Rosario
Rosario | |
---|---|
City & Municipality | |
UTC−3 (ART) | |
Post code | S2000 |
Area code | 0341 |
Website | rosario.gob.ar |
Rosario (Spanish pronunciation: [roˈsaɾjo]) is the largest city in the central Argentine province of Santa Fe. The city, located 300 km (186 mi) northwest of Buenos Aires on the west bank of the Paraná River, is the third-most populous city in the country, and is also the most populous city in Argentina that is not a capital (provincial or national). With a growing and important metropolitan area, Greater Rosario has an estimated population of 1,750,000 as of 2020[update].[5][6] One of its main attractions includes the neoclassical, Art Nouveau,[7] and Art Deco architecture that has been preserved in hundreds of residences, houses and public buildings.
Rosario is the head city of the
Along with Paraná, Rosario is one of the few Argentine cities that cannot point to a particular individual as its founder. The city's patron is the "Virgin of the Rosary", whose feast day is 7 October.
History
Early settlement
Even though the city did not have a clear foundation date or any official acknowledgement thereof, most commentators state that Rosario was founded on 7 October 1793 with a local population of 457 inhabitants.
Romero de Piñeda established the first permanent settlement, an estancia — intended as farmland, not as a town. In 1719, the
In 1724, another colonial settlement was initiated by Santiago de Montenegro, who set up a mill, drew plans for the future town, built a chapel, and was appointed mayor in 1751. The area of control of this local government extended northward from today's Rosario; only in 1784 was it divided into two smaller jurisdictions.
On February 27, 1812, General Manuel Belgrano raised the newly created Argentine flag on the shores of the Paraná, for the first time. Because of this, Rosario is known as the "Cradle of the Argentine Flag". The National Flag Memorial marks the occasion.
19th century
The province of Santa Fe suffered greatly from the civil war that afflicted Argentina after 1820. Demographic growth was relatively slow. During this period, Rosario was a small settlement and a stop on the way from the city of Santa Fe to Buenos Aires. In 1823, it was elevated to the category of "village" (Ilustre y Fiel Villa del Rosario). Charles Darwin travelled through the area in 1832 and described Rosario as "a large town" with about 2,000 residents. In 1841, a decree of the caudillo and Governor of Buenos Aires, Juan Manuel de Rosas, banned navigation of the Paraná and Paraguay rivers to non-Argentine vessels, and thus shut off the Port of Rosario to foreign trade.
On 25 December 1851, a small group of locals and the military guard of the city declared their support for the rival caudillo Justo José de Urquiza. As a reward for their participation in the Battle of Caseros, triumphant Urquiza wrote to the governor of Santa Fe on 9 June 1852 asking for Rosario to be granted city status. Governor Domingo Crespo justified the request at the provincial legislative body, marking the geographically strategic position of the town for national and international trade, and on 5 August, Rosario was formally declared a city.
Urquiza opened up the river for free international trade. The city's economy and population expanded at an accelerated rate. By 1880, Rosario had become the first
During the second half of the 19th century, there was a movement promoting that the city of Rosario become the capital of the republic.
Contemporary history
In 1969, workers and students took to the streets and organized strikes in what has been dubbed the "
In 1983, Argentina returned to democratic rule, but in 1989,
Since the recovery of the
After the 1990s, Rosario became a major city of the illegal drug trade in Argentina, headed by a drug dealing family called "Los Monos" ("The Monkeys").[11] Early during 2018, it was estimated by national news sources that a turf war between local drug gangs ("Los Funes" and "Los Camino") was costing an average of one life every twenty five hours.[12][13]
Historical images
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Mercado Sud (c.1903)
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Palace of Justice (c.1905)
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Hotel Savoy (c.1910)
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San Martín Square (c.1920s)
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Hipólito Yrigoyen on a train during an electoral campaign (1926)
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Inauguration of the National Flag Memorial (1957)
Government
Rosario is ruled by an executive branch represented by a
Municipal Centre District (CMD)
Since 1997, a municipal program of decentralization of legislative activities was carried out, materialized in 6 Municipal Centres of District (Centre, North, South, West, Northwest and Southwest).
The city is divided into six large administrative districts (Center, North, Northwest, West, Southwest, and South), with Municipal District Centers that provide services to the population.
For years, local people and institutions have been pushing the provincial government to grant Rosario the status of
Since the return to democracy in 1983, the mayors of Rosario were Horacio Usandizaga, Héctor Cavallero (standing in for Usandizaga, then re-elected), Hermes Binner (re-elected once), Miguel Lifschitz (re-elected once), and, since December 2011 to December 2019, Mónica Fein. Currently, the mayor is Pablo Javkin, whose term lasts from December 2019 to 2023. From Cavallero on (1989), the mayor has been a member of the Socialist Party, since December 2019, Rosario's mayor is from a different political party, ending more than 30 years of socialism.
The city does not have a police force of its own (it is served by the provincial police), but in 2004 it pioneered the creation of a special patrol force of unarmed officers called Guardia Urbana Municipal ("Municipal Urban Guard"), which was later used as a model for Buenos Aires and other cities.
Municipal statistics
The municipality of Rosario comprises 178.69 square kilometres (69.0 sq mi), of which 117.2 km2 (45 sq mi) are urbanized, in 6,306 housing blocks. Of this area, 9.3 km2 (3.6 sq mi), 5.3% is devoted to green spaces (parks, boulevards, plazas), which gives over 10 m2 of green space per inhabitant.
Electric power is supplied to the whole urban area and running water reaches 97% of the population (about 350,000 homes). Natural gas is provided to 227,152 homes.[15]
With the recovery of the national economy since 2002, the city experienced a real-estate boom. In the period 2003–2006, the construction sector added 2 million m2, investing about $900 million. Despite this increased supply, both price and rent have increased sharply compared to the values during the 1990s.
According to experts, this growth was propelled by the increased purchasing power of farmers around Rosario, helped by competitive exports, and the overall preference for safer investment options.[16]
Health
Rosario has several public health centers: five municipal hospitals (including a
Economy
Rosario is the centre of a metropolitan region whose economy is based on services and industry, generating the second-largest urban
Other important sectors include the petrochemical sector, with three plants located in the suburbs of San Lorenzo and Port San Martin; the chemistry sector, with plants for sulphuric acid, fertilizers, resins and other products; the cellulose industry; the meat industry; ironworks; auto parts; the plants and equipment for bottled oil; agricultural machinery; and the materials and equipment for the construction industry. Worldwide international companies settled in Rosario include, among others,
.The main financial bank at the city of Rosario is the
The Municipal Bank was founded in 1896 to support the financial needs of the citizens and small businesses in the highly productive region of southern Santa Fe Province, centered in Rosario. At the time, the city had around 92,000 inhabitants and was already the most important port on the Paraná River. The idea of creating a municipal financial institution was expressed in 1893 by Mayor Floduardo Grandoli, citing the proliferation of "centers of usury" that exploited those in need of credit, especially the poor (something not addressed by the profile of the Provincial Bank of Santa Fe, which granted loans only to demonstrably solvent persons). Acting on this, the municipal Counseling Commission passed a bill (on 1 February 1895) dictating an "Organic Charter of the Municipal Bank of Loans and Savings Accounts;" the bank opened exactly one year later.
The seat of the bank was moved in 1905. Its name was changed to its present form on 14 May 1940 by a municipal bill. Its location was moved again, for the last time so far, in 1986. Following some political controversy, the bank in 2006 was capitalized by the municipality to comply with new regulations dictated by the
The Rosario Board of Trade hosts the country's largest commodity market, dealing in cereals and oilseeds, and also the largest futures exchange (ROFEX). The banking sector includes the state-owned Municipal Bank of Rosario, with branches and offices throughout the city, and the central branch of the New Bank of Santa Fe.
The largest technological center in Argentina – Polo Tecnológico Rosario (PTR) – is located in Rosario within La Siberia site. The center focuses mainly on research and development of the three following areas: biotechnology, software development, and telecommunications. It currently employs 3,500 people, and it is expected to grow 100% by 2015 to become one of the largest in Latin America.
Culture
Rosario has many cultural activities in many artistic disciplines with national and international reach. The city has produced important personalities in the fields of music, painting, philosophy, politics, poetry, literature, medicine, and law. Among the city's important theaters are
The city has several museums, including Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts Museum, Firma y Odilo Estévez Municipal Decorative Art Museum, Dr. Julio Marc Provincial Historical Museum, City Museum, and Museum of Contemporary Art of Rosario (MACRo). The Dr. Ángel Gallardo Provincial Natural Sciences Museum was rebuilt after a fire in 2003 and re-opened at a new location in 2006. Rosario also has a public astronomy complex, located in Urquiza Park, which consists of an observatory (inaugurated in 1970) and a planetarium (1984).
The
Cultural centers
- Centro Cultural Roberto Fontanarrosa
- Centro Popular de la Memoria
- Centro Cultural Islas Malvinas
- Centro Cultural Estación Provincial
- Grupo Pasajes
- Centro de Cultura & Comunicación
- Centro Cultural El Núcleo
- Centro Cultural Los Hornos
Theaters
- Teatro El Círculo
- Teatro La Comedia
- Teatro Auditorio Fundación
- Teatro Sala Lavardén
- Teatro Puerto de la Música
- Teatro Municipal Coliseo Podestá
- Anfiteatro Martín Fierro
- Teatro La Nonna
- Teatro La Hermandad del Princesa
- Sala 420
- Taller de Teatro de la UNLP
- Complejo "El Teatro"
- Teatro "La Lechuza"
- Teatro vorterix
Museums
- Dr. Julio Marc Provincial Historical Museum
- Dr. Ángel Gallardo Provincial Natural Sciences Museum
- Firma y Odilo Estévez Municipal Decorative Art Museum
- Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts Museum
- Museo De Los Niños (In Alto Rosario shopping mall)
- Museo de Arte "Fra. Angélico"
- Municipal Museum of the City
- Museo Provincial de Bellas Artes
- Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes
- Museo de Arte "Fra. Angélico"
- Colección Dr. Emilio Azzarini
- Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Rosario - MACRo
- Museo Histórico del Fuerte de la Ensenada de Barragán
- Museo y Archivo Dardo Rocha
- Museo Almafuerte
- Museo del Teatro Argentino
- Museo "José Juan Podestá"
- Museo de la Catedral
- Museo Internacional de Muñecos
- Museo del Automóvil – Colección Rau
- Museo del Tango Platense
- Museo Policial "Inspector Mayor Vesiroglos"
- Museo Histórico "Contralmirante Chalier" – Escuela Naval de Río Santiago
- Museo Histórico Militar "Tte. Julio A. Roca"
- Museo de la Memoria
- Complejo Astronómico Municipal
Cinemas
- Cine El Cairo[22]
- Cinema San Martín
- Cinema 8
- Cinema Center Bautista
- Cinema Paradiso
- Cinema Rocha
- Cine Select
- Espacio INCAA
- Cine Monumental
- Cine Madre Cabrini
- Showcase Cinemas
- Hoyts Cinemas
- Village Cinemas
- Cinema MarianoN
Racecourse
The Independence Hippodrome opened on December 8 of 1901, when the first ride meeting was held. The Hippodrome was located in the heart of the Parque de la Independencia and occupied a prominent place in the city's social scene. In 1919, construction began of the Popular Opinion. La Tribuna rose Partners in 1928. Moreover, it had started the construction of a new box office. In 1941, the Tribune Paddock (formerly Partners Tribune) was demolished. The final podium of professional construidaes, begun in 1972. Independence Hippodrome was the initiator in Argentina night time racing, with lighting facilities for this purpose. There's also the Jockey Club de Rosario.
- Tracks
The racecourse features three tracks that are used for entertainment, vacation, and skills. The Main Track has 1,794 metres (5,886 ft) of sand. This track is open on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for tests, with Sunday competitions.
The Assistant Track 1 has 1,650 m (5,413 ft) with sand, used on Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays inclusive for the tournaments and some special courses such as race trot.
The Assistant Track 2 has 1,450 m (4,757 ft) of land used to jog and tame.
- Tribunes
- Ex-Tribune Partners: with a privileged view of the oval track and focused, this building covers 1,300 m2 (13,990 sq ft) and three levels, the second is a restaurant seating 150 people.
- Professional-Tribune, has a covered area of 300 m2 (3,229 sq ft). On the ground floor is the technical area and the Commissariat sector.
- Paddock-Tribune, has covered area of 900 m2 (9,688 sq ft). It has a gambling parlor and a VIP room with a buffet area for the fans. It has the office of the Administration and the boxes for journalists.
Libraries
- Biblioteca Argentina Dr. Juan Álvarez[23]
- Biblioteca Central General José de San Martín
- Biblioteca Municipal Francisco López Merino
- Biblioteca de la Legislatura de la Provincia
- Biblioteca Pedagógica Eudoro Díaz
Landmarks
National Flag Memorial
The National Flag Memorial in Rosario is a monumental complex built near the banks of the Paraná River. It was commissioned in 1944 and inaugurated on June 20, 1957 – the anniversary of the death of Manuel Belgrano, creator of the Argentine flag, who raised it for the first time on an island in the river on February 27, 1812.
The complex has a total area of about 10,000 m2 (107,600 sq ft) and was constructed using stone primarily sourced in the Andes. The structure was designed by the architects Ángel Guido and Alejandro Bustillo, and the monument was adorned with works by sculptors Lola Mora, Eduardo Barnes, Alfredo Bigatti, and José Fioravanti.[24][25]
The Memorial (Monumento) has three parts: the Tower (Torre) or mast, 70 metres (230 ft) high, which commemorates the Revolution of May 1810 and houses Manuel Belgrano's crypt in its base; the Civic Courtyard (Patio Cívico), which symbolizes the effort of the organization of the state (the Courtyard is used for massive open-air shows), and the Triumphal Propylaeum (Propileo Triunfal), representing the nation as organized after the 1853 Constitution. Under the Propylaeum there is the Honor Room for the Flags of America (where the flags of all American nations are displayed).
The complex faces Belgrano Avenue, and is delimited by Córdoba and Santa Fe Streets, the latter of which slopes down towards the river at this point. The Propylaeum can be accessed from the pedestrian passage called Pasaje Juramento ("Oath Passage"), which starts at Buenos Aires St. between the municipal building (Palacio de los Leones) and the Cathedral, in front of Plaza 25 de Mayo (May 25 Square). Statues flank the passage by famous sculptor Lola Mora.
The Memorial and the National Flag Park located in front of it are the seat of the main celebrations of Flag Day on June 20. The 50th anniversary of the inauguration of the complex, in 2007, was marked by a special celebration and by the unveiling of a new lighting system. [26] El Puerto de la Música will be a theater with a total capacity of 30,000 people located by the Paraná River.
Architect Oscar Niemeyer came up with the concept by expanding the show from inside the theater to a much larger outside audience. The concrete curvilinear shape building with an area of 215,278 sq ft (20,000.0 m2) is the first design of Oscar Niemeyer in Argentina.[27] The project will be a distinctive part of Rosario's skyline. Construction will begin at the end of 2010 and is expected to be completed by 2014.
Planetarium
Located in Urquiza Park, Rosario's Municipal Astronomical Complex is one of the principal astronomical centers of the region.
The planetarium has a core team, together with its secondary elements, providing an artificial image of the sky through projections made on a fixed hemispherical dome that functions as a display.
The assembly is installed in the Room "Oscar Claudio Caprile", located in the heart of the magnificent building that is shaped like a comet.
For its technical characteristics in terms of size, quality of sound and image, and interior comfort, this room is considered among the best in the world.
The building in the shape of a comet forms a part of the complex that includes the "Prof. Victor Capolongo" observatory and the experimental science museum.
The observatory
Municipal Astronomical Observatory "Prof. Victor Capolongo" was inaugurated on June 18, 1970, and named its first director.
The Observatory facilitates outreach, teaching, and research in the field of astronomy and related sciences and informs the public of phenomena that occur in the sky, such as eclipses, planetary configurations, passages of comets, etc.
To that end, the Observatory has installed two telescopes. One Coudé refractor has a 150 mm (5.9 in) aperture and 2,250 mm (88.6 in) focal distance provided with Lyot's monochromatic filter for solar observation. Another Cassegrain reflector has 300 mm (11.8 in) aperture, constructed by the Carl Zeiss company.
There are realized observations and astronomical photography of all the visible celestial objects in Rosario's sky, according to time of year and especially the Sun, the Moon, and the planets Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, and Venus.
The asteroid
Experimental Science Museum
This museum was inaugurated on September 24, 1987. It is the first in Argentina and differs from traditional museums, in that it has equipment and instruments to demonstrate the laws of nature, which can be interactively used by the general public.
Thus, visitors of all ages can use telescopes and microscopes or experiment with lasers, sound mixers, radios of various types, computers, solar cells, etc.
To complement this, exhibit panels have photographs and explanatory texts of science and technology: mathematics and computer science, engineering, physics, astronomy, astronautics, geology, chemistry, and biology. In addition, an important area is intended for periodic samples, such as the Space Age, energy: renewable and rational use, from sand to glass, among others. The museum staff is supported by contributions from the Ministry of Science and Technology Office, the Municipality of Rosario, and the contributions made by institutions and individuals.
The museum audiovisual projections are made in the Video Sector Science, which has an area called "CIENCIANIÑO" (ChildScience) for children aged 4 to 10. The museum works in the evening, similar to the Planetarium. Educational institutions at all levels are treated in shift assignments.
Statue of Che Guevara
The 4-metre-tall bronze statue of Che Guevara was unveiled on 14 June 2008[29] to commemorate the 80th anniversary of his birth. It is made from 75,000 bronze keys donated by Argentines nationwide[29] and weighs 2.7 tons. The statue was made by artist Andrés Zerneri and is the first such monument to Guevara in his native Argentina.[30]
Demographics
Demographic distribution
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1858 | 9,785 | — |
1869 | 23,169 | +136.8% |
1887 | 50,914 | +119.8% |
1900 | 112,462 | +120.9% |
1910 | 192,278 | +71.0% |
1926 | 407,354 | +111.9% |
1947 | 584,587 | +43.5% |
1960 | 669,173 | +14.5% |
1970 | 806,942 | +20.6% |
1980 | 956,761 | +18.6% |
1991 | 1,118,905 | +16.9% |
2001 | 1,161,188 | +3.8% |
2010 | 1,193,605 | +2.8% |
Rosario is located in the Province of Santa Fe, Argentina. This metropolis has a population of about 1.2 million (1,159,004 est.), thus being Argentina's third most populated urban settlement, after Córdoba.[31] Greater Rosario comprises Rosario itself (population about 910,000) and a large area around it, spreading in all directions except eastward (because of the Paraná River). Directly to the south, it includes the city of Villa Gobernador Gálvez, with a population of about 75,000, about 10 km (6.2 mi) from Rosario city center.
To the west and south-west there are several smaller towns and cities (Funes, Roldán, Pérez, Soldini); Roldán is 23 km (14 mi) from the Rosario city centre. These settlements were incorporated into the metropolis due to their vicinity to major roads leading into Rosario, and many people living there habitually commute to Rosario.
The farthest end is to the north, following the coast of the river; from Rosario, one finds, in succession and usually merging into each other, the towns of
The north of the Greater Rosario is one end of an area traditionally called Cordón Industrial ("Industrial Corridor"), since it was traditionally a heavily industrialized productive region. The prelude to the
In 1876 the total population was 203,509; by 1926, Rosario had 407,000 inhabitants, 47% of them foreign, many having arrived from Europe in the wake of World War I. Most of these were Italian, and among them, a majority from the north-western region of Liguria.
As of the 2010 Census, there were 1,193,605 people residing in the city and 31 surrounding districts, making Greater Rosario the third-largest metro area in Argentina even as its population growth has leveled off.[3] The population density in Rosario proper was 6,680 inhabitants per square kilometer (17,300 inhabitants/sq mi); but, only about 2,400/km2 (6,200/sq mi) in the suburbs.[33]
The 2010 Census also showed a relatively aged population. With 21% under the age of fifteen and 17% over sixty, the people have an age structure similar to those in many North American cities. They are, likewise, more elderly on average than Argentines as a whole (of whom 25% were under 15 and 14%, over 60).[3]
The ethnic make-up of Rosario changed in the late 19th century, when significant numbers of European immigrants arrived in the city. Prior to this the city's population had been almost completely European-descent in ethnic origin. As Buenos Aires was the first landfall in Argentina for many migrant ships coming from Europe in the 1850s and 1890s, Rosario started to experience a diverse influx of people.[citation needed] The main contributors were Spain, Italy, France, Croatia, Poland, Russia, Romania, Ukraine, the Balkans (especially Greece, Serbia and Montenegro), Switzerland, Germany, United Kingdom, Ireland, and Scandinavia (especially Sweden). By the 1910s, 43 percent of the city population was non-native Argentine after immigration rates peaked.[34][35]
Most immigrants, regardless of origin, settled in the city or around Greater Rosario. However, in the first stages of immigration, some formed colonies (especially agricultural colonies) in different parts of the city, often encouraged by the Argentine government and/or sponsored by private individuals and organizations.
Districts
Rosario is divided into six districts, most named by location, although the easternmost is called Centre District for it includes the oldest part of the city, historically called Centro (City Centre). The data given below are from the 2001 census [INDEC].
- Centre District
Population: 261,047 Area: 20.37 km2 (11.45% of the city)
Population density: 12,815 inhab/km2 Housing: 110,152 units
- North District
Population: 131,495 Area: 35.02 km2 (19.6% of the city)
Population density: 3,744 inhab/km2 Housing: 40,492 units
- Northwest District
Population: 144,461 Area: 44.14 km2 (24.7% of the city)
Population density: 3,273 inhab/km2 Housing: 41,740 units
- West District
Population: 106,356 Area: 40.21 km2 (22.5% of the city)
Population density: 2,645 inhab/km2 Housing: 31,625 units
- Southwest District
Population: 103,446 Area: 20.19 km2 (11.3% of the city)
Population density: 5,123 inhab/km2 Housing: 28,284 units
- South District
Population: 160,771 Area: 18.76 km2 (10.5% of the city)
Population density: 8,569 inhab/km2 Housing: 48,541 units
Urban structure
Centre District
At Rosario city center, Córdoba Street is the main avenue. It begins at the Flag Memorial Park, climbs towards the district area, and becomes a pedestrian walk for seven blocks, between Plaza 25 de Mayo and Plaza Pringles. Along Córdoba Ave to the west Paseo del Siglo ("Walk of the Century") was settled, with former houses of wealthy families, finally there is also the San Martín Square, and elsewhere, Plaza Montenegro (on Peatonal San Martín, the pedestrian-only four blocks of San Martín Street) and Plaza Sarmiento.
Towards the south, beyond Pellegrini Avenue, there are two more boulevards, 27 de Febrero and Seguí, and avenues Uriburu, Arijón and Battle y Ordóñez. To the west, after Oroño, there are the avenues Ovidio Lagos and Francia, Avellaneda Boulevard and Provincias Unidas Avenue. The main barrios in the south are La Tablada, Parque Casado, Las Heras, Las Delicias and Las Flores. The city ends in the Saladillo Stream.
Among the districts in the west are
Next to the stadium, there is the
An important part of Rosario's urban character is its riverbank. The city recovered the riverbank of the Paraná not long ago, thanks to a reorganization of terrains formerly owned by the port and the national railroad system. Going from the center immediately north of the port, the riverbank is surrounded by a large number of parks; Argentine flag Memorial, Parque de España, Parque de las Colectividades and Parque Sunchales.
Greater Rosario
Through the years, Rosario has spread in all directions. Towards the south, beyond Pellegrini, there are two more boulevards, 27 de Febrero and Seguí, and avenues Uriburu, Arijón and Battle y Ordóñez.To the west, after Oroño, there are the avenues Ovidio Lagos and Francia, Avellaneda Boulevard and Provincias Unidas Avenue. The main neighborhoods in the south are La Tablada, Parque Casado, Las Heras, Las Delicias and Las Flores. The city ends in the Saladillo Stream (the natural border with Villa Gobernador Gálvez). This is just south of the great barrio Grandoli.
Among the neighborhoods in the west are
Next to the Rosario Central stadium, there is a large park,
The main streets in the north are Alberdi Avenue and its continuation, Rondeau Boulevard (which leads to the north exit of the city, the access to the Rosario-Victoria Bridge, and the town of Granadero Baigorria). These major arteries are crossed by several avenues: Las Tres Vías, Génova, Sorrento, and Puccio.
Transportation
Rosario's strategic location is destined to become a significant transportation hub and as the bi-oceanic corridor that links the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), an important component in global distribution and the core center of a key corridor in the Mercosur, the Common Market for the South.[37]
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Rosario, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 50 min. 9% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 14 min, while 19% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 4.3 km, while 4% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.[38]
Road transport
The Rosario public transport system includes buses, trolleybuses and taxicabs.
The
Plaza Sarmiento is the hub of the city bus system, about 40 urban lines in the metropolitan area that provide service every 5 to 10 minutes.
Bus fares are pre-paid by means of either a rechargeable plastic card or a disposable paper
The urban bus fleet was partially renewed during the recovery of the national economy, since 2003, and consists of about 730 units. In 2005 the average age of the buses was five years and 11 months. Improvements in the economy have led to increased use of public transport and comparatively less use of bicycles. According to the Rosario Transportation Office, in 2005 there were about 11 million bus journeys per month,[39] by 2007, usage has climbed to 420,000 people every day (12.6 million per month).
A significant number of buses run on natural gas, as it also happens in Argentina as a whole since the price of this fuel is quite low compared to the alternatives. The idea to transform all buses to this system did not prosper; most buses run on heavily subsidized diesel fuel.
In 2012 bus lanes were added to several pairs of parallel streets traversing the downtown area.[1] Bus stops along these are spaced every three blocks instead of the usual two. For the most part, they leave room to only one additional, narrow lane on the left for cars and other vehicles. They can be used for taxis carrying passengers as well. They are exclusive for public transport during weekdays and on Saturday morning; stopping or parking on the affected streets is forbidden, as well as right turns. Their implementation attracted opposition from residents and shop owners but was well received by habitual bus users since they reduce the time needed to get out of the crowded central area by a noticeable amount.[40]
Rosario has a medium-sized
Rosario is also a major hub for long-distance overland transportation from the Mariano Moreno Bus Terminal,[41] (Terminal de Omnibus), across from the Patio de la Madera Convention and Exposition Centre complex, about 15 blocks west of Plaza San Martin. The transportation facility serves 73 bus companies in short, medium, and long-distance travel, carrying 1,100.000 passengers per month to 784 national and international destinations, which comprise most major domestic cities including
Railway
Rosario was one of the main cities chosen by the British and French
After the
Nowadays, passenger services to Rosario are being operated by
.The other station in the main district, Rosario Oeste, used to concentrate all the passenger services when railways were nationalised in 1948, but currently operates for freight trains only.
As of June 2021, only two stations remain active for passenger services in the city. The following chart describes the total of existing railway stations in Rosario:
Notes:
- ^ a b For passenger services only
- ^ Originally built by the Córdoba and Rosario Railway, taken over by the FCCC in 1912
- ^ Seat of non-profit "Asociación Rosarina Amigos del Riel"
- ^ Seat of the Center Municipal District.
- ^ Terminus of Buenos Aires and Rosario Railway
- ^ Seat of Rosario Audiovisual Center.
- ^ Refurbished and opened as a bus station in 1950.
- ^ Built by defunct state-owned Ferrocarriles Argentinos in the same line of former BA&RR, as a south-side stop.
- ^ Campus of the National University of Rosario
- ^ Seat of the Cultural Center of Fisherton, lent by NCA to the Municipality of Rosario.[43]
- ^ Closed for passenger services in 1977, part of the line granted to NCA with no operations on those stations
- ^ a b Intermediate station in the long distance passenger services Retiro–Tucumán
- ^ Closed after being burned during a protest movement (mostly known as "Rosariazo") against the military dictatorial government, in 1969.[44][45]
- ^ Served as freight station until 1930. After a long time of abandonment and deterioration, it was demolished in 2022.[46]
Projects
There was a project to build a
Trams
The city once had a large tramway network with 192 km of track in the centre of the city, however this was abandoned in 1963 after fierce competition from bus transport in the city.[49] The city now has two heritage tramways, one of which uses vintage trams converted to run on rubber tyres, while the other uses the original trams from the city refurbished to run on rails.[50][51][52]
More recently, a metro system was proposed for the city, though this was shelved in favour of a new urban tramway network. The network is currently in the bidding process, with large firms like Siemens and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China bidding for its construction.[53] It is expected to begin at the recently inaugurated Rosario Sur Station and run northwards through the city.[54]
Roadways
Rosario is linked to the rest of the country by a number of roads: the Aramburu Highway (southeast, to Buenos Aires), National Route 9 (from Buenos Aires to Rosario and then north and west up to Jujuy and Bolivia), the Brigadier Estanislao López Highway (north, to Santa Fe City), National Route 11 (to the north of Santa Fe, Formosa and Paraguay), National Route 33 (to the southwest of Santa Fe and the province of Buenos Aires, and then through National Route 7 to San Luis, Mendoza and Chile), National Route 34 (north to Santiago del Estero, Tucumán and Bolivia), and National Route 174 (east, to Entre Ríos, over the Rosario-Victoria Bridge).
It is surrounded with an extensive system of two belt-highways called Circunvalación Motorway and A012 which in turn set the limits of the city.
The beltway is 30 km (19 mi) and was built for traffic to avoid the congested city centre, allowing drivers to bypass the city going around it in a much shorter time. In its 30-kilometre (19 mi) length, it intersects with National Route 9, National Route 3, National Route 34, National Route 11 and National Route 174.
The official numbering system denotes this road as "A008" but this denomination is mostly unknown by the locals as it is still called "Avenida de Circunvalación 25 de Mayo" ("25 of May Beltway Avenue") commemorating the May Revolution of 1810. Some sections are named after different personalities by local decree. For example:
- The section from the east end on 27 Boulevard to the crossing of Ayacucho Street (old exit to the Rosario-Buenos Aires Highway, now access to Provincial Route 21), is called "National Route A008 Tte. General Juan Carlos Sánchez" by decree #232 of 14 May 1981.
- The section between National Route 9 and the exit to Santa Fe (the state capital) National Route 11 on the intersection with Rondeau Boulevard is called "National Route A008 Dr. Constantino Razzetti" by law #25769 of 1 September 2003.
The A012 is the second beltway at the southeast of the city. It has a semi-circular length centered around the city, running as a long-length beltway. From the National Route 9 junction on km marker 278, in the town of Esther, to the junction with National Route 11 on km marker 326 in the city of San Lorenzo it runs for 67 km (41.6 mi).
This road is popularly known as the Second Rosario Beltway, as it borders the metropolitan area of greater Rosario. Through National Decree 1595 of 1979[55] this road switched to federal control. Beforehand this road was called Provincial Route 16.
Airports
The Rosario – Islas Malvinas International Airport is located 13 km (8 mi) west-northwest from the center of Rosario, a city in the Santa Fe Province of Argentina. The city of Funes lies directly to the west of the airport, and part of the city limit shares a border with the property of the airport grounds. The airport covers an area of 550 hectares (1,400 acres) and is operated by the Province of Santa Fe.[56][57]
The airport serves the
Port
The Port of Rosario is an inland port and a major goods-shipping centre of Argentina, located in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, on the left-hand (western) shore of the Paraná River, about 550 km (340 mi) upstream from the Atlantic Ocean.[58][59]
At this point of the course of the Paraná River (Kilometer 420, Mile 260), there is the depth transition between overseas and river navigation. The main channel of the river directly in front of the port has an advantageous configuration that allows preservation of a depth of 10 metres (34 ft) with minor periodic
The port is the largest of a series located in the several cities of the
Cargo from other parts of Argentina is brought into the port by the railway lines of the
Education
Rosario is an important educational centre at a national and international level. It is the home of the
In the city there are approximately 624 establishments destined for elementary levels and secondary education, the Technical Institute, which depends directly on the UNR. With a solid tradition as for university education, it is head of several academic institutions, and is public, and free access.
Currently, there are some 80,000 university students at various institutions around the city, representing approximately 8.5% of the total population. This rate is one of the highest in Argentina. In Rosario, nearly 15% of the population benefits from higher education degrees, or have undergone at least some university studies.
Rosario has private colleges, as the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), the Austral University, the University of the Latin American Educational Center (UCEL), the Interamerican Open University (UAI), the Italian University of Rosario (IUNIR), the San Martin University and the University of Concepcion del Uruguay which are private institutions.
Language
Rosario is the third largest urban center where Rioplatense Spanish is spoken, after Buenos Aires and Montevideo. The local language evidences the typical linguistic features that characterize this dialect, notably the voseo (use of vos instead of tú as pronoun for the second person singular) and the sheísmo (form of yeísmo where ll- and y- are pronounced as a voiceless [ʃ]). Although the español rosarino does not differ substantially from the other variants of the same dialect, it presents particularities easily noticeable by those who live in the other main populated areas of the region.
One of the most notable characteristics of the language of Rosario's area of influence is the process of aspiration and disappearance of the -s. When the -s is in implosive position, end of syllable or word followed by consonant, its sound becomes a soft and voiceless aspiration [h] (the word obispo is pronounced o̞ˈβihpo̞). In the popular and vulgar language, the final -s, -r, or -d are sometimes suppressed, although this phenomenon is commonly associated to sociocultural groups of lower formal education.[60]
Just as in Buenos Aires, the voseo is pronominal and verbal. The pronoun tú and its associated verbal forms are inexistent (which is not the case of the Montevideo variant) The tendency to add a final -s to the verbal forms of the second person plural (vos fuistes, vos vinistes), which is rather common in Buenos Aires, is very unusual among Rosario natives.
Even though the lexicon of Rosario and Buenos Aires is effectively identical, there are numerous terms and idioms that Rosario shares with the rest of the country (even areas where a different dialect prevails) but not with the capital, as well as other words and expressions that are unique to the rosarino speech, both formal and informal.
The
Sports
Rosario is the home of the
Newell's has 6 National championships (in 1974, 1988, 1991, 1992, 2004 and in 2013) and 3 National cups (in 1911, 1921 and in 1949). Rosario's other football clubs areIt is also the hometown of Argentine internationals Lionel Messi, Ángel Di María, Maximiliano Rodríguez, César Delgado, Ezequiel Lavezzi, Mauro Icardi, Giovani Lo Celso, Leandro Fernández, Ezequiel Garay, Luciana Aymar, Juan Imhoff, Ángel Correa, Nicolás Vergallo and Leonardo Senatore.
The city received international attention as the host of the
Rosario is the second choice site for
The 2010 Women's Hockey World Cup, 2004 and 2012 Champions Trophy and the 2014–15 Women's FIH Hockey World League Final were played there.
In 2014 the city hosted the Inline speed skating World Championship at Parque de la Independencia[71] and in 2015 it hosted the men's, women's and juniors' FIRS Inline Hockey World Championships at Club Atlético Provincial's indoor arena.[72]
Rosario hosted the 2017 World Archery Youth Championships, and will host the 2018 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup, and the 2019 South American Beach Games.
Motorsports
The city was the starting point for the 2014 Dakar Rally, as well as the finishing point in 2016. It also hosted the 2015 World RX of Argentina.
Events
- Festival Latinoamericano de Video Rosario (Rosario Latin American Video Festival). Annual event (September), starting in 1994.
- Encuentro Internacional de Escultura en Madera-Piedra-Hierro de Rosario (International Meeting of Wood-Stone-Iron Sculpture in Rosario). Annual event (September/October), since 1993.
- Encuentro y Fiesta Nacional de Colectividades (Communities Meeting and National Celebration). Annual event, starting in 1985, showcasing music, song, dance, cuisine and customs of foreign communities in Argentina, in the ample room provided by the Parque Nacional a la Bandera (National Flag Park). Usually held in November; in 2004 it was postponed to the beginning of December in order to avoid overlap with the Third International Congress of the Spanish Language.
- Festival Internacional de Poesía de Rosario(International Poetry Festival). Annual event since 1993 (November).
- Festival Iberoamericano de Cine de Rosario (Ibero-American Film Festival). Annual event since 2003 (November).
- Leyendas ("Legends"). A cartoon, role-playing and science fiction convention. Annually since 1999, usually in autumn (April/May), sometimes in spring (November).
Geography
The city of Rosario measures 178.69 km2 (69.0 sq mi), not all of them are fully urbanized. Its extreme points are:
- Latitude: parallels 32°52′18″ and 33°02′22″ South.
- Longitude: meridians 60°36′44″ and 60°47′46″ West.
The geographical center is approximately at 32°57′2″S 60°42′15″W / 32.95056°S 60.70417°W
The city is located on a smoothly undulated plain typical of the
Rosario lies on the
Climate
The Rosario area has a
Rosario is usually warmer than other mainland Argentine capital cities in the winter. The lowest average in winter is 4.4 °C (40 °F). This is due in part to the city's flat topography, its situation on the Paraná River bank, and the presence of high density of urbanization. Those conditions have created a microclimate known as urban heat island that often means that the city is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas.
The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day and larger in winter than in summer, and is most apparent when winds are weak. However, snowfalls are extremely rare: the most recent occurrence of sleet in the CBD was on 9 July 2007. During the spring, Rosario commonly enjoys extended periods of warm weather and clear skies. On average, Rosario has average day-night temperatures of 23–10 °C (73–50 °F). The city experiences hot and humid summer days, with maximum temperatures above 35 °C (95 °F), when northerly winds blow humid air from Brazil. The record high temperature is 40.5 °C (104.9 °F) on January 9, 2006, while the record low is −8.4 °C (17 °F) on July 15, 2020.[74]
Climate data for Rosario (Islas Malvinas Airport), elevation: 25 m, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1875–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 40.6 (105.1) |
39.3 (102.7) |
37.0 (98.6) |
34.3 (93.7) |
32.9 (91.2) |
29.6 (85.3) |
31.6 (88.9) |
36.1 (97.0) |
37.3 (99.1) |
38.0 (100.4) |
39.5 (103.1) |
40.7 (105.3) |
40.7 (105.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.9 (87.6) |
29.4 (84.9) |
27.7 (81.9) |
23.9 (75.0) |
20.1 (68.2) |
17.0 (62.6) |
16.5 (61.7) |
19.2 (66.6) |
21.5 (70.7) |
24.3 (75.7) |
27.5 (81.5) |
29.8 (85.6) |
24.0 (75.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.8 (76.6) |
23.4 (74.1) |
21.5 (70.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
14.2 (57.6) |
11.0 (51.8) |
10.1 (50.2) |
12.3 (54.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.3 (70.3) |
23.6 (74.5) |
17.8 (64.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.7 (65.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
16.0 (60.8) |
12.4 (54.3) |
9.4 (48.9) |
6.2 (43.2) |
4.9 (40.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
8.7 (47.7) |
12.3 (54.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
17.3 (63.1) |
12.1 (53.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
1.8 (35.2) |
5.1 (41.2) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 120.7 (4.75) |
127.4 (5.02) |
138.4 (5.45) |
119.9 (4.72) |
57.7 (2.27) |
28.3 (1.11) |
23.0 (0.91) |
35.3 (1.39) |
48.0 (1.89) |
118.7 (4.67) |
108.2 (4.26) |
127.9 (5.04) |
1,053.5 (41.48) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 7.3 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 8.5 | 5.3 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 5.3 | 8.9 | 8.2 | 9.0 | 79.8 |
Average snowy days | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
67.8 | 72.8 | 75.4 | 78.1 | 81.0 | 80.9 | 77.9 | 72.6 | 68.5 | 69.3 | 65.6 | 65.5 | 73.0 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 297.6 | 240.1 | 235.6 | 183.0 | 173.6 | 147.0 | 173.6 | 195.3 | 195.0 | 223.2 | 267.0 | 288.3 | 2,619.3 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 9.6 | 8.5 | 7.6 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 5.6 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 7.2 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 7.2 |
Percent possible sunshine | 73 | 71 | 64 | 64 | 58 | 50 | 52 | 59 | 56 | 58 | 65 | 65 | 61 |
Source 1: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional[75][76][77] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows),[78] Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario (March/April/October/November/December record highs, and July/September/October/December record low),[79] UNLP (percent sun 1971–1980)[80] |
Broadcasting and communications
Rosario has two private local
There are four AM radio stations: three private (licensed by the state) ones, LT3 Radio 2 (LT2), and LT8, and one public, Radio Nacional Rosario, property of the national state. Among the multitude (above 200) of FM stations, some notable ones are FM Vida, Estación del Siglo, FM Del Rosario, Cristal FM, Radio Hollywood, Fisherton-CNN, Continental Rosario, Radio 10 Rosario, Radiofónica, and Clásica Rosario.
The city has three notable newspapers:
Rosario is located at the center of Argentina's
About 96% of homes have a domestic
Notable people
|
|
Twin towns – sister cities
- Alessandria, Italy
- Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Asunción, Paraguay
- Bilbao, Spain
- Caracas, Venezuela
- Cuenca, Ecuador
- Dakar, Senegal
- Haifa, Israel
- Imperia, Italy
- Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Manizales, Colombia
- Medellín, Colombia
- Monterrey, Mexico
- Montevideo, Uruguay
- Piraeus, Greece
- Pisco, Peru
- Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Shanghai, China
- Santa Clara, Cuba
- Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
- Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
- Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
- St. Louis, United States
- Turin, Italy
- Valparaíso, Chile
Cooperation agreements
Rosario also cooperates with:[82]
- Viña del Mar, Chile
See also
- History of Rosario
- Port of Rosario
- Geography of Rosario
- Government of Rosario
- Districts of Rosario
- Olinto Gallo Workshops
- Palacio Cabanellas
- Rondeau Boulevard
- 2013 Rosario gas explosion
- Fernando Traverso's Bicis
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