Rome Metro
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The Rome Metro (Italian: Metropolitana di Roma) is a rapid transit system that operates in Rome, Italy. It started operation in 1955, making it the oldest in the country.
The Metro comprises three lines – A (orange), B (blue) and C (green) – which operate on 60 km (37 mi) of route, serving 73 stations.[1][2][Note 1] It has a daily ridership of approximately 820 thousand passengers, and an annual traffic of approximately 320 million passengers.[3]
In addition to the Metro, the center of Rome and its urban area are served by 8
Despite the letter identifying it, line B was the first metro line inaugurated in the system, as well as the first official metro in Italy. Inaugurated in
Lines
Line | Termini | Opened | Newest extension |
Length | Stations | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
km | mi | ||||||
Battistini | Anagnina | 1980 | 2000 | 18.4 | 11.4 | 27 | |
Laurentina | Rebibbia / Jonio | 1955 | 2015 | 22.9 | 14.2 | 26 | |
Monte Compatri-Pantano | San Giovanni | 2014 | 2018 | 18.7 | 11.6 | 22 |
Line A
Line A runs from the southeastern suburbs of Rome, then along the northeast section of downtown, and then to the northern section of the city, near Vatican City. It connects with Line B, along with many other national and regional rail services, at Termini, and with Line C at San Giovanni. It has 27 stations, with terminals at Battistini and Anagnina. It is identified by the colour orange.
Line A was the second line built in Rome. Approval was given for the construction of the city's second Metro line in 1959.
Work on Line A began in 1964 in the Tuscolana area, but suffered a series of delays caused the originally planned
Line A entered service in February 1980. In the late 1990s, it was extended from Ottaviano, in the Prati district, to Battistini to the west.
Since June 2022, Line A is connected with the reactivated railway station of Vigna Clara. The Vigna Clara-Valle Aurelia section is a relevant step to close the railway ring in North Rome because of the connection with the Line A, Line B (Ostiense) and the FL3 suburban line to Viterbo.[12]
Line B
Line B was the first Metro line in Rome. Line B connects the northeast of the city with the southwest. It has 26 stations with terminals at Rebibbia, Jonio and Laurentina (just east of
Line B was planned during the 1930s by the fascist government to provide a rapid connection between the main train station, Termini, and a new district to the southeast of the city, E42, the planned location of the
Work restarted in 1948, together with the development of the site formerly designated for the Expo into a residential and business district under the name
In 1990, Line B was extended from Termini to Rebibbia in the east of the city and the entire line was modernised. A new 4 km (2.5 mi) long branch (B1) was opened connecting Piazza Bologna with Conca d'Oro on 13 June 2012; the branch's last stop (and new terminus), Jonio, was opened on 21 April 2015.
Line C
Opened on 9 November 2014, line C currently runs radially from San Giovanni, serving as an interchange station for Line A, to the eastern terminus of Pantano (the former terminus of the Roma–Giardinetti light railway). It is the first Metro line to extend beyond the city boundaries in Rome.
It is planned to extend to the northwest, towards Grottarossa (north of the Vatican), via the city centre; it will also intersect with Line A at Ottaviano (beside the Vatican), with Line B at Colosseo, and with the planned Line D at Piazza Venezia, thus creating a fourth Metro hub in Rome.
The first section of the line, from Centocelle to Pantano,[14] is the furthest from the city centre and includes 15 of the planned 30 stops. A further 5.4-kilometre (3.4 mi) section of Line C, serving six additional stations, opened on 29 June 2015, as the line's western terminus was moved from Parco di Centocelle to Lodi.[2] On 12 May 2018, the western terminus was moved to San Giovanni (interchange station for line A).[15] After this third phase, the line will be further extended with three stations, Porta Metronia, Colosseo, and Piazza Venezia, located in the city centre.[16]
Progress on the line has been slow with projected completion dates being repeatedly delayed. Rome is one of the oldest cities in the world, and as such, the construction of the Metro system has encountered considerable obstacles owing to frequent archaeological discoveries.[17] While the excavation of the tunnels themselves can be undertaken well below the probable location of most archaeological finds, the excavation of stairwells and ventilation shafts – which must, by necessity, connect with the surface – pose considerable difficulties.
The trains operating on line C are completely automated,
Archeostation
During the excavation for the central route of line C, thanks to the archeological richness of Rome's ground a new type of underground station was born, as in Paris with
San Giovanni
San Giovanni station was the first archeostation to be opened on 12 May 2018. Excavation to a depth of about 20 metres allowed the exploration of about 21 stratifications of history up to the so-called virgin soil, the one in which man's presence is absent.
The exhibition is characterized by being a real tour with libraries for the finds along the route, explanatory panels on the walls and a temporal measurement of the historical phases that follows the path of the passengers from the atrium level to the platforms' level:
- Atrium level: from Contemporary Age to Late Antiquity Age
- First underground level: from Republican Age to Archaic Age
- Platform level: Prehistoric Age
The various archaeological finds and exhibits include small items such as gold jewelry, coins, crockery, shells, large amphorae and elements of ancient columns and also large finds, such as the large pool, the largest reservoir ever found, located inside a farm of the imperial age.
Timeline
Network map
Rolling stock
All Rome metro lines are
Service
Fares
An urban single journey ticket (
Two proximity cards are available in Rome, ”èRoma” and ”Metrebus Card Red”, which can be charged with season tickets, replacing paper for this type of ticket.
Operating hours
Service starts at about 5:30 am and ends at about 11:30 pm. On Fridays and Saturdays service ends later, at about 1:30 am.[20]
When the Metro is closed, a night bus service operates with lines that follow the same routes and stop at the same stations as the Metro. Line A is served by bus NMA, Line B is served by bus NMB/NMB1, and Line C is served by bus NMC.
Other rail lines
Rome's local transport provider,
Roma–Lido
Construction of the Roma–Lido line began shortly after the end of World War I and was completed some six years later in 1924. It began operation as a steam locomotion railway but electrification was completed less than a year later.
The line is operated as an integrated part of the Metro, but runs entirely overground. It runs from the Roma Porta San Paolo station beside the Line B Piramide station and runs alongside Line B as far as EUR Magliana. It then continues separately on to the seaside district of
Roma–Giardinetti
Officially termed a railway, the Roma–Giardinetti line is a narrow gauge tram which connects Laziali (a smaller, local train station some 800 metres east of Termini's main concourse) with Giardinetti, just past the Grande Raccordo Anulare (GRA) – Rome's orbital motorway. The line originally ran to Frosinone some 137 km (85 mi) from Rome, but has been gradually reduced in length, when the section from Giardinetti to Pantano, which will become a permanent part of Line C, was taken out of service. Most recently also the part from Centocelle to Giardinetti was reduced.
As regards future projects, the transformation of the line into a
Roma–Civita Castellana–Viterbo
The Roma–Civita Castellana–Viterbo line (also called Roma Nord railway) began life as a narrow-gauge tram running from Piazza della Libertà in Rome to Civita Castellana. However, the next stretch of the line, to Viterbo, was built as a railway and over the years the tram section was converted into a railway as well, a process which concluded with the moving of the Roman terminus from the street-level terminus at Piazza della Libertà across the river to a new underground station in Piazzale Flaminio, beside the subsequently constructed Line A station, after World War II.
The line is operated in two modes: as an urban service from Piazzale Flaminio to Montebello, and as a suburban service from Piazzale Flaminio to Viterbo. The urban service operates with a frequency of about one train every ten minutes, while the suburban service operates considerably less frequently, with less than a third of the trains making the full two-and-a-half–hour journey from Rome to Viterbo.
Future expansions
The Metro system is currently expanding:
- An extension of line A from Battistini to Torrevecchia towards the west of the city is planned; a track of 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) with 2 stations.[23]
- An extension of line B is also planned. A track of 2.8 kilometres (1.7 mi) with 2 stations should be realized from Rebibbia (Rome Metro) to Torraccia/Casal Monastero, towards the east of Rome. The extension of the line B1 is extending from Jonio to Bufalotta with 3.8 kilometers with 3 stations.
- The extension of line C towards the centre of Rome is under construction. From San Giovanni (interchange station with line A) to Grottarossa (Rome Metro) , the track is 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) long with an intermediate station near San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Amba Aradam.
New lines
There are two proposed new lines, with no timeline for their construction:
- Line D is currently proposed to run from Ojetti in the north to Agricoltura in the south, passing through the city centre to the west of Roma Termini. Development on the project was suspended from 2012 to 2018.[24][25]
- Line E would take over the existing Rome–Lido railway and the Jonio branch of Line B, with a new railway connection south of Roma Porta San Paolo/Piramide.[26]
Line[citation needed] | Terminals[citation needed] | Opening | Length[citation needed] | Stations[citation needed] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ojetti | Agricoltura | 22 km | 22 | ||
Cristoforo Colombo | Piramide | 28.3 km | 16 |
Signalling
Line A
Line A uses an evolution of the RS4 Codici, a classical block system of the Italian railway. Since its creation the signalling offers to the conductor advice about the speed limit and the freedom of the way.[27]
Line B
Until 1990, Line B used a railway-like signaling system that advised only about the freedom of the way.[28]
Since 1990, the line uses a new signaling system, inspired by the
Line C
Line C is an automatic line and uses a radio frequency system for communication with the train. It has an electrical block system that permits a max frequency of a train every 90 seconds.[30]
See also
- List of Rome Metro stations
- Transport in Rome
- Transport in Italy
- Lazio regional railways
- 2006 Rome Metro crash
- List of metro systems
Notes
- ^ a b Counting Termini, the interchange station between Lines A and B, and San Giovanni, the interchange station between Lines A and C, only once.
References
- ^ ATAC. 8 November 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
- ^ a b c d Marco Chiandoni (30 June 2015). "Rome metro Line C reaches Lodi". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- ^ a b "Pendolaria 2019: i dati su tram e metro a Roma di Legambiente" (PDF). legambiente.it (in Italian). Retrieved 11 February 2020.
- ^ "IL SETTIMANALE – VIDEO – Prossima fermata Lodi, la metro C di Roma si avvicina al centro". Gazzettadeitrasporti.it. 27 June 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
- ^ "Rome Train Map". romemap360.com. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "Trams in Rome". rome.info. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "The Roma Termini - Leonardo Da Vinci Airport connection takes just 32 minutes with the Leonardo express". trenitalia.com. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
- ^ "Civitavecchia Express: non-stop train for cruise passengers". civitavecchia.portmobility.it. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "Piano Urbano della Mobilità Sostenibile". romamobilita.it (in Italian). Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "Tickets and passes". atac.roma.it. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "The Construction of Metro Stations & Shafts through Ancient Rome". engineeringrome.org. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "The Vigna Clara railway station has reopened after 32 years". Romamobilita.it. 15 June 2022.
- ^ Rome Underground Railway Opened The Railway Magazine issue 649 May 1955 page 361
- ^ "Tratta T3, avanti tutta. Fermarsi costerebbe 180 mln". Metroxroma.it. 25 October 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
- ^ "Linea C, riaprono i cantieri, a San Giovanni nell'inverno 2015". Metroxroma.it. 10 September 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
- ^ "Roma Capitale – Sito Istituzionale – Metro C, partiti lavori tratta San Giovanni Colosseo. Le aree interessate dal cantiere". Comune.roma.it. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
- ^ Squires, Nick (5 May 2017). "Rome unveils 'museum' metro station packed with hundreds of ancient artefacts found during construction". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
- ^ "Rome's subway: the eternal project". Japan Times Online. 17 April 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
- ^ "Caratteristiche treni Linea C" (in Italian).
- ^ "Linee e orari di metro e ferrovie". Romanobilita.it (in Italian).
- ^ "Le ferrovie Roma-Lido e Roma-Nord sono passate a Cotral e Astral". Roma Mobilità - sito ufficiale (in Italian). Retrieved 23 August 2022.
- ^ "Termini Giardinetti Tor Vergata" (in Italian).
- ^ "Presentazione oltre Battistini" (PDF). Comune.roma.it (in Italian).
- ^ "Avviso di revoca del bando di gara (Italian)" (PDF). Roma. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
- ^ "Campidoglio ripensa ai costi del tracciato della Metro D." Roma. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
- ^ "ROMA | La Roma-Lido diventerà la Linea E della metropolitana". Mobilita.org (in Italian). 30 March 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
- ^ IL DISTANZIAMENTO DEI TRENI E LA REGOLAZIONE DEL TRAFFICO SULLA LINEA A DELLA FERROVIA METROPOLITANA DI ROMA
- ^ Il vecchio segnalamento della metropolitana di Roma
- ^ Il segnalamento della metropolitana di Roma
- ^ LA NUOVA STAZIONE DI SAN GIOVANNI DELLA LINEA C DI ROMA
External links
- The Public transport company of the city of Rome
- Planned underground and suburban lines on 1986 (archived version)
- Roma Metropolitane – public transportation website (in Italian)
- Martin G. Conde, ROME – IMPERIAL FORA. The Velia Hill: Metro 'C' Archaeological Surveys (2006–2007). S10 (b1, b2, b3). (2006–2007)
- Rome interactive metro map