Roman Rota
Part of a series on the |
Roman Curia |
---|
Catholicism portal |
Part of a series on the |
Canon law of the Catholic Church |
---|
Catholicism portal |
The Roman Rota, formally the Apostolic Tribunal of the Roman Rota (
Constitution
The
The Rota issues its decrees and sentences in Latin.[10] The Rota adjudicates cases in a panel (called a turnus) of three auditors, or more, depending on the complexity of the matter, assigned by the dean of the tribunal, though sometimes a larger number of auditors are assigned to a particular case.[11] The auditors of the Rota are selected from among recognized ecclesiastical judges serving various dioceses around the world.[citation needed]
History
Since at least 1961,[14] the Rota has been based in the Palazzo della Cancelleria, along with the other courts of the Holy See: the Apostolic Penitentiary and the Apostolic Signatura.[citation needed]
In March 2020, Pope Francis issued a new Vatican law which provides for greater independence of judicial bodies and magistrates dependent on the Pope. It also specifies the requirements for the appointment of judges and it simplifies the judicial system while increasing the staff of the court.[15]
Name
Until the 14th century, the court was formally known as the Apostolic Court of Audience. The first recorded use of the term Rota, which referred to the wheel-shaped arrangement of the benches used by the court in the great hall at Avignon, is in Thomas Fastolf's Decisiones rotae, consisting of reports on thirty-six cases heard at the Court of Audience in Avignon between December 1336 and February 1337.[16] Its first usage in a papal bull is in 1418.[12] It is also possible that the term Rota comes from the porphyry wheel that was centered in the marble floor of Avignon, or even from the wheel-like cases in which parchment roll records were kept.[17]
Operations
The Rota's main function is that of an appellate tribunal, ordinarily reviewing decisions of lower courts if the initial court (first instance) and the first appellate court (second instance) do not agree on the outcome of a case;
The Roman Rota proceedings are governed by a specific set of rules, the "Normae Romanae Rotae Tribunalis", promulgated in 1994 by Pope John Paul II.[24] Only advocates who are registered in a specific list are allowed to represent the parties before the Tribunal.[25]
Since Pope Benedict XVI issued the motu proprio Quaerit semper the Rota has had exclusive competence to dispense from marriages ratum sed non consummatum and is also competent to examine cases concerning the nullity of sacred ordination, in accordance with both universal and proper law.[26]
Auditors
This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2021) |
The active auditors of the Rota, with their dates of appointment by the pope, are:
- Alejandro Arellano Cedillo (Dean) (25 April 2007; named Dean 30 March 2021)[27]
- Maurice Monier (Pro-Dean) (9 January 1995; named Pro-Dean 12 December 2016)
- Grzegorz Erlebach (4 November 1997)
- Jair Ferreira Pena (8 February 1999)
- Michael Xavier Leo Arokiaraj (25 April 2007)
- David Maria A. Jaeger (3 June 2011)[28]
- Vito Angelo Todisco (4 October 2011)
- Felipe Heredia Esteban (4 October 2011)
- Davide Salvatori (30 December 2011)
- Alejandro W. Bunge (17 April 2013)
- Antonio Bartolacci (23 January 2014)
- Manuel Saturino da Costa Gomes (23 January 2014)
- Pietro Milite (9 January 2015)
- Miroslav Konštanc Adam (22 March 2016)[29]
- José Fernando Mejía Yáñez (22 March 2016)
- Francesco Viscome (21 November 2016)
- Hans-Peter Fischer (20 July 2017)
- Robert Gołębiowski (19 July 2019)[30]
- Antonios Chouweifaty (25 April 2022)[31]
- Laurence John Spiteri (25 April 2022)
- Pierangelo Pietracatella, (23 January 2023)[32]
Officers
This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2021) |
- Tomasz Kubiczek, (Promoter of Justice)[33]
- Domenico Teti, (Adjunct Promoter of Justice)
- Jude Barthomieux Frédéric, (Defender of the Bond)[34]
- Francesco Ibba, (Substitute Defender of the Bond)
- Alessandro Recchia, (Second Notary)
- Dr. Daniele Cancilla, (Head of the Chancellory)[35]
References
- ^ Codex Iuris Canonici [CIC] canons 1443, 1444.
- ^ Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium [CCEO] canon 1065.
- ^ See John Paul II, ap. con. Pastor Bonus art. 121, 80 Acta Apostolicae Sedis 841 (1988) (noting that the Apostolic Signatura is the supreme tribunal)
- ^ 1983 CIC, can. 1442
- ^ Peters, Edward (7 January 2013). "Canon Law—Canonistics—Rota Background". CanonLaw.info. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021.
- ^ Pastor Bonus art. 127.
- ^ "Vatican Appeals Court: Mgr Pio Vito Pinto President". 13 December 2012. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
- ^ Cheney, David M. "Father Pio Vito Pinto". Catholic-Hierarchy. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ "Resignations and Appointments - Appointment of dean of the Tribunal of the Roman Rota" (PDF). No. Daily Bulletin of 30.03.2021. Holy See Press Office. 30 March 2021. pp. 3–4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
- ^ Pastor Bonus art. 16 (Latin is the official language of the Roman Curia).
- ^ Canon L. Socy. Gr. Brit. & Ir., The Canon Law Letter and Spirit: A Practical Guide to the Code of Canon Law ¶ 2907, at 837 (Gerard Sheehy et al. eds., Liturgical Press 1995).
- ^ a b Anne O'Hare McCormick, Vatican Journal: 1921-1954 (New York: Farrar, Strause and Cudahy, 1957) pg. 43
- ^ Anne O'Hare McCormick, Vatican Journal: 1921-1954 (New York: Farrar, Strause and Cudahy, 1957) pg. 39
- ^ "Catholic News Service - Newsfeeds". National Catholic Welfare Conference). 18 September 1961. p. 3. Archived from the original on 3 April 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
By maintaining his private apartment in the Chancellery Palace, he remains close by his old legal haunts: both the Rota, which he served so long, and the Apostolic Signature have their offices in the Chancellery.
- ^ Wells, Christopher (16 March 2020). "New law for Vatican City responds to current needs". Vatican News. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
- ^ John Hamilton Baker, Monuments of endlesse labours: English canonists and their work (1998), p. 22
- ^ Anne O'Hare McCormick, Vatican Journal: 1921-1954 (New York: Farrar, Strause and Cudahy, 1957) pp. 37-38
- ^ Pastor Bonus art. 128 § 2.
- ^ Pastor bonus art. 128 § 1.
- ^ See Pastor Bonus art. 129 § 1.
- ^ Art. 18,2 Normae Rotalis
- ^ See Pastor bonus art. 122 (noting that the Apostolic Signatura, from Rotal sentences, hears plaints of nullity, petitions for total reinstatement, and petitions for new examination of status-of-persons cases and also hears misconduct proceedings against Rotal auditors).
- ^ Art. 33 Proper Law of Segnatura Apostolica
- ^ (Acta Apostolicae Sedis, June 6 1994)
- ^ art 47, Normae Rotalis
- ^ Quaerit semper, Vatican.va, accessed 7 July 2014
- ^ Cheney, David M. "Father Alejandro Arellano Cedillo". Catholic-Hierarchy. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ Zarchin, Tomer (3 June 2011). "Israeli Jew turned Catholic priest named head of papal court". Haaretz. Retrieved 5 June 2011. Note that the headline errs in stating that Jaeger was appointed "head" of the court; the body of the article does not make this mistake.
- ^ "Fr Konštane Adam Appointed Judge of the Roman Rota". 31 March 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Resignations and Appointments, 19.07.2019". Holy See Press Office. No. Daily Bulletin of 19.07.2019. 19 July 2019. Archived from the original on 3 April 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
- ^ "Resignations and Appointments, 25.04.2022". Holy See Press Office. No. Daily Bulletin of 25.04.2022. 25 April 2022. Archived from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ^ "Resignations and Appointments, 23.01.2023". Holy See Press Office. No. Daily Bulletin of 23.01.2023. 23 January 2023. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
- ^ "Resignations and Appointments, 28.09.2019". Holy See Press Office. No. Daily Bulletin of 28.09.2019. 28 September 2019. Archived from the original on 3 April 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
- ^ "Resignations and Appointments, 12.01.2023". Holy See Press Office. No. Daily Bulletin of 12.01.2023. 12 January 2023. Archived from the original on 3 April 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
- ^ "Resignations and Appointments, 19.06.2017". Holy See Press Office. No. Daily Bulletin of 19.06.2017. 19 June 2017. Archived from the original on 3 April 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
External links
- Tribunal of the Roman Rota
- Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts
- GCatholic.org
- Capellani Papae et Apostolicae Sedis auditores causarum Sacri Palatii Apostolici seu Sacra Romana Rota ab origine ad diem usque 20 septembris 1870
- Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .