Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

Coordinates: 34°15′34″N 118°49′10″W / 34.2595°N 118.8194°W / 34.2595; -118.8194
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Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
USD
ManagementNational Archives and Records Administration
Reagan Library Foundation
Technical details
Size243,000 square feet (22,600 m2)
Design and construction
Architect(s)Hugh Stubbins
Website
www.reaganlibrary.gov

The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library is the repository of presidential records from the

Reagan administration. Located in Simi Valley, California, the library is administered by the National Archives and Records Administration and is the burial place of Ronald and Nancy Reagan
. It contains millions of documents, photographs, films and tapes. It also contains memorabilia and a permanent exhibit of Ronald Reagan's life.

Planning

Aerial view of the Reagan Library, 2021

The first person to propose a site for the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library was W. Glenn Campbell, director of the

Richard Nixon Presidential Library on campus at Duke University in North Carolina was under attack by Duke faculty and the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) who were all worried that the Richard Nixon Foundation would not allow scholarly access to archives, which they judged was the primary purpose of a presidential library. The Duke faculty were also firmly against having a museum serve as a memorial to Nixon who had left office in disgrace. This public controversy shaped the discussions about a Reagan Library at Stanford.[1] Reagan hosted the Hoover Institution at the White House in January 1982, telling them, "You built the knowledge base that made the changes now taking place in Washington possible."[2]

Reagan formally accepted the Hoover Institution invitation in January 1983. The plans included three components: an archival library for researchers, a museum for the general public, and a "Center for Public Affairs" which would serve as a think tank to promote the ideas of the Reagan Foundation. Negotiations were undertaken between Stanford's Kennedy and Reagan's adviser Edwin Meese. In June 1983, Kennedy called for Stanford faculty to express their opinions through the Rosse Committee, to report by October.[1] Professor John Manley accused the Hoover Institution of right-wing bias, and said that Stanford's reputation for objectivity would suffer from partisanship.[2] The Rosse Committee reported both the negative and the positive aspects of the proposed library, and Stanford's Board of Trustees approved the location in December 1983.[1] The agreement was announced in February 1984.[3][4] Local opposition heightened after that, and a student group was formed to publicize the negative aspects, shocking their readers with fearful images of scholarly Stanford turning into a political "Reagan University". This polarized response was compared in the press to the Nixon Foundation's difficulties at Duke. A recurring point of contention was the Center for Public Affairs; some critics announced they would only approve the project if the think tank was removed or relocated offsite. Nancy Reagan insisted that the three components were indivisible, that she would not consider any suggestion of splitting up the proposal.[1]

Because of continued concerns about partisan politics, the library plans were canceled by Stanford in 1987.[5] The site in Simi Valley was chosen the same year.[6]

Design

Husbands and wives alternate, as the subjects of the photo line up for the shoot, with the Presidential Seal in the foreground.
Presidents and First Ladies dedicating the library: Lady Bird Johnson, Jimmy Carter, Rosalynn Carter, Gerald Ford, Betty Ford, Richard Nixon, Pat Nixon, Ronald Reagan, Nancy Reagan, George H.W. Bush and Barbara Bush

The Reagan Library is located at 40 Presidential Drive in

Chatsworth.[citation needed
]

The library's design was unveiled on January 28, 1987,[8] in Spanish Mission style.[9] According to its architect, Hugh Stubbins, Reagan approved the design, likening it to his residence of Rancho del Cielo.[8]

New York design agency Donovan/Green was contracted to design the facility's interior and exhibition spaces with partner Nancye Green overseeing the project.[10][11] Construction of the library began in 1988, and the center was dedicated on November 4, 1991.[12][13] The dedication ceremonies were the first time in United States history that five American presidents gathered together in the same place: Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan himself, and George H. W. Bush.[14] Six First Ladies also attended: Lady Bird Johnson, Pat Nixon, Betty Ford, Rosalynn Carter, Nancy Reagan, and Barbara Bush.[15]

Facilities and management

As a presidential library administered by the NARA, the Reagan Library, under the authority of the Presidential Records Act, is the repository of presidential records for the

Reagan administration.[16] Holdings include 50 million pages of presidential documents, over 1.6 million photographs, a half-million feet of motion picture film and thousands of audio and video tapes.[16] The library also houses personal papers collections including documents from Reagan's eight years as California's governor.[16]

The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Institute is an independent non-profit corporation founded by Ronald Reagan that works with the National Archives and that "sustains the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum in Simi Valley, CA, the Reagan Center for Public Affairs, the Presidential Learning Center, The Air Force One Pavilion, the award-winning Reagan Leadership Academy and the Reagan Institute" according to its website.[17]

When the Reagan Library opened, it was the largest of the presidential libraries, at approximately 153,000 square feet (14,200 m2).

Lyndon B. Johnson Library; that was down from its fiscal year 2006 number of 440,301 visitors, when it was the most visited library.[23]

Artifacts inventory

On November 8, 2007, Reagan Library National Archives officials reported that due to poor record-keeping, they are unable to say whether approximately 80,000 artifacts have been stolen or are lost inside the museum complex.[24] A "near-universal" security breakdown was also blamed, leaving the artifacts vulnerable to theft. Many of the nation's presidential libraries claim to be understaffed and underfunded.[25] The NARA labeled the Reagan Library as having the most serious problems with its inventory.[25] In an audit, U.S. Archivist Allen Weinstein blamed the library's poor inventory software for the mishap. Frederick J. Ryan Jr., president of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation's board of directors, said the allegations of poor management practices at the library reflect badly on the National Archives.[24] The library has undertaken an inventory project that will take years to complete.[25]

Wildfire incident

In the 2019

Olive trees used in the landscaping were damaged along with presidential banners lining the access road. A major item in the estimated half a million dollars of damage was an internet and cable box that took down the library's network.[28]

Exhibits and scenery

F-14 Tomcat, representing one of the planes involved in the 1981 Gulf of Sidra incident
on display in the library grounds
A chunk of cement, painted with natural shapes, such as insects and flowers.
A large piece of the Berlin Wall located in the library grounds

The museum features continually changing temporary exhibits and a permanent exhibit covering Reagan's life. This exhibit begins during Reagan's childhood in

1981 assassination attempt on his life is shown, and information about the proposed Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI, dubbed "Star Wars") is included.[31]

A full-scale replica of the

"Old Bill Williams", by B. R. Pettit; Williams was a renowned mountain man of Arizona.[33] Other parts of the exhibit focus on Reagan's Rancho del Cielo, the presidential retreat Camp David, life in the White House,[34] and Nancy Reagan.[35] An example of a temporary exhibit that ran from November 10, 2007, to November 10, 2008, was titled "Nancy Reagan: A First Lady's Style" and had featured over 80 designer dresses belonging to Nancy Reagan.[36][37][38]

The hilltop grounds provide expansive views of the area, a re-creation of a portion of the

F-14 Tomcat (BuNo 162592) is also located on the grounds.[40]

In February 2016, a large equestrian statue of Reagan was installed in front of the Air Force One Pavilion.[41] Entitled "Along the Trail", it depicts Reagan riding his favorite horse, El Alamein.[7] An earlier bronze entitled "Begins the Trail", both by sculptor Donald L. Reed, stands in Dixon.[42]

Air Force One Pavilion

A metal-trussed hangar with a glass front and a shiny floor holds a large jet emblazoned with "United States of America" and other artifacts.
Air Force One Pavilion collage

A 90,000-square-foot (8,400 m2) exhibit hangar serves as the setting for the permanent display of

SAM 27000, was also used by six other presidents in its active service life from 1973 until 2001, including Richard Nixon during his second term, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush.[44] In 1990, it became a backup aircraft after the Boeing 747s entered into service and was retired in 2001.[44] The aircraft was flown to San Bernardino International Airport in September 2001, where it was presented to the Reagan Foundation. In what was known as Operation Homeward Bound, Boeing, the plane's manufacturer, disassembled the plane and transported it to the library in pieces.[45] After the construction of the foundation of the pavilion itself, the plane was reassembled and restored to museum quality,[45] as well as raised onto pedestals 25 feet (7.6 m) above ground.[46] The pavilion was dedicated on October 24, 2005, by Nancy Reagan, President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush.[47]

SAM 27000 is part of a comprehensive display about presidential travel that also includes a

Lyndon B. Johnson's presidency, call sign Marine One,[48] and a presidential motorcade—Reagan's 1984 presidential parade limousine, a 1982 Los Angeles Police Department police car (as well as two 1980s police motorcycles), and a 1986 Secret Service vehicle used in one of President Reagan's motorcades in Los Angeles.[49] The pavilion is also home to the original O'Farrell's pub from Ballyporeen in Ireland that Ronald and Nancy Reagan visited in June 1984, now called the "Ronald Reagan Pub".[48] Also featured are exhibits on the Cold War and Reagan's extensive travels aboard Air Force One.[citation needed
]

On June 9, 2008, U.S. secretary of education Margaret Spellings joined Nancy Reagan to dedicate the Reagan Library Discovery Center, located in the Air Force One Pavilion. The center is an interactive youth exhibit in which fifth through eighth grade students participate in role-playing exercises based on events of the Reagan administration.[50]

Center for Public Affairs

On May 23, 2007, U.S. secretary of state Condoleezza Rice and Australian foreign minister Alexander Downer held a brief private talk and a press conference.[51] On July 17, 2007, Polish president Lech Kaczyński presented Poland's highest distinction, the Order of the White Eagle, to Nancy Reagan on behalf of her husband.[52]

Funeral of Ronald Reagan

A casket draped with the stripes of the American flag and guarded by military personnel representing each of the five services, as the public files by in single file.
Reagan's casket lies in repose in the library lobby, June 7, 2004
A paneled, marble wall decorated with a seal and some inscribed words. A plaque with name and dates rests on the shiny marble floor.
The gravesite of Ronald and Nancy Reagan

Following his death, Reagan's casket was driven by hearse to the Reagan Library on June 7, 2004, from Point Mugu through a 25-mile-per-hour (40 km/h) procession down Las Posas Road to U.S. Highway 101. Many people lined the streets and freeway overpasses to pay final respects. A memorial service was held in the library lobby with Nancy Reagan, Reagan's children, close relatives, and friends. The Reverend Dr. Michael Wenning officiated at the service.

From June 7 to 9, Reagan's casket lay in repose in the library lobby, where approximately 105,000 people viewed the casket to pay their respects.[53] After the national funeral service was held in Washington, D.C., Reagan's casket was brought back to the library for a last memorial service and interment.[citation needed]

Construction plans for the library included a tomb for the eventual use of Reagan and his wife. Following a sunset service on the library grounds the previous evening, early on the morning of June 12, Reagan was laid to rest in the underground vault.[54]

Nancy Reagan died on March 6, 2016. After her funeral, she was buried next to her husband at the library on March 11.[55]

Republican primary debates

On May 3, 2007, the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Nancy Reagan hosted the first 2008 Republican primary debate in the library's Air Force One Pavilion. During the debate, candidates made at least 20 references to Ronald Reagan and his presidency.

better source needed
]

The library announced that it would once again host the first Republican primary debate among 2012 Republican candidates, initially scheduled for May 2, 2011,

Politico. The debate took place on September 7, 2011.[60]

In September 2015, the library hosted the second 2016 Republican presidential debate, run by CNN.[61]

The second debate of the 2024 Republican presidential primaries was held on September 27, 2023 at the library.[62]

Centennial and library renovation

The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and General Electric (GE) announced a partnership beginning March 17, 2010, to support the two-year-long celebration of Reagan's 100th birthday on February 6, 2011. GE, for whom Reagan hosted General Electric Theater and served as a goodwill ambassador from 1954 to 1962, prior to being elected governor of California, served as the Presenting Sponsor of the historic Reagan Centennial Celebration.[63]

The Reagan Centennial was also being led by the National Youth Leadership Committee. Notable members of the Committee include chairpersons Nick Jonas, Jordin Sparks and Austin Dillon, as well as famous non-chairpersons, including actress Anna Maria Perez de Tagle, Olympic bronze medalist Bryon Wilson, Olympian and X-Games medalist Hannah Teter, and recording artist Jordan Pruitt. Several other Olympians and athletes are also members of the committee.[64]

2023 Tsai–McCarthy meeting

Further information:
Taiwan-United States relations and China–United States relations
Tsai and McCarthy at the library, 2023

On April 5, 2023, Taiwanese president

Foreign Ministry of China imposed sanctions on the Reagan Library.[66]

See also

References

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