Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

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Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Key people
Julie Morita
Disbursements~$500 million annually
Endowment$13 billion[1] (2020)
Employees
270
Websitewww.rwjf.org

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) is an American

911 emergency system, reducing tobacco use among Americans, lowering rates of unwanted teenage pregnancies, and improving perceptions of hospice care.[2]

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation: supports the development of programs that can be used in community-led initiatives or by government bodies;

Foundation Center, the foundation was the fifth-largest in the U.S. in investment assets, as of 2015.[6][7] As of 2020, the value of its endowment was $13 billion.[1]

History

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation was initially established as the Johnson-New Brunswick Foundation in December 1936, and focused on charitable efforts in New Brunswick and Middlesex County, New Jersey. The original board of trustees included Robert Wood Johnson II, John Seward Johnson II, and others.[8] It was renamed the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation in 1952.[9] Robert Wood Johnson II left a bequest of 10,204,377 shares of Johnson & Johnson stock to the foundation upon his death in 1968. The foundation became a national philanthropy in 1972.[10][3] The value of the stock was more than US$1 billion, making it the second-largest private foundation at the time.[11]

1972–1985

Initially, the foundation worked on improving access to

911 emergency system. In 1973, 11 percent of areas covered by the foundation's program had access to a centralized emergency services system. By 1977, when the program ended, coverage had increased to 95 percent.[11]

In 1985, the foundation partnered with

soup kitchens.[13] Congress followed the foundation's program for providing health care through shelters by passing the McKinney–Vento Homeless Assistance Act.[3]

Other early foundation efforts included: support for the Nurse-Family Partnership, which partners at-risk pregnant women with nurses;[14] establishing the Minority Medical Faculty Development Program (renamed the Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Program in 2004);[15] and supporting development of the "swing bed" concept in rural hospitals, which allows patients to transition from acute care to skilled-nursing without having to transfer to a nursing home.[16]

1986–2001

Beginning in 1986, the foundation focused on funding programs for the treatment HIV/AIDS, despite the stigma surrounding the disease.[3] It launched the AIDS Health Services Program in 11 communities around the U.S., which aimed to integrate a network of human services agencies for case management and favored community-care models for patients.[17] By May 1989, the foundation had given $50 million to care services and prevention campaigns.[3] The Ryan White CARE Act was partially modeled on RWJF's program.[18]

After

District of Columbia had adopted the program. The foundation's Center for Tobacco-Free Kids was asked to participate as a "disinterested and trustworthy party" in state litigation leading up to the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement of 1998.[19]

Apart from substance abuse, the foundation also funded studies on

Open Society Institute began research and advocacy efforts.[21]

During this period, the foundation also contributed to efforts to enroll more uninsured U.S. children in medicare. A study published in Health Affairs noted that RWJF spent $55 million on its Covering Kids campaign, which lasted from 1997 until 2002. The study found that the overall rate of uninsured children in the U.S. decreased during the campaign.[22]

2002–2017

In the early 2000s, under the leadership of

bicycle lane.[24]

The foundation also continued to work on

pressure ulcers.[27]

The foundation established the commission to Build a Healthier America in 2008. The non-partisan group included individuals from business, academia, and politics and focused on studying ways to improve health in the U.S. outside of the health care system.

preventative care.[29]

In 2010, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation partnered with the University of Wisconsin's Population Health Institute to launch the County Health Ranking program, which calculates and compares the health of each county, nationwide. The counties are measured and ranked on various health and social factors, which include more than 30 indicators such as obesity, tobacco use, mental health, employment and poverty rates, and access to healthy food.[30] Over time, the foundation added coaches and competitions to the program to support communities' efforts to improve local health. This was done in response to growing evidence showing that social factors and individuals' actions could affect a population's health more than the quality of medical treatment.[31] The foundation also partnered with Federal Reserve Banks to engage impact investors, banks, and community developers in health and wellness-based projects through the Healthy Communities Initiative.[32]

In 2014, the foundation announced a major shift in its approach to health issues. It had previously focused on specific health issues, and would instead focus on changes that could lead to large-scale social shifts by building what it called a "culture of health."[33] The change built on the Culture of Health Action Framework adopted by the foundation in 2013.[34] Critics of the shift expressed concern that funding for some areas—such as leadership training for doctors, and programs for nursing and health policy—was being discontinued as part of the shift. When describing the changes at the Aspen Ideas Festival, Lavizzo-Mourey said, “We have to make a seismic shift in the way we deal with health, and it has to come from the ground up.” [33]

A 2017 survey conducted by RWJF, NPR, and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that people in America report that their personal experience with discrimination regularly affects their lives and drives decisions that influence their health, safety, and well-being. Experiences with discrimination correlated to an increased risk for health conditions such as coronary heart disease.[35] In 2018, the foundation co-funded a study along with the National Institutes of Health that found police killings of unarmed black Americans led to adverse mental health affects among black American respondents.[36] Other public opinion polls RWJF worked on with NPR and Harvard University have covered issues such as the burden of stress in America (2014), education and health in schools (2013), trust in public health (2021), income inequality (2020), and experiences during the pandemic (2021).[37]

2018–present

Under Richard Besser's leadership, the foundation prioritized health equity and removing barriers to health resulting from discrimination. In an address given at the Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke University, Besser pointed to where people live, recreate, and work as well as access to healthy food and livable wages, and removal of cultural barriers as important factors in individual health.[38] The foundation funded a 2021 analysis by the Urban Institute which found that black patients experience "dangerous bleeding, infections and other serious problems related to surgical procedures" more frequently than white patients who receive care in the same hospital.[4]

In 2019, the foundation worked with the Global Reporting Initiative and others to develop the Culture of Health for Business Framework. The framework provides 16 best practices for companies to measure health policies and practices against, ranging from environmental to social and governance issues.[39]

During the

Rand Corporation, one of which found that many Americans agree that minority communities have been more affected by the pandemic, but do not believe structural racism is a barrier to health.[42]

The foundation's other activities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic included collaborating with Boston University to develop a database of state policies enacted in response to the pandemic,[43] and hosting teleconferences and virtual discussions on how the pandemic unveiled the impact that systemic racism and other forms of discrimination have on health in America.[44][45]

During this period, RWJF partnered with the Ford Foundation to establish the Presidents' Council on Disability Inclusion in Philanthropy. The group includes 17 grant making organizations. The council's focus is on improving inclusion of disability issues in philanthropy.[46] The foundation also funded the Childhood Opportunity Index, which ranks neighborhoods across the U.S. on access to childhood development resources that can affect health and life expectancy, and income later in life. The index was initially published in 2014, and an updated version was released in January 2020.[47]

Leadership

The foundation's first president was David E. Rogers, who served from 1972 until 1987.[12] Leighton E. Cluff served as the foundation's president from 1986 until February 1990, when he was succeeded by Steven A. Schroeder. The foundation's board of trustees selected Schroeder to lead the foundation, knowing he wanted to take it "in the direction of working on substance abuse problems".[19][48]

Centers for Disease Control.[51]

References

  1. ^ a b "Financial Statements" (PDF). The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. May 28, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  2. ^ a b Syp, Mark (2012-11-17). "Robert Wood Johnson marks its anniversary with an eye toward the future of public health". Times of Trenton. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
  3. ^
    The Miami Herald
    . p. A26.
  4. ^
    LA Times
    . Retrieved October 14, 2021.
  5. ^ a b "Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Establishes $100 Million Impact Capital Fund". Philanthropy News Digest. September 12, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  6. ^ "The largest foundations". Pensions & Investments. 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
  7. ^ "Foundation Stats: Guide to the Foundation Center's Research Database - Foundation Center". data.foundationcenter.org. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
  8. ^ "Tract for Park Given to County in Jersey". The New York Times. January 1, 1937. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  9. ^ Bermel, Colby (June 18, 2013). "10 biggest US foundations and what they do". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  10. ^ Strom, Stephanie (April 4, 2007). "$500 Million Pledged to Fight Childhood Obesity". The New York Times. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  11. ^ a b Kohler, Scott (January 2007). "The Emergency Medical Services Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 1973" (PDF). Duke University. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  12. ^ a b Altman, Lawrence (December 6, 1994). "Dr. David E. Rogers, 68, Leading Medical Educator, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  13. ^ Kohler, Scott (January 2007). "Health Care for the Homeless Program" (PDF). Duke University. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  14. ^ Kohler, Scott (January 2007). "The Nurse-Family Partnership" (PDF). Duke University. Retrieved September 23, 2021.
  15. PMID 30283846
    .
  16. ^ Robeznieks, Andis (June 23, 2008). "The swing shift". Modern Healthcare. Retrieved September 23, 2021.
  17. PMID 10168166
    . Retrieved November 1, 2021.
  18. ^ "Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program". Human Resources & Services Administration. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
  19. ^ a b c Kohler, Scott (January 2007). "The Tobacco Use Programs" (PDF). Center for Strategic Philanthropy and Civil Society. Duke University. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  20. PMID 17319807
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  21. ^ Kohler, Scott (January 2007). "Care at the End of Life" (PDF). Center for Strategic Philanthropy and Civil Society. Duke University. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  22. ^ Blewett, Lynn A.; Davern, Michael; Rodin, Holly (November 2004). "Covering Kids: Variation In Health Insurance Coverage Trends By State, 1996–2002".
    PMID 15537596
    . Retrieved November 2, 2021.
  23. ^ Stiffman, Eden (October 4, 2016). "Charities Hope First Lady's Work on Obesity Is Just the Beginning". The Chronicle of Philanthropy. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  24. ^ Strom, Stephanie (June 13, 2011). "A City Tries to Slim Down". The New York Times. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  25. ^ Tarkan, Laurie (October 31, 2011). "A Nursing Home Shrinks Until It Feels Like a Home". The New York Times. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
  26. ^ Brody, Jane E. (December 15, 2014). "The Green House Effect: Homes for the Elderly to Thrive". The New York Times. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  27. ^ Span, Paula (December 22, 2017). "A Better Kind of Nursing Home". The New York Times. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  28. ^ Zigmond, Jessica (February 28, 2008). "McClellan, Rivlin to head up RWJF commission". Modern Healthcare. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
  29. ^ Cowley, Geoffrey (January 13, 2014). "The secret to health isn't health care". NBC News. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
  30. ^ Baker, Suzanne (April 2, 2021). "DuPage County is healthiest county in Illinois, according to annual rankings". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  31. ^ Sapatkin, Don (March 25, 2015). "Robert Wood Johnson Foundation releases health rankings of counties". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  32. US News
    . Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  33. ^ a b Zamzow, Rachel (June 26, 2014). "Robert Wood Johnson Foundation makes major changes in health funding". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
  34. PMID 31485479
    . Retrieved November 2, 2021.
  35. ^ Martin, Michel (October 28, 2017). "Racism Is Literally Bad For Your Health". NPR. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  36. PMID 29937193
    . Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  37. ^ "Harvard Opinion Research Program". Harvard University. 26 September 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  38. ^ Bendaas, Yasmn (February 15, 2019). "RWJF President Richard Besser speaks on building a culture of equity". North Carolina Center for Public Policy Research. Retrieved October 14, 2021.
  39. ^ Brown, Amy (May 13, 2020). "New Reporting Framework Highlights Employee Health and Well-Being". Triple Pundit. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  40. ^ Calfas, Jennifer (October 14, 2021). "Close to 40% of U.S. Households Say They Face Financial Difficulties as Covid-19 Pandemic Continues". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  41. ^ Lukpat, Alyssa (October 15, 2021). "Hate Crimes and Pandemic Lead More Asian Americans to Seek Therapy". The New York Times. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  42. ^ Hassanein, Nate (January 13, 2021). "New survey finds many people don't believe systemic racism is a barrier to health". USA Today. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  43. ^ Barlow, Rich (October 19, 2020). "What Are States Doing about COVID-19? This BU Database Has Answers". BU Today. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  44. ^ Churchill, Owen (April 17, 2020). "Coronavirus: website launched in US to track pandemic-inspired hate speech and abuse online". South China Morning Post. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  45. ^ Ijekirika, Maudlyne (April 19, 2020). "Public health expert: 'Marshall Plan' needed to redress coronavirus race disparities". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  46. Chronicle of Philanthropy
    . Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  47. ^ LaMotte, Sandee (January 22, 2020). "How healthy is your neighborhood for your child? Take a look". CNN. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  48. ^ "Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Names New President". Modern Healthcare. Crain Publishing. February 12, 1990. p. 14.
  49. ^ Gooch, Kelly (February 12, 2020). "25 medical pioneers to celebrate this Black History Month". Becker's Hospital Review. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
  50. ^ "So Long, Stay Well: What Did Risa Lavizzo-Mourey Achieve at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation?". Inside Philanthropy. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
  51. ^ "Former CDC director Richard Besser, MD, named Robert Wood Johnson Foundation CEO". Healthcare IT News. 2017-02-14. Retrieved 2017-10-19.

External links

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