Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale
Robert V de Brus | |
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Lord of Annandale, Lord of Ireby, Constable of Carlisle Castle, Sheriff of Cumberland | |
Predecessor | Robert de Brus, 4th Lord of Annandale |
Successor | Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale |
Born | ca. 1215 |
Died | Lochmaben Castle | 31 March 1295 (aged ~80)
Buried | Gisborough Priory, Guisborough, Redcar and Cleveland |
Spouse(s) | Isabella of Gloucester and Hertford Christina de Ireby |
Issue | Robert de Brus Richard de Brus |
Father | Robert de Brus, 4th Lord of Annandale |
Mother | Isobel of Huntingdon |
Robert V de Brus (Robert de Brus), 5th Lord of
Life
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2023) |
Early life
Robert was son of
In addition to Annandale, Robert was Lord of Hartlepool (otherwise known as Hartness) in county Durham, and Writtle and Hatfield Broadoak in Essex, England. His first wife brought to him the village of Ripe, in Sussex, and his second wife the Lordship of Ireby in Cumberland.[2]
His possessions were increased following the defeat of Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham (1265), via a series of grants that included the estates of former rebel barons. Henry III also re-appointed Robert a Justice, and Constable of Carlisle Castle and keeper of the Castle there in 1267, a position he had been dismissed from in 1255. Robert sought a pardon from Alexander and probably joined the princes Edward and Edmund on their crusade, as Robert if not Richard possibly failed to attend, or returned early, as the younger Robert is recorded as receiving a quitclaim in Writtle, Essex, in October 1271.[3][4]
In 1271–72, Robert obtained the hand of
On 3 May 1273, Robert married Christina de Ireby, the widow of Adam Jesmond, the
Robert Bruce was Regent of Scotland some time during minority of his second cousin King
The succession in the main line of the House of Dunkeld became highly precarious when towards the end of Alexander's reign, all three of his children died within a few years. The middle-aged Alexander III induced in 1284 the Estates to recognise as his heir-presumptive his granddaughter Margaret, called the "Maid of Norway", his only surviving descendant.
The need for a male heir led Alexander to contract a second marriage to Yolande de Dreux on 1 November 1285. All this was eventually in vain. Alexander died suddenly, in a fall from his horse, when only 45 years old, in 1286.
His death ushered in a time of political upheaval for Scotland. His three-year-old granddaughter Margaret, who lived in Norway, was recognised as his successor. However, the then-seven-year-old heiress Margaret died, travelling towards her kingdom, on the Orkney islands around 26 September 1290. With her death, the main royal line came to an end and thirteen claimants asserted their rights to the Scottish throne.
The Great Cause
After this extinction of the senior line of the Scottish royal house (the line of
Robert Bruce pleaded tanistry and proximity of blood in the succession dispute. He descended from the second daughter of David of Huntingdon, whereas John Balliol descended from the eldest, and thus had the lineal right. However, Robert was a second cousin of kings of Scotland and descended in fourth generation from King David I of Scotland, whereas John Balliol was a third cousin of kings and descended in fifth generation from King David I, the most recent common ancestor who had been Scottish king. The ensuing 'Great Cause' was concluded in 1292. It gave the Crown of Scotland to his family's great rival, John Balliol. The events took place as follows:
Soon after the death of young queen Margaret, Robert Bruce raised a body of men with the help of the earls of
Edward took this chance to demand
Judgment processed slowly. On 3 August 1291 Edward asked both Balliol and Bruce to choose forty auditors while he himself chose twenty-four, to decide the case. After considering all of the arguments, in early November 1292 the court decided in favour of John Balliol, having the superior claim in feudal law, not to mention greater support from the kingdom of Scotland. In accordance with this, final judgement was given by Edward on 17 November. On 30 November, John Balliol was crowned as King of Scots at Scone Abbey. On 26 December, at Newcastle upon Tyne, King John swore homage to Edward for the kingdom of Scotland. Edward soon made it clear that he regarded the country as his vassal state. The Bruce family thus lost what they regarded as their rightful place on the Scottish throne.
Later years
Robert, 5th Lord of Annandale resigned the
In 1292, Robert V de Brus held a market at Ireby, Cumberland, in right of his wife. The following year he had a market at Hartlepool, county Durham within the liberties of the Bishop of Durham.[6]
Sir Robert de Brus died at Lochmaben Castle and was buried at Gisborough Priory in Cleveland.[6]
Family and children
He married firstly on 12 May 1240 Lady
- Isabel de Brus (1249 – c. 1284), married (as his first wife) Sir North Durham, and joint warden beyond the Scottish Sea between the Firth of Forth and Orkney. He fought on the English side at the Battle of Falkirk, 22 July 1298, and was present at the Siege of Caerlaverock Castle in 1300. In 1307 he was commanded to assist the Earl of Richmond in expelling Robert de Brus and the Scottish rebels from Galloway. In 1309 his armour and provisions in a vessel bound for Perth were arrested off Great Yarmouth. He was governor of St. John's Town (Perth) in 1310 until his death. Isabel was buried at Easington, County Durham.[7]
- Robert VI de Bruce, 6th Lord of Annandale, Earl of Carrick (1243–1304)
- William de Brus, married Elizabeth de Sully, without issue
- John de Brus (d. 1275), alleged ancestor of Barons of Clackmannan, Earls of Elgin, Kincardine and Ailesbury[8][9]
- Richard de Brus (died ca. 26 January 1287), unmarried and without issue.
He married, secondly on 3 May 1275 at Hoddam, in the diocese of Glasgow, Christina (died ca. 1305 or 1305), daughter and heiress of Sir William de Ireby, of Ireby, Cumbria. They had no issue.
Ancestry
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See also
Notes
- ISBN 0-8063-1759-0where he is said to have been of age in or before 1237
- ^ Richardson (2005) p. 731
- ^ Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ a b Blakely, Ruth Margaret. The Brus Family in England and Scotland: 1100–1295.
- ^ Stevenson, JH (1914). Heraldry in Scotland. Vol. 1. Glasgow: James Maclehose and Sons. The image appears between pages 196 and 197, on plate xxx, figure 5.
- ^ a b Richardson (2005) p.732
- ^ Richardson (2005) p.539
- ^ The peerage of Scotland: containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, ... collected from the public records, and ancient chartularies of this nation, ... Illustrated with copper-plates. By Robert Douglas, Esq. January 2007. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
{{cite book}}
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ignored (help) - ^ "The Scots peerage; founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom by Paul, James Balfour". Internet Archive. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
- Mackay, Aeneas James George (1886). . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 7. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 115–116.