 |
Dolton mayoral election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Tiffany A. Henyard
|
1,001 | 34.28% | |
Democratic | Riley H. Rogers (incumbent) | 888 | 30.41% | |
Democratic | Andrew Holmes | 862 | 29.52% | |
Democratic | Robert Shaw | 169 | 5.79% | |
Total votes | 2,920 | 100 |
United States House of Representatives election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Gus Savage (incumbent) | 55,137 | 45.05 | |
Democratic | Glenn V. Dawson
|
26,868 | 21.95 | |
Democratic | Leon Davis | 15,350 | 12.54 | |
Democratic | Robert Shaw | 15,316 | 12.51 | |
Democratic | James C. Taylor | 9,727 | 7.95 | |
Democratic | Others | 2 | 0.00 | |
Total votes | 72,400 | 100 |
References
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