Rosary and scapular

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Virgin Mary giving the Scapular to Simon Stock (19th-century) by Alfonso Balzico located in the church of Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome
Rosary and scapular

The exact origins of both the rosary and scapular are subject to debate among scholars. Pious tradition maintains that both the rosary and the brown Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel were given by the Virgin Mary to Dominic and Simon Stock respectively during the 13th century.[1] Historical records document their growth during the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe. By the early 20th century, they had gained such a strong following among Catholics worldwide that Josef Hilgers, writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1914, stated: "Like the Rosary, the Brown scapular has become the badge of the devout Catholic."[2]

Since the Second Vatican Council, the more appropriate term for these items is "devotional articles", in order to distinguish them from liturgical actions and items used therewith, such as candles, chrism, or sprinkling with holy water.[3]

As with all religious articles, the use of the

Roman Catholic Church
.

Devotions

"St Dominic Receives the Rosary from the Virgin Mary", Glengarriff Church of the Sacred Heart

The rosary and the scapular are viewed as devotional elements of Catholicism. However, although many of the faithful choose to pray the rosary and wear the scapular, the linking of the rosary and the scapular is not formally reflected in church doctrine.

Traditional accounts

Dominic

Main article: Rosary

According to the tradition of the Dominicans, the rosary was given to

Prouille, the Marian apparition receiving the title of Our Lady of the Rosary. However, many scholarly researchers suggest a more gradual and organic development of the rosary, and some attribute it to Alanus de Rupe.[5] Some sources question the authenticity of the apparition to Saint Dominic.[6][7]

Simon Stock

Main article: Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel
Statue of Our Lady of Mount Carmel (Chile)

Cambridge, England in 1251 in answer to his appeal for help for his oppressed order, and recommended the Brown Scapular to him.[8] Originally, the scapular was a broad band of cloth over the shoulders, serving as an apron, still worn as part of the religious habit by a number of orders of monks and friars. The Brown Scapular has been a key element of Carmelite history since the late 13th century.[9]

Like the purported vision of Mary to Dominic, the earliest mention of Simon Stock's vision comes over 100 years later, and there is a lack of documentary evidence that would demonstrate the truth or historicity of the apparition. While Richard Copsey questioned the fact that any apparition took place with respect to the scapular,[10] Although the historicity of the scapular vision is disputed, the scapular itself has remained for all Carmelites a sign of Mary's motherly protection and as a personal commitment to follow Jesus in the footsteps of his Mother, the perfect model for all his disciples.

Historical developments

Sacramental
garments
General
Specific scapulars
Catholicism portal
Main article: History of the Rosary

Confraternities

The beginning of the 18th century witnessed a significant growth in Marian confraternities, such as the

Dominicans, which also helped create a more uniform format for the rosary. An important Apostolic Constitution on the Rosary Confraternity was issued by Pope Leo XIII in 1898.[11]

The approval of the "Confraternity of the Scapular" for every diocese helped the spread of that devotion, reaching its culmination in 1726 via the extension of the

Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel (July 16) to the universal church.[12][13]

Marian apparitions

In the 19th century, the reported Marian apparitions of Our Lady of Lourdes gathered significant attention, and provided momentum for the spread of the rosary. The spread of the devotion to both the rosary and the scapular was influenced by Marian apparitions of Our Lady of Fátima reported by three Portuguese children in 1917.[14] The Fatima messages placed a strong emphasis on the rosary, and in them the Virgin Mary reportedly identified herself as The Lady of the Rosary.[15] The visions and messages also encouraged the wearing of the Brown Scapular. In the final Fátima appearance on 13 October 1917, the Virgin Mary had a brown scapular in one hand and a rosary in the other.[16]

Associations

The 20th century witnessed the development of a number of Marian organizations. The

consecration of Russia. The Blue Army eventually reached a larger audience of several million members.[17][18][19]

Mariology

Papal endorsements

Leo XIII dedicated the human race to the

Sacred Heart of Jesus. But in his analysis the re-Christianisation was not possible without Mary. So Leo XIII promoted Marian devotion via ten encyclicals on the rosary and instituted the Catholic custom of daily rosary prayer during the month of October.[20][21] In 1883 he also created the Feast of Queen of the Holy Rosary.[22]

Brown Scapular during the operation.[24][25]

Role of the saints

Salesians were especially devoted to Our Lady of Mount Carmel and were both buried wearing their Brown Scapulars. John Bosco's Brown Scapular was later exhumed in very good condition and is kept as a relic in the Basilica of Our Lady Help of Christians, Turin, Italy.[26]

Brown Scapular and considered it one of the most favorite and effective Marian devotions. He also stated that: "If a person wants to die in his sins, he will die in his sins, but he will not die wearing the Brown Scapular."[27]

Louis de Montfort is widely known for his promotion of the rosary. Montfort developed specific methods of praying the rosary to help the meditative process and emphasized the need for purity of intention, attention and reverence in prayers.[28][29] [30][31]

Meditative basis

Saints and popes have emphasized the

Ingruentium Malorum on the rosary Pius XII stated: "And truly, from the frequent meditation on the Mysteries, the soul little by little and imperceptibly draws and absorbs the virtues they contain, and is wondrously enkindled with a longing for things immortal, and becomes strongly and easily impelled to follow the path which Christ Himself and His Mother have followed."[33]

Although Pope John Paul II is best known for his devotion to the rosary, he stated that he viewed the scapular as a "habit" to orient one's Christian life: "The sign of the Scapular points to an effective synthesis of Marian spirituality, which nourishes the devotion of believers and makes them sensitive to the Virgin Mother's loving presence in their lives. ...Devotion to her cannot be limited to prayers and tributes in her honor on certain occasions, but must become a 'habit', that is, a permanent orientation of one's own Christian conduct."[34]

The wearing of a scapular has been viewed as constant meditation by Bishop Leo De Goesbriand: "Wherever I am, whatever I am doing, Mary never sees me without seeing upon my body an evidence of my devotion to her."[35]

From a venerative viewpoint, Etienne Richer points out the rosary and the scapular as the key devotions that harmonize with Catholic Liturgy in the meditative process of the

veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary.[36]

The Rosary and the devotional scapular continue to be linked in the 21st century.[37]

Gallery

See also

Notes

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  1. ^ Saunders, William. "History of the Rosary", The Arlington Catholic Herald, October 6, 1994
  2. ^ "Scapular", The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 13, New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 22 Dec. 2014.
  3. ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church §1674
  4. Apostolic Constitution Indulgentiarum Doctrina [1]
  5. ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Rosary". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 2020-04-11.
  6. ISBN 978-0-271-01631-3
    p. 72
  7. ISBN 1-60506-312-6
    p. 65
  8. ISBN 978-1-59276-441-9
    page 155
  9. ^ Most, William. "The Brown Scapular", EWTN
  10. ^ Copsey, Richard. Simon Stock and the Scapular Vision, The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 50:4:652–683, 1999
  11. ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Confraternity of the Holy Rosary". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 2020-04-11.
  12. ISBN 1-4021-6108-5
    p. 498
  13. ISBN 0-521-78044-6
    page 145
  14. ^ de Marchi, John. The True Story of Fatima, Catechetical Guild Educational Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1952
  15. ISBN 978-1-59276-026-8
    p. 348
  16. ISBN 0-911218-10-6
  17. ISBN 978-0-87973-390-2
    page 141
  18. ISBN 1-60136-000-2
    page 127
  19. ISBN 0-19-530491-8
    page 98
  20. ^ "Supremi Apostolatus Officio (September 1, 1883) | LEO XIII". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 2020-04-11.
  21. ^ "Octobri Mense (September 22, 1891) | LEO XIII". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 2020-04-11.
  22. ^ Remigius Baumer, 1988, Marienlexikon, St. Ottilien, pp.41
  23. ^ "12 September 2001 | John Paul II". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 2020-04-11.
  24. ISBN 978-0-385-40966-7
    page 28
  25. ^ Lo Scapolare del Carmelo Published by Shalom, 2005
    ISBN 88-8404-081-7
    page 6
  26. ISBN 978-0-87973-701-6
    page 162
  27. ISBN 978-0-89870-682-6
  28. ISBN 978-1-58051-077-6
    page 4
  29. ISBN 978-88-7839-030-0
    page 7
  30. ISBN 978-0-87973-852-5
    page 136
  31. ISBN 978-0-8308-2595-0
    page 109
  32. ISBN 978-1-59276-098-5
    page 135
  33. Ingruentium Malorum on the Vatican website [2]
  34. ^ John Paul II Scapular Message at the Vatican website
  35. ISBN 978-1-4086-8655-3
    page 408
  36. ISBN 1-57918-355-7
    page 667
  37. ^ Zenit News 2008 Cardinal Urges Devotion to Rosary and Scapular Archived 2012-11-14 at the Wayback Machine

References

Further reading

External links

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