Rojak
Alternative names | Lotis; Rujak |
---|---|
Type | Salad |
Place of origin | Indonesia[1] |
Region or state | Java |
Associated cuisine | Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore |
Serving temperature | Fresh in room temperature |
Main ingredients | Fruits, vegetables, palm sugar, peanuts and chilli dressing. |
Rujak (Indonesian spelling) or rojak (Malay spelling) is a salad dish of Javanese origin, commonly found in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore.[2][3] The most popular variant in all three countries is a salad composed of a mixture of sliced fruit and vegetables served with a spicy palm sugar dressing.[4] It is often described as tangy and spicy fruit salad due to its sweet, hot and spicy dressing made from ground chilli, palm sugar and peanuts.[5]
There is a diverse variety of preparations, especially in Indonesian cuisine, and rujak is widely available throughout Indonesia. While the most common variant is primarily composed of fruits and vegetables, its sweet and tangy dressing is often made with prawn paste. Some recipes may contain seafood or meat components, especially in Malaysia and Singapore where a notable variant shows influence from Indian Muslim cuisine.
Etymology
Rujak is one of the oldest dishes and the earliest historically identified food of ancient Java. The word "rujak" came from the word rurujak in ancient Javanese Taji inscription (901 CE) from the era of Mataram Kingdom in Central Java.[6]
The dish was later introduced to other regions and neighboring countries by the Javanese diaspora, as well as Indian descents who had lived in Java. In Malaysia and Singapore, it is spelled as "rojak".[7][8]
Cultural significance
In Indonesia, particularly among the
Mangarabar, or rujak making, is a special event for the inhabitants of the
In Malaysia and Singapore, "rojak" is also used as a colloquial expression for an eclectic mix, in particular as a word describing the multi-ethnic character of Malaysian and Singaporean society.[13][7][14]
Indonesian rujak
Rujak Buah (fruit rujak)
In Indonesia, Rujak buah is also known as rujak manis (sweet rujak). The typical Indonesian fruit rujak consists of slices of assorted tropical fruits such as
The bumbu rujak or thick sweet spicy rujak dressing is poured on the fruit slices. An addition of sambal garam powder (a simple mixture of salt and ground red chilli) is put on side as the alternative for those who prefer a salty taste for their rujak. The Javanese people call this kind of rujak as lotis.[16]
Rujak Cuka
Rujak cuka literally means "vinegar rujak". It is a speciality of Sundanese cuisine of West Java, noted for its sour freshness. It is made of shredded fruits such as pineapple and unripe mango, and vegetables such as jícama, cabbage, bean sprouts and cucumber. It is quite similar to asinan due to its sour and spicy dressing, since both dishes contain vinegar, palm sugar and chilli.[17]
Rujak Tumbuk (Rujak Bēbēk)
This is another variant of Indonesian fruit rujak which comes from West Java.[18] The ingredients are almost the same as typical Indonesian fruit rujak, with the exception that all the ingredients are being ground or mashed together (tumbuk or bēbēk in Indonesian) in a wooden mortar. The fruits being ground are young/green pisang batu (a species of plantain), raw red yam, jicama, Java apple, kedondong and young unripe mango. The dressing is not poured on the fruit, but mashed together with all the ingredients. The dressing contains terasi prawn paste, palm sugar, salt and birds-eye chilli. Traditionally, rujak tumbuk is served in individual smaller portions on banana leaf plates called pincuk. However today, it is also commonly served in plastic cups.
Rujak Serut
This literally means "shredded rujak", and is another variant of Indonesian fruit rujak. As with rujak tumbuk, the ingredients are similar to Indonesian fruit rujak, with the exceptions that the fruits are not cut into bite-sized pieces, but shredded into a roughly grated consistency.
Rujak u' Groeh
A delicacy from Aceh province, this rujak consists of very young and tender coconut meat, young (green) papaya, bird's eye chilli, sugar, palm sugar, ice, salt and a dash of lime. This rujak is best eaten cold.[19]
Rujak Pengantin
"Pengantin" means "bride-and-groom pair" in Indonesian. This rujak is reminiscent of Indonesia's colonial cuisine. It contains slices of boiled eggs, potatoes, fried tofu, pineapple, carrot, bean sprouts, pickles, chilli, lettuce, cabbage, cucumber, emping crackers, roasted peanuts, peanut sauce and little vinegar. In some variants, the peanut sauce is mixed with mayonnaise. It is somewhat like Central Javanese gado-gado.
Rujak Kuah Pindang
Rujak is a popular street food in
Rujak Terasi
Terasi means shrimp paste. This rujak is from Lombok. It is slices of fruits like mango, kedondong (june plum), pineapple, papaya with sambal using roasted shrimp paste.[22]
Rujak Cingur
Cingur (pronounced "ching-ur") literally means "mouth" in
Rujak Petis
This is another variant of rujak from
Rujak Tolet
Similar to fruit rujak, and also from Surabaya. Aside from unripe fruits the rojak also includes fried tofu, fried garlic and optionally beef tendons. The sauce is petis-based mixed with palm sugar, slices of raw bird's eye chilli and sweet soy sauce.
Rujak Juhi
Juhi means
Rujak Shanghai
Named after "Bioscoop Shanghay" (a cinema named after Shanghai, China's most populated city) In
Rujak Soto
A delicacy from
Rujak Es Krim
The speciality dessert from Yogyakarta. Fruit rujak mixed with ice cream made from coconut milk. It is also served with sambal.[27]
Rujak Mie
Rujak mie is a dish from Palembang. The dish consists of noodles, tofu, slices of pempek, cucumber, lettuce, and cuko (sweet spicy broth).[28]
Rujak Kangkung
Rujak kangkung is a dish made from water spinach, sweet spicy sambal, and krupuk. It is a delicacy from Kuningan, West Java.[29]
Rujak Belut
In Brebes, there is a typical rujak called rujak belut. It is fried eels smeared with sambal and served with fresh chopped shallot and tomato.[30]
Rujak Bulung
Rujak bulung is a traditional rujak dish in Bali. It is edible seaweed mixed with pindang (fish) sauce, grated coconut, grated galangal, and rujak seasoning made from salt, sugar, chili peppers and shrimp paste.[31]
Rujak Kembang Katis
Rujak kembang katis or rujak bunga pepaya in Indonesian, is a food from Bangka Island. The rujak is cassava leaves, papaya flower and some other vegetables with peanut sauce.[32]
Rujak Teplak
In Tegal Regency, rujak teplak is a common rujak dish. It consists of vegetables such as water spinach, cabbage, bean sprouts, asparagus bean, papaya leaves, cassava leaves, banana blossom smeared with spicy sauce. The sauce is made from chilis, peanuts and cassava. The dish is served with cracker called kerupuk mie (noodle cracker).[33]
Malaysian and Singaporean rojak
Rojak Buah (fruit rojak)
In Malaysia and Singapore, fruit rojak typically consists of cucumber, pineapple,
A popular variant found in
Rojak India
In Malaysia, mamak rojak (also known as Indian rojak or
In Singapore, Indian rojak consists of an assortment of potatoes, hard-boiled eggs, tofu and prawn fritters, often colorfully dyed. Customers typically select their favorite items from a display, after which they are heated up in a wok, chopped up, and served with a sweet and spicy peanut and chilli sauce on the side for dipping.[37]
Rojak Bandung
A Singaporean dish known as
See also
- Asinan – Indonesian pickled vegetable or fruit dish
- Gado-gado – Indonesian salad dish
- List of fruit dishes
- List of salads
- Mamak stall – Type of food stall
- Mamuang nampla wan – Mangoes with sweetened fish sauce
- Pasembur – Malaysian salad dish
- Pecel – Indonesian vegetable dish
- Bahasa Rojak – Pidgin language of Malaysia
- Food portal
References
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- ^ Afriliana, Linda. "Resep Rujak Terasi Khas Lombok". pikiran-rakyat.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 23 March 2023.
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- ^ Tifani, Tifani. "Rujak Bulung, Kuliner Bali yang Bukan dari Buah-Buahan". liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 23 March 2023.
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- ^ "Nikmatnya Rujak Teplak, Makanan Khas Tegal yang Sehat". kumparan.com (in Indonesian). PanturaPost. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
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- ^ Cheong Kamei (November 2019). "Food places in Butterworth Penang locals love". Jetstar. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ^ a b "Top 10 Most Ordered Mamak Foods in Malaysia". Explorer Malaysia.
- ^ "6 best Indian rojak stalls in Singapore for your midday snack fix". 18 August 2022.
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- ^ "Bandung", Online Dictionary, Cari.com.my, archived from the original on 22 July 2011, retrieved 29 March 2010