Roman Catholic Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg

Coordinates: 46°48′22″N 7°09′46″E / 46.8062°N 7.1627°E / 46.8062; 7.1627
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg

Dioecesis Lausannensis, Genevensis, et Friburgensis

Diocèse de Lausanne, Genève et Fribourg
Bistum Lausanne, Genf und Freiburg
St Nicholas
Secular priests244 (diocesan)
159 (Religious Orders)
35 Permanent Deacons
Current leadership
PopeFrancis
BishopCharles Morerod
Auxiliary BishopsPierre Farine
Alain de Raemy
Map
Map of the diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg within Switzerland
Map of the diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg within Switzerland
Website
diocese-lgf.ch

The Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg (

Catholic diocese in Switzerland, which is (as all sees in the Alpine country) exempt (i.e. immediately subject to the Holy See, not part of any ecclesiastical province). The original diocese of Lausanne was a suffragan of the archdiocese of Besançon, through the 18th century.[1] The diocese of Geneva was a suffragan of the archdiocese of Vienne.[2]

It comprises the Cantons of

prince-bishoprics until they were secularized during the Reformation. Until 1924, it was called the Diocese of Lausanne and Geneva. The diocese has its seat at Fribourg. The current bishop is Charles Morerod
, O.P., who was ordained and installed on 11 December 2011.

Despite the name, it has no direct link with the former

Diocese of Chambéry
, which was promoted a Metropolitan see but lost former Genevan territory to the Diocese of Lausanne in 1819.

History

Lausanne

The origin of the See of Lausanne can be traced to the ancient See of

Diocese of Konstanz.[8]

Lausanne was originally a

Napoleonic Concordat
of 1801.

In medieval times, as attested by the charter of the

Grimsel, and down the Aar to Attiswil.[9] In addition to confirming previous grants, Henry gave the diocese the places called Muratum, Lustriacum, Carbarissa, Corise, Cubizaca, Leuco and Natres.[10] These are mentioned in the bull "Cogit nos" of Pope Alexander III of 17 October 1179, in which he takes the diocese of Lausanne under papal protection at the request of the recently elected Bishop Roger.[11]

Thus the diocese included the town of

Gruyère and most of the Bernese Oberland.[12]

The present diocese includes the Cantons of Fribourg, Vaud and Neuchâtel.

Bishops

Main article: Bishop of Lausanne

Bishop Marius of Avenches attended the Synod of Mâcon of 585.

St. Prosper of Aquitaine.[16] The episcopal see of Avenches may have been transferred to Lausanne by Marius, or possibly not before 610.[17]

The most distinguished subsequent bishops are:

Pope Eugenius III visited Lausanne, between 14 and 20 May 1148.[20]

Felix V
, by whom he was made a cardinal.

Bishop

Giuliano della Rovere
(1472–76) in 1503 ascended the papal throne as Julius II.

Meanwhile, the bishops of Lausanne, who had been

disputed – discuss
] but their temporal power only extended over a small part of the diocese, namely over the city and district of Lausanne, as well as a few towns and villages in the Cantons of Vaud and Fribourg; on the other hand, the bishops possessed many vassals among the most distinguished of the patrician families of what is now western Switzerland.

Diocesan government

For the government of the diocese there were, besides the bishop, two vicars-general, one living at Geneva, the other at Fribourg.[25] Though the office existed in the church for more than a century, the earliest known vicar-general in Lausanne was Bishop Joannes of Lacedaemon (1299–1300).[26] There were, moreover, a provicarius generalis, who is also chancellor of the diocese, and a secretary.

Advocates

At least as early as 813, at the Council of Mainz, summoned by Charlemagne, the bishops advised all bishops and abbots, as well as the whole clergy, that they should have good vicedomini, provosts, and advocates or defenders.[27] An advocate Trogo is known at Lausanne in 885, and an Elduin in 896. A count Anselm, perhaps a count of Equestres, is recorded between 926 and 954.[28]

The guardianship of the ecclesiastical property (advocati,

Kyburg (1218);[32] and finally the counts (later dukes) of Savoy
. These guardians, whose only duty originally was the protection of the diocese, enlarged their jurisdiction at the expense of the diocesan rights and even filled the episcopal see with members of their families.

On 18 December 1480, Abbot Franciscus de Villarsel of the Benedictine abbey of S. John Erlacensis, acting as arbiter, published the negotiated terms of an agreement between Bishop Benoit de Montferrand and the Syndics of the community of Lausanne concerning the reciprocal rights of the two parties.[33] In July 1481, upper Lausanne (the city) and lower Lausanne (the bourg) united into one community, giving all the burghers greater influence in civil affairs.[34] Quarrels broke out between the city of Lausanne and the bishop, which in 1482 ended up being litigated in the council of the Duke of Savoy.[35] Quarrels continued, during which the city of Lausanne, with the aid of Bern and Fribourg, acquired new rights, and gradually freed itself from episcopal suzerainty.[36] When Bishop Sebastian de Montfaucon (1517–1560) took sides with the Duke of Savoy in a battle against Bern, the Bernese used this as a pretext to seize the city of Lausanne.

Chapter and cathedral

The cathedral chapter of Lausanne was in existence by the 9th century.[37] The earliest known canons are attested in 856.[38] By 1228, the Chapter had 32 canons.[39] It was suppressed at the time of the Protestant Reformation and has never been re-established, in consequence of which the choice of a bishop rests with the Holy See.[40]

The

Fourth Lateran Council (1215) ruled that elections for a bishop were to be conducted by the college of canons, and clandestine elections were forbidden; anyone elected through the abuse of secular power became ineligible for the office and could not hold another dignity.[43] Since the Reformation, the bishops of Lausanne have been directly appointed by the pope.[44]

The leaders of the town of Fribourg had built the church of S. Nicholas, and staffed it with seven priests who carried on its liturgical functions. They were eager to increase its status and stability, and had petitioned the cardinal legate,

cantor, and twelve canons.[45][46] The citizens of Fribourg were granted the right to nominate candidates to a vacancy, but the right to approve and institute the provost was reserved to the pope; the bishop had the right to institute the dean; and the cantor and canons were instituted by the provost.[47] This collegiate church served in the place of a diocesan cathedral, lacking since the cathedral of St. Pierre at Geneva and that of Notre-Dame at Lausanne were given over to Protestantism at the time of the Reformation. [citation needed
]

The Reformation

Religious affiliations c. 1800

The cantons of Vaud, Neuchâtel and Bern were entirely lost by the See of Lausanne to the Reformation. Due to the political union of Bern, Fribourg and Lausanne, the Protestant preacher Guillaume Farel was able to preach in public in Lausanne in 1529.[48]

On 31 March 1536,

Swiss Reformed Church. Bishop Sebastian died an exile in 1560, and his three successors were likewise exiles. It was only in 1614, under Bishop Jean de Watteville, that the bishop's residence was provisionally established at Fribourg, where it has since remained.[49]

Shortly after the relocation of the bishops of Lausanne to Fribourg, efforts began to institute a seminary for priests, in accordance with the directives of the Council of Trent. An approach was made to the Cantonal Government in 1583, but the project was rejected. In the meantime, a "maison d'exercices" was established in Fribourg, in the 1680s, for a year's study before a priest took up a parish position. Finally, Bishop Pierre de Montenach established a proper seminary at the village of Surpierre, in the valley of the Broye, which lasted from 1692 to 1709.[50] In November 1795, a diocesan seminary was established in Fribourg, conducted by the directors of the seminary of Besançon who had been expelled from their diocese by agents of the French revolution.[51]

The French revolution and its consequences

By the

Diocese of Belley, which surrounded the city, and the department of Doubs was created with its center at Besançon. The diocese of Bellay was assigned to the Metropole de l'Est, governed by the archbishop of Besançon.[52] By the Concordat of 29 November 1801 between the First Consul Napoleon and Pope Pius VII, the diocese of Belley was assigned as a suffragan of the archdiocese of Besançon,[53] while the territory of the diocese of Geneva was assigned to the ecclesiastical province of Vienne, and its title was suppressed.[54]

In 1814 the parishes of Solothurn, in 1828 those of the

Pius VII assigned, in a papal brief of 20 September 1819,[55] the city of Geneva and twenty parishes belonging to the old Diocese of Geneva to the See of Lausanne.[56] Subsequently, the government of Geneva petitioned the pope to remove the honorific title of bishop of Geneva from the diocese of Cambrai and transfer it to the bishop of Lausanne, which the pope did on 18 December 1820.[57] The bishop, Petrus Tohias Yenni (1815-1845)[58]) retained his residence at Fribourg, and since 1821 has borne the title and arms of the Bishops of Lausanne and Geneva. His vicar general resides at Geneva
, and is always parish priest of that city.

Lausanne and Geneva

Bishop Yenni died on 8 December 1845 and was succeeded by

Château de Chillon, on Lake Geneva, and then spent eight years in exile in France; he was allowed to return to his diocese on 19 December 1856.[17]

On 22 September 1864, Pope Pius IX appointed the vicar general of Geneva, Gaspard Mermillod, as titular bishop of Hebron and auxiliary bishop of Lausanne and Geneva.[61] The appointment had been opposed by Bishop Marilley and Bishop Peter-Josef de Preux of Sion, but had been encouraged by Bishop Eugène Lachat of Basel and Bishop Karl Greith of Sankt Gallen.[62] Mermillod has been characterized as "a dynamic personality, an effective preacher, socially adept and openly desirous of expanding the faith by conversions and missionary work.[63] He attended the First Vatican Council in 1869 and 1870, and spoke vigorously and voted for the proposed doctrine of papal infallibility. His ultramontane position became a campaign issue in the canton of Geneva, and helped to return the anti-clerical and leftist Radical Party to power. They began to pass restrictive legislation against religious orders, refusing to deal with Mermillod, claiming correctly that the proper authority was the bishop of Lausanne.[64] Mermillod appealed to Pius IX for help. and in 1873, he detached the Genevese territory from the diocese of Lausanne, made it a separate apostolic vicariate, and appointed Mermillod as its vicar apostolic. By this action, Geneva was again severed from the Diocese of Lausanne and Freiburg, contrary to the wishes of the civil authorities, and, it was asserted, the wishes of a majority of the Catholic population.[65] The Apostolic Vicariate of Geneva was not recognized by either the State Council of Geneva or the Swiss Federal Council, and Mermillod was banished from Switzerland by a 17 February 1873 decree of the Federal Council.[66] He went into exile in Ferney, France, some 10 km (6.5 mi) to the north, from which he continued to govern Geneva. When the pope condemned this measure on the part of the Swiss, the Government answered, on 12 December 1873, by expelling the Nuncio. With the death of Pius IX in 1878, however, the papal government decided that the church would conform to the ecclesiastical laws of the Canton of Bern, and renounced permanently the plan to restore the diocese of Geneva.[67]

After Bishop Marilley had resigned his diocese in 1879, Christophore Cosandey [fr], the Provost at Fribourg's seminary, was elected Bishop of Lausanne and Geneva,[68] and after his death in 1882, Mermillod was appointed bishop. Mermillod was able to return to Switzerland in 1883, and assume the government of the diocese of Lausanne. The Apostolic Vicariate of Geneva was given up; the conflict between Rome and the Government of the Swiss Federation ended. In 1890, Pope Leo XIII made Mermillod a cardinal and he moved to Rome. Joseph Déruaz [fr] was named as his successor.[17]

Bishops of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg

In 1924, stating that Fribourg was the capital of a Swiss Canton as well as of a district, and that the bishops of Lausanne and Geneva had lived in Fribourg for nearly three centuries, Pope Pius XI ordered that the diocese of Lausanne, in addition to having also the title of Geneva, should also add the title of Fribourg; that the collegiate church of S. Nicholas in Fribourg should be raised to the status of a cathedral; that the collegiate Chapter should become the cathedral Chapter, consisting of three dignities (Provost, Dean and Cantor) and seven residential prebendary canons, appointment of the dignities being reserved to the pope, the rest to the bishop.([69] The new title was: the diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg.

  • Marius Besson (7 May 1920 Appointed – 22 Feb 1945 Died)
  • François Charrière (20 Oct 1945 Appointed – 29 Dec 1970 Retired)
  • Pierre Mamie (29 Dec 1970 Appointed – 9 Nov 1995 Retired)
  • Amédée Grab O.S.B. (9 Nov 1995 Appointed – 12 Jun 1998 Confirmed, Bishop of Chur)
  • Bernard Genoud (18 Mar 1999 Appointed – 21 Sep 2010 Died)
  • Charles Morerod, O.P. (3 Nov 2011 Appointed – )

Education

Among the more important educational establishments within the diocese is the University of Fribourg, founded in 1889, by the City Council of Fribourg, with the permission of the Cantonal Council of Fribourg; it was preceded by and built upon the Academy of Jurisprudence, founded in 1763.[70]

There is also the theological seminary of St. Charles at Fribourg, with seven ecclesiastical professors; the cantonal school of St. Michel, also at Fribourg, which comprises a German and French gymnasium, a

Realschule (corresponding somewhat to the English first-grade schools) and commercial school, as well as a lyceum, the rector of which was a clergyman. This school had in 1910 about 800 pupils, with 40 ecclesiastical and as many lay professors. Three other cantonal universities existed in the diocese: Geneva (founded by Calvin in 1559, and in 1873 raised to the rank of a university with five faculties); Neuchâtel (1866, academy; 1909, university); Lausanne (1537, academy; university since 1890, with five faculties). Geneva and Lausanne both have cantonal Protestant theological faculties, Neuchâtel a "Faculté de théologie de l'église indépendante de l'état". [citation needed
]

Statistics

In 1228, the cathedral Provost, Conon d'Estavayer, reported that there were 9 deaneries in the diocese, containing 301 parishes. The deanery of Lausanne, with the cathedral and 20 parishes; the deanery of Avenches (Aventica), with 36 parishes; the deanery of Soleure (Salodorensis), with 33 parishes; the deanery of Vevey (Viveis, cantons of Vaud and Fribourg), with 40 parishes; the deanery of Neuchâtel (Jura Vaudois, Jorat, and Neuchâtel), with 72 parishes; the deanery of Outre-Venoge, with 32 parishes; the deanery of Ogo, with 28 parishes; the deanery of Fribourg, with 16 parishes; and the deanery of Bern, with 28 parishes.[71]

Around 1900, according to Büchi

Catholics; consequently, the latter formed nearly 35% of the whole population of the bishopric. The Catholics inhabit principally the Canton of Fribourg (excepting the Lake District) and the country parishes transferred to Geneva in 1515, four communes in the Canton of Neuchâtel, and ten in the Canton of Vaud. The Catholic population in the Cantons of Fribourg and Geneva consisted principally of farmers, in both of the other cantons it is also recruited from the labouring classes. The Catholics were distributed among 193 parishes, of which 162 allotted to Lausanne, 31 to Geneva. The number of secular priests was 390, those belonging to orders 70. [citation needed
]

Reports of sex abuse

On July 15, 2020, a Vatican investigation revealed that the number of reported cases of abuse involving Catholic priests and monks serving in the Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg have been increasing over the past few years[vague], and that the payment of financial compensation which people in the Diocese distributed for victims of abuse totaled CHF675,000 ($718,000) in 2018 - up from CHF425,000 in the previous year - according to figures released by the Vatican News Service. However, another Catholic Church inquiry found the Bishop Charles Morerod did not protect a former priest in the Diocese who was facing sex abuse allegations, but that he was unaware of the seriousness of the allegations when they were reported to him. The accused former priest, who submitted his resignation the previous month, was alleged to have sexually abused a 17-year-old and molested a fellow priest between 1998 and 2011.[74]

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 255, note 1.
  2. ^ Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 223, note 1.
  3. ^ Friedrich Maassen (ed.), Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Legum sectio III: Concilia Tomus I: "Concilia aevi merovingici", (in Latin), (Hannover: Hahn 1893), pp. 15-30.
  4. ^ Maassen, "Concilia aevi merovingici" pp. 65–71
  5. ^ Maassen, "Concilia aevi merovingici", 86-99
  6. ^ Maassen, "Concilia aevi merovingici", pp. 99-112.
  7. ^ Marius Besson was bishop of Lausanne (1920–1945), with a special interest in Saint Marius the first bishop of Lausanne. Besson, (1906), Recherches sur les origines des évêchés de Genève, Lausanne, Sion et leurs premiers titulaires jusqu'au déclin du VIe siècle, (in French), Fribourg: O. Gschwend, 1906, pp. 137-209.
  8. ^ Reymond, p. 5.
  9. ^ Gingins-La Serra & Forel, pp. ix-x; pp. 3-5.
  10. ^ These were: Morat, Lutry, Corsier, Chexbres, Leuck, and Natres. Gingins-La Serra & Forel, pp. xi-xii.
  11. ^ Gingins-La Serra & Forel, pp. xi; pp. 24-27. The bull repeated similar bulls of Pope Innocent II (1138) and Eugenius III (1146).
  12. ^ Gingins-La Serra & Forel, pp. xii-xiii, provide a summary of the domains of the bishop.
  13. ^ Maassen, "Concilia", 163-73
  14. ^ G. Waitz (ed.), in: Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptorum, Tomus XXIV (Hanover, 1879), p. 794; also in Mémoires et documents publiés par la Société de la Suisse Romande, VI, (Lausanne, 1851), p. 29.
  15. ^ For his epitaph in verse, formerly in the church of St. Thyrsius at Lausanne, see Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptorum, vol. XXIV, p. 795. Conon d'Estevayer says that both Marius and Bishop Chilmegesilus were buried in S. Thyrsius: Dupraz, La Cathedrale de Lausanne, p. 21.
  16. ^ Patrologia Latina, Vol. LXXII, pp. 793-802; also in: Monumenta Germaniae historica: Auctorum antiquissimorum, (in Latin), Volume 11 (Berlin: Weidmann, 1894), pp. 227-239.
  17. ^ a b c Gregor Reinhold, "Lausanne and Geneva (Lausannensis et Genevensis)," The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 9 (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910); retrieved: 11 February 2024.
  18. ^ Dupraz, La Cathedrale de Lausanne, p. 24-27. Schmitt, vol. 1, pp. 332-333.
  19. ^ Jacques-Paul Migne (ed.), Patrologiae cursus completus: Series Latina, Volume 188 (Paris: Apud Garnier Fratres, 1855), pp. 1277–1348.
  20. ^ Philippus Jaffé, Regesta Pontificum Romanorum Tomus II, (in Latin) (Leipzig: Veit 1888), p. 57.
  21. ^ Eubel, Hierarchia catholica Vol. 1, p. 296 with note 1. See D. Rattinger, "Der hl. Bonifaz, Universitätsprofessor zu Paris, Domscholaster zu Köln , Bischof von Lausanne, Weihbischof in Brabant und den Niederlanden," in: Stimmen aus Maria-Laach, (in German), vol. 50 (Fribourg, 1896), 10-23, 139-157.
  22. ^ He names himself "Nos Georgius de Saluciis dei et apostolice sedis gratia Lausannensis Episcopus et Comes", not "Princeps".
  23. ^ "Jurisdiction and Rights of the Cathedral Chapter of Lausanne", in: Mémoires et documents publiés par la Société d'histoire de la Suisse romande, (in Latin and French), Volume 7 (Lausanne: La Société, 1846), pp. 545-562.
  24. ^ Mémoires et documents publiés par la Société d'histoire de la Suisse romande,, pp. 563-581.
  25. ^ Reymond, pp.69-74.
  26. ^ Reymond, p. 73 (with a list of the known vicars-general).
  27. ^ Albert Werminghoff (ed.), Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Legum sectio III. Concilia, (in Latin), Vol. 2 (Hannover: Hahn 1904), p. 272: "Omnibus igitur episcopis, abbatibus cunctoque clero omnino praecipimus vicedominos, praepositos, advocatos sive defensores bonos habere, non malos, non crudeles, non cup-idos, non periurs, non falsitatem amantes...."
  28. ^ Reymond, pp. 93-94.
  29. ^ Reymond, pp. 92-101.
  30. ^ Count Aimon: Reymond, p. 95.
  31. ^ The office of advocate was assigned to them by Frederick Barbarossa: Reymond, p. 96.
  32. ^ Reymond, p. 97.
  33. ^ Mémoires et documents publiés par la Société d'histoire de la Suisse romande, Vol. 7, pp. 602-609.
  34. ^ Mémoires et documents publiés par la Société d'histoire de la Suisse romande, Vol. 7, pp. 610-620.
  35. ^ Mémoires et documents publiés par la Société d'histoire de la Suisse romande, Vol. 7, pp. xix-xx; 621-668.
  36. ^ Sharing of citizenship among the three cities, 13 January 1533: Mémoires et documents publiés par la Société d'histoire de la Suisse romande, Vol. 7, pp. 744-745. Oechsli, p. 134.
  37. ^ Reymond, pp. 70-71.
  38. ^ Reymond, p. 241.
  39. ^ The number of 32 is first attested in 1228: Hauréau, Gallia christiana, Vol. 15, p. 325.
  40. ^ Knapp, Dictionnaire géographique de la Suisse,, p. 50, col. 2.
  41. ^ Reymond, p. 23. J.D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, (in Latin), (Venice: A. Zatta 1776), p. 533: Canon 28, "Interdicimus, ne canonici de sede episcopali ab electione episcoporum excludant religiosos viros, sed eorum consilio honesta et idonea persona in episcopum eligatur. Quod si exclusis ejusdem religiosis electio fuerit celebrata, quod absque eorum assensu et convenientis factum fuerit, irritum habeatur et vacuum."
  42. ^ Gingins-La Serra; Forel, François (edd.), Mémoires et documents publiés par la Société d'histoire de la Suisse romande, (in French and Latin). Volume 7 (Lausanne: G. Bridel, 1846) p. 7. Schmitt, vol. 1, pp. 414-416, attributes this provision to the work of Bishop Amedeus, who was attempting to exclude the interference of the emperor or his vicar in the proceedings, particularly that of the hostile Duke Conrad of Zähringen (pp. 409, 411).
  43. ^ Reumond, pp. 23-24. J.D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, (in Latin), (Venice: A. Zatta 1778), pp. 1011-1014: Canons 24 and 25.
  44. ^ Knapp, Dictionnaire géographique de la Suisse,, p. 50, col. 2.
  45. ^ J.N.E. Berchtold, Histoire du Canton de Fribourg, (in French), Tome 2 (Fribourg: J.-L. Piller 1845), pp. 129-130. Schmitt, vol. 2, p. 253. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 239, note 1.
  46. ^ Berchtold prints the complete text of the bull, "Injunctum Nobis", 20 December 1512, on pp. 396-398: "... in ea una præpositura quæ inibi dignitas principalis, et unus Decanatus ac una Cantoria quæ inibi dignitates existant, et duodecim canonicatus et totidem præbendæ erigerentur et instituerentur...."
  47. ^ "... jus præsentandi personas idoneas ad Præposituram, Decanatum et Cantoriam nec non Canonicatus et præbendas prædictos, dum illos pro tempore vacare contigerit, eisdem Universitati, institutio vero Præpositi nobis et Romano Pontifici, Decani vero Episcopo Lausannensi, Cantoris autem et Canonicorum Præposito ecclesiæ sancti Nicolai...."
  48. ^ Oechsli, p. 140.
  49. ^ Schmitt, Vol. 2, pp. 424-427.
  50. ^ J. Beaud, "Un Séminaire diocésain à Surpierre (canton de Fribourg), d'après des documents inédits," (in French), in: Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique Suisse vol. 3 (1909), pp. 30-44, at p. .
  51. ^ Schmitt, vol. 2, p. 540.
  52. ^ Jean Baptiste Duvergier, Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, réglemens, avis du Conseil-d'Etat: juil. 1788-oct. 1790, Tome 1, second édition (in French) (Paris: A. Guyot & Scribe 1834), pp. 242-243.
  53. ^ "L'archevêché de Besançon et son suffragant, l'évêché de Belley." Besançon received new suffragans: "L'archevêché de Besançon, et les nouveaux évêchés d'Autun, Strasbourg, Dijon, Nanci et Metz, que nous lui assignons pour suffragans." (Duvergier, p. 375)
  54. ^ J.B. Duvergier (ed.), Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, réglemens et avis du Conseil d'état, (in French and Latin), Volume 13 (Paris: A. Guyot et Scribe, 1826), pp. 372-373: "L'archevêché de Vienne dans le ci-devant Dauphiné et ses suffragans, les évèchés de Grenoble, Viviers, Valence, Die, Maurienne et Genève;" p. 387.
  55. ^ Pius VII, "Temporum vices," in: Bullarii Romani Continuatio Tomus decimus quintus (15), (in Latin), (Rome: 1853), p. 370, § 2.
  56. ^ Knapp, Dictionnaire géographique de la Suisse, p. 50 column 2.
  57. ^ Pius VII, "Temporum vices,", 30 January 1821, in: Bullarii Romani Continuatio 15, p. 370-371, § 3.
  58. ^ Schmitt, vol. 2, pp. 546-550.
  59. ^ Jean Grimaud, 'Notice biographique sur sa grandeur Mgr. Étienne Marilley, évêque de Lausanne et de Genève, archevêque de Myre, (in French), (Lausanne: Impr. Fragnière, 1889), p. 7.
  60. ^ Schmitt, p. 551.
  61. ^ Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica Vol. VIII, pp. 51, 300, and 335.
  62. ^ Ellen Lovell Evans, The Cross and the Ballot: Catholic Political Parties in Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands, 1785-1985, (Leiden-Boston: Brill 1999), p. 85.
  63. ^ E.L. Evans, p. 85, citing Marc Pfeiffer, Der Kulturkampf in Genf (1864–1873), mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ausweissung von Bishof Mermillod (Zurich: University of Zurich Press 1970), pp 24-33.
  64. ^ E.L. Evans, p. 85-86.
  65. OCLC 7110762. Archived
    from the original on 6 June 2006. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  66. ^ Owen Chadwick, History of the Popes, 1830–1914 (Oxford University Press 1998), pp. 289-290. James MacCaffrey, History of the Catholic Church in the Nineteenth Century (1789-1908), (Dublin & Waterford: M. H. Gill and son, Limited, 1910), pp. 348-349, 351.
  67. ^ Oechsli, pp. 413-414.
  68. ^ J. Genoud, Vie de sa grandeur Mgr. Dr. Cosandey, évêque de Lausanne, (in French), Fribourg: Impr. catholique suisse, 1885.
  69. ^ Pius XI, apostolic constitution "Sollicitudo omnium", 17 October 1924, in: Acta Apostolicae Sedis Vol. 17 (Romae: Typis polyglottis Vaticanis 1925), pp. 57-61.
  70. ^ University of Fribourg: History; retrieved 11 February 2024.
  71. ^ Conon d'Estavayer (1851). Cartulaire du Chapitre de Notre-Dame de Lausanne., pp. 10-27. Knapp (ed.), Dictionnaire géographique de la Suisse,, PA50 column 1.
  72. ^ A. Buchi, Die Katholische Kirche in der Schweiz, (in German), Munich, 1902.
  73. ^ Charles Knapp (ed.), Dictionnaire géographique de la Suisse, (in French), Volume 3 (Société neuchâteloise de géographie. Neuchâtel: Attinger Frères, 1905), Vol. 3, pp. 49-51.
  74. ^ "Investigation clears bishop in sex abuse case". 15 July 2020.

Sources

External links

46°48′22″N 7°09′46″E / 46.8062°N 7.1627°E / 46.8062; 7.1627

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