Rosebud Indian Reservation
Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the Rosebud Indian Reservation
Sicangu Oyate (Lakota) | |
---|---|
CDT) | |
Website | rosebudsiouxtribe-nsn.gov |
The Rosebud Indian Reservation is an
The Rosebud Indian Reservation was established in 1889 after the United States' partition of the
Geography and population
The Rosebud Indian Reservation is located in south central South Dakota. It includes within its recognized border all of Todd County, an unincorporated county of South Dakota. The Oyate also have communities and extensive lands and populations in the four adjacent counties, which were once within the Rosebud Sioux Tribe (RST) boundaries: Tripp, Lyman, Mellette, and Gregory counties, all in South Dakota. Mellette County, especially, has extensive off-reservation trust land, comprising 33.35 percent of its land area. Some 40.23 percent of the Sicangu Oyate population lives here.
The total land area of the reservation and its trust lands is 1,970.362 sq mi (5,103.214 km2) with a population of 10,469 in the
The Oyate capital is the unincorporated town of Rosebud where the tribal headquarters is located. It was established when the Spotted Tail Indian Agency territory extended to the banks of Rosebud Creek near its confluence with the Little White River. It was previously located in northwestern Nebraska.
The largest town on the reservation is
Located on the
Economy and services
Major employers include Rosebud Sioux Tribe, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and Todd County School District. The RST owns and operates Rosebud Casino on U.S. Route 83 just north of the Nebraska border. Nearby is a fuel plaza, featuring truck parking and a convenience store. Power for the casino is furnished in part by one of the nation's first tribally owned wind turbines, which generate electricity. In the early 21st century, the tribe built a new residential development, Sicangu Village, along Highway 83 near the casino and the state line.
The Tribe also owns QCredit, an online financial services company. The Tribe works with financial technology vendor Think Finance for assistance with compliance management, risk management, and loan services.[5]
Like numerous other Native American tribes, the Rosebud government decided to legalize alcohol sales on the reservation. It found that many residents went off reservation to buy alcohol in nearby towns. By legalizing the sale, the tribe can use sales taxes and other revenues generated for the welfare and health of the tribe. It can directly police and regulate the use of alcohol on the reservation in an effort to reduce abuses, and has established health programs for treatment.
The Wolakota Buffalo Range is a nearly 28,000-acre native grassland (11,000 ha) for a bison herd on the reservation. The Rosebud Economic Development Corporation (REDCO), the economic arm of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe, is managing the land.[6] Established in 2020, the herd will help develop ecological restoration, cultural practices, economic development, food security and public education.[7]
Government
Under the
Both women and male elders have continued to have influence within the nation, particularly among those who have followed more traditional lives. At times political factions have developed and continued along ethnic and cultural lines, with full-blood Sioux following traditional ways. Others, sometimes of
The short two-year terms of office can make it difficult for elected tribal officials to carry out projects over the long term. In addition, BIA officials and police retain roles on the reservations, which the historian Akim Reinhardt calls a form of "indirect colonialism".[8]
- Law: charter, constitution, and bylaws (approved November 23, 1935)
- Governing Body: Rosebud Sioux Tribal Council (20 members)
- Executive Officers: President, vice-president, Secretary, Treasurer, and Sergeant-At-Arms
Elections
- Primary elections, fourth Thursday of August; general elections, fourth Thursday of October
- President and vice-president elected at large for two-year terms; Tribal Council elected from members' districts every two years; Council appoints the secretary, treasurer, and sergeant-at-arms
- Number of election districts: 13
- Proportion of representatives: one representative per 750 members
Council meetings
- Meetings are held twice a month on Wednesday and Thursdays.
- Quorum: Need 11 members
- Aired locally on Goldenwest Channel 93 and Rosebud Sioux Tribe YouTube Channel.
Education
The tribe has developed Sinte Gleska University on the reservation. The tribal university is named after the 19th-century Sioux war chief and statesman, whose name in English was Spotted Tail.
- St. Francis Indian School (Sicangu Oyate Ho, Inc.), in missionschool.
- St. Joseph's Indian School, Chamberlain, South Dakota
- Todd County High School, Mission, South Dakota (Todd County School District 66–1)
- White River School District K-12, White River, South Dakota
- Akta Lakota Museum & Cultural Center, located since 1991 in an adapted 1968 building on the campus of St. Joseph's Indian School.[9]
Media
- Rosebud Media Network: Hits 96 (KINI) is a Commercialized radio station and KOYA 88.1 FM is a Non-Profit radio station both located in St. Francis, South Dakota and both are tribally owned.
- Newspaper: Todd County Tribune, Mission, SD.
- Newspaper: Sicangu Sun-Times, Rosebud. Founded in 1990 as an independent weekly, the newspaper is Sicangu-owned. It celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2015. The Sicangu Sun-Times is sold on newsstands across the Rosebud Indian Reservation and maintains a website at: sicangusuntimes.com. It also has newsstands in Winner, South Dakota; Valentine, Nebraska; and on three other South Dakota Indian reservations. Due to area poverty, the newspaper survives on limited advertising.
The Sun-Times is the only news outlet to cover political news on the reservation, along with police, court and community news. An economic decline forced the paper to cut back to a monthly edition in 2010.[10]
Notable tribal members and residents
-
Janeen Antoine (Sicangu Lakota), curator, educator, and director of American Indian Contemporary Arts in San Francisco, grew up on the Rosebud Reservation.
- Susan Allen, the first Native American woman elected to the Minnesota state legislature, and the first openly lesbian Native American to win election to a state legislature.[11]
- Janeen Antoine (.
- The Price Is Right, the longest-running daytime game show in North American television history (1972-2007).[13]
- Martin Brokenleg, is a psychologist and author in the fields of trauma, resilience, and Native American studies. An enrolled member of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe, he was a professor of Native American studies at Augustana University in South Dakota for 30 years.[1] He also served as Professor and Director of the Native Ministries Programme at the Vancouver School of Theology from 2004 to 2009.
- Belva Cottier (1920-2000), activist and social worker who planned the 1964 Occupation of Alcatraz.[14][15]
- Paul Eagle Star, (1864-1891) (Brulé Sioux), member of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
- Troy Heinert (Rosebud Sioux), politician, businessman, and rodeo pick-up rider. He was elected to the South Dakota House in 2012 and to the SD Senate in 2014; he is Senate Assistant Minority Leader
- Hollow Horn Bear, son of Iron Shell, Sioux leader at the Fetterman Fight. He served as head of Indian police at the Rosebud Agency, and arrested Crow Dog for the murder of Spotted Tail.
- Chief Iron Shell, led the Brulé Orphan Band during the Powder River War of 1866–1868.
- Doris Leader Charge, Lakota instructor at Sinte Gleska University, dialogue coach on Dances with Wolves
- PEN/Beyond Margins Awardfor one of his histories
- Terry L. Pechota, American attorney who was the 32nd United States Attorney for the District of South Dakota; nominated by Jimmy Carter, confirmed by United States Senate 1979.
- Plenty Horses (1869–1933), a highly educated Lakota who was at the Drexel Mission Fight and was charged with the murder of Lieutenant Edward W. Casey soon after the Wounded Knee Massacre, but acquitted as the jury found a state of war had existed.[16]
- US Representativein 1960 and served until his retirement in 1971.
- Yvette Roubideaux (Rosebud Sioux), M.D., M.P.H., was Director of the United States Indian Health Service (IHS), appointed in 2009 as the first woman to hold the position.
- Chief Sinte Gleska, translated as "Spotted Tail" (1823-1881), was a war chief and later worked for peace. He was a Brulé Sioux relative of Crazy Horse. In 1868 he signed a peace treaty with the US in 1868 to cede lands. Sinte Gleska University, a Lakota Tribal college, is named for him.
- Richard Twiss (1954-2013), founder of Wiconi International ministry.
- Frank Waln, a Sicangu Lakota rapper
- Albert White Hat Sr.- Author, language teacher, and leader.
- Dyani White Hawk (born 1976), Sicangu artist and former curator of All My Relations Arts gallery
- Sicangu Lakota tradition, he was a founding member of the Society of American Indians. He fought for American Indian citizenship during the Progressive Era, and collaborated with American Museum of Natural History to produce silent drama The Silent Enemy, in which he starred as Chief Chetoga.
Recent legal cases
In
The tribe has suffered from terrible conditions at the IHS hospital. Because the IHS did not maintain standards, in November 2015 the federal
On April 28, 2016, members of the Rosebud Indian Reservation announced they were suing the federal government for its closure of the only emergency room on its reservation, which is operated by
While in Congress before 2018, former Representative Kristi Noem (R-South Dakota), now governor of South Dakota, authored legislation to improve conditions and staff at IHS facilities. She testified before Congress to gain support for the legislation.[17]
This article needs to be updated.(March 2021) |
In December 2020, the
Communities
The Rosebud Sioux Reservation has 20 communities represented on its tribal council:
References
- ^ "Tribal Council". Retrieved 2019-07-24.
- ^ 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. "My Tribal Area". United States Census Bureau.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Rosebud Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, South Dakota . United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "U.S. Census Bureau: St. Francis town, South Dakota". www.census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions | Q Credit". www.qcredit.com. Archived from the original on 2017-01-09. Retrieved 2017-01-08.
- ^ DiLonardo, Mary Jo (October 28, 2021). "Dozens of Bison Released on Tribal Land in South Dakota". Treehugger. Retrieved 2021-10-29.
- ^ French, Brett (February 12, 2021). "American Prairie Reserve donates bison to South Dakota tribes". Billings Gazette. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
- ^ Ruling Pine Ridge: Oglala Lakota Politics from the IRA to Wounded Knee, Texas Tech University Press, 2007
- ^ "About the Akta Lakota Museum & Cultural Center", Official website; accessed 16 July 2016
- ^ Interviews: SST Chief Editor PR Gregg-Bear, SST Business Manager Nancy Brooks, RST Finance Officer James Wike, RST President William Kindle, RST Council Rep. Calvin "Hawkeye" Waln, Newsstand: AllStop Grocery Store owner Wes Colombe, Rosebud, South Dakota; Buche Foods Mission Manager Mike Husman, Mission, South Dakota
- ^ "Susan L. Allen | Jacobson Law Group". www.thejacobsonlawgroup.com. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
- ^ "Native American Heritage Month: S.F. gallery director wins praise for breaking with past"[permanent dead link], San Francisco Chronicle, 12 Nov 1995 (retrieved 20 Dec 2009)
- ^ "Robert (Bob) Barker - South Dakota's Indian Census Roll April 1, 1930". Retrieved June 25, 2011.
- ^ "1921 Indian Census: Rosebud Reservation, Ponca District, South Dakota". FamilySearch. Washington, D. C.: National Archives and Records Administration. June 30, 1921. p. 11. NARA microfilm series 595, roll #435, lines 4300–4301. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
- S2CID 144308066.
- ^ Roger L. Di Silvestro, The Shadow of Wounded Knee: The Untold Final Story of the Indian Wars, p. 203
- ^ a b Tanya H. Lee, " 'Where you can legally kill Indians': Winnebago treasurer on IHS hospitals" Archived 2016-07-17 at the Wayback Machine, Indian Country News, 15 July 2016; accessed 16 July 2016
- ^ "South Dakota Tribe Sues Feds for ER Closure", ABC News, 28 April 2016
- ^ Jesuits to return 525 acres of South Dakota land to Rosebud Sioux Tribe White Wolf Pack
Further reading
- Bennison, Sarah Machiels. (2011) "Americanizing the West: Protestant and Catholic Missionary Education on the Rosebud Reservation, 1870-1920." Teachers College Record 113.3 pp. 431–462. abstract
- Biolsi, Thomas. (1995) "Bringing the law back in: Legal rights and the regulation of Indian-white relations on Rosebud Reservation." Current Anthropology 36.4 pp. 543–571.
- Biolsi, Thomas. (2001) Deadliest enemies: Law and the making of race relations on and off Rosebud Reservation University of California Press
- Biolsi, Thomas. (2018) Power and Progress on the Prairie: Governing People on Rosebud Reservation University of Minnesota Press. Online review.
- Clow, Richmond L. (1987) "The Indian Reorganization Act and the Loss of Tribal Sovereignty: Constitutions on the Rosebud and Pine Ridge Reservations." Great Plains Quarterly (Center for Great Plains Studies), pp. 125–134. online
- Useem, John, Gordon Macgregor, and Ruth Useem. (1943) "Wartime Employment and Cultural Adjustments of the Rosebud Sioux." Human Organization 2.2 pp. 1–9. online.