Romanization of Serbian
The romanization or Latinization of Serbian is the representation of the
Gaj's Latin alphabet is widely used in Serbia. The two are almost directly and completely interchangeable. Romanization can be done with no errors, but in some cases knowledge of Serbian is required to do proper transliteration from Latin back to Cyrillic. Standard Serbian uses both alphabets currently. A survey from 2014 showed that 47% of the Serbian population favors the Latin alphabet whereas 36% favors Cyrillic; the remaining 17% preferred neither.[1]
Use of romanization
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Serbo-Croatian was regarded as a single language since the 1850 Vienna Literary Agreement, to be written in two forms: one (Serb) in the adapted Serbian Cyrillic alphabet; the other (Croat) in the adapted Croatian Latin alphabet,[2] that is to say Gaj's Latin alphabet.
The Latin alphabet was not initially taught in schools in Serbia when it became independent in the 19th century. After a series of efforts by Serbian writers Ljubomir Stojanović and Jovan Skerlić, it became part of the school curriculum after 1914.[3]
During World War I,
In late 1980s, a number of articles had been published in Serbia about a danger of Cyrillic being fully replaced by Latin, thereby endangering what was deemed a Serbian national symbol.[8]
Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, Gaj's Latin alphabet remained in use in Bosnian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian. Another standard of Serbo-Croatian, Montenegrin, uses a slightly modified version of it.
In 1993, the authorities of
Article 10 of the Constitution of Serbia[11] adopted by a referendum in 2006 defined Cyrillic as the official script in Serbia, while Latin was given the status of "Script in official use".
Today Serbian is more likely to be romanized in Montenegro than in Serbia.[12] Exceptions to this include Serbian websites where use of Latin alphabet is often more convenient, and increasing use in tabloid and popular media such as Blic, Danas and Svet.[13] More established media, such as the formerly state-run Politika, and Radio Television of Serbia,[14] or foreign Google News,[15] Voice of Russia[16] and Facebook tend to use Cyrillic script.[17] Some websites offer the content in both scripts, using Cyrillic as the source and auto generating Romanized version.
In 2013 in Croatia there were massive protests against official Cyrillic signs on local government buildings in Vukovar.[18]
Romanization of names
Serbian place names
Serbian place names are consistently spelled in latinica using the mapping that exists between the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet and Gaj's Latin alphabet.
Serbian personal names
Serbian personal names are usually romanized exactly the same way as place names. This is particularly the case with consonants which are common to other
A problem is presented by the letter
Foreign names
In Serbian, foreign names are phonetically
Incomplete romanization
The incomplete romanization of Serbian is written using the
Using incomplete romanization does not allow for easy transliteration back to Cyrillic without significant manual work. Google tried using a machine learning approach to solving this problem and developed an interactive text input tool that enables typing Serbian in ASCII and auto-converting to Cyrillic.[20] However, manual typing is still required with occasional disambiguation selection from the pop-up menu.
Tools for romanization
Serbian text can be converted from Cyrillic to Latin and vice versa automatically by computer. There are add-in tools available for Microsoft Word[21] and OpenOffice.org,[22] as well as command line tools for Linux, MacOS and Windows.
References
- ^ "Ivan Klajn: Ćirilica će postati arhaično pismo". 16 December 2014.
- ^ The World and Its Peoples 2009 - Page 1654 "Until modern times, Serbo-Croat was regarded as a single language, written in two forms: one (Serb) in the Cyrillic alphabet; the other (Croat) in ...
- ISBN 0804745943. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
- ISBN 978-1-4443-2364-1. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
- ISBN 978-1-55753-477-4. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
- ^ Gregory R. Copley (1992). Defense & Foreign Affairs Strategic Policy. Copley & Associates. p. 17. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
- ^ The Social construction of written communication Bennett A. Rafoth, Donald L. Rubin - 1988 "Yugoslavian efforts to romanize Serbian (Kalogjera, 1985) and Chinese efforts to romanize Mandarin (De Francis, 1977b, 1984; Seybolt & Chiang, 1979) reveal that even authoritarian regimes may have to accept only limited success when the"
- ISSN 1848-8919. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
- ISBN 0191514551. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
- ISBN 0191514551. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
- ^ "Constitution Principles". Constitution of the Republic of Serbia. Government of Serbia. Retrieved 2013-04-26.
- ^ One thousand languages: living, endangered, and lost - Page 46 Peter Austin - 2008 "Croatian and Bosnian are written in the Latin alphabet; Serbian in both Serbia and Bosnia is written in the Cyrillic alphabet. Both scripts are used for Serbian in Montenegro."
- ^ "Home". svet.rs.
- ^ "ТАНЈУГ | Новинска агенција".
- ^ https://news.google.com/[not specific enough to verify]
- ^ "Глас Русије". Archived from the original on 2013-04-24. Retrieved 2013-04-26.
- ^ Hitting the headlines in Europe: a country-by-country guide Page 166 Cathie Burton, Alun Drake - 2004 "The former state-run paper, Politika, which kept its retro style until very recently, using Serbian Cyrillic rather than the Latin alphabet, has been bought by a German company and is modernizing rapidly. There are a host of tabloids, .."
- ^ Agence France-Presse, April 7, 2013 [1] Croatians protest against Cyrillic signs in Vukovar
- ^ Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, a grammar: with sociolinguistic commentary - Page 3 Ronelle Alexander - 2006 -"... name in original Serbian (Cyrillic) Serbian (Latin) Croatian George Џорџ Džordž; George Mary Мери Meri Mary; Winston Churchill Винстон Черчил Vinston Čerčil Winston Churchill; Charles de Gaulle Шарл де Гол Šarl de Gol Charles de Gaulle;"
- ^ Google input tools for Serbian
- ^ Office 2003 Add-in: Latin and Cyrillic Transliteration
- ^ OOoTranslit add-on for OpenOffice