Rossiya Bank
joint stock company | |
Industry | Financial services |
---|---|
Founded | 1990 |
Headquarters | Saint Petersburg, Russia |
Key people | Kirill Krivoschekov, CEO Yury Kovalchuk, Board chairman |
Products | Financial services |
Revenue | 71,098,900,000 Russian ruble (2017) |
Rating | A+ (ACRA) (2017)[1] |
Website | www.abr.ru |
The Rossiya Bank (Bank Rossiya (Russian: Банк «Росси́я»), in Russian: Акционерный коммерческий банк Россия, АКБ Россия) is a Russian joint stock bank founded on June 27, 1990. The company's headquarters are in Saint Petersburg.
The bank has been associated with the Vladimir Putin regime in Russia. The Pandora Papers leak revealed that the bank built a network of shadow companies that kept offshore wealth for Russian elites.[2]
History
Communist Party ownership and 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt
On August 23, 1990, a secret memorandum from Vladimir A. Ivashko, who was
In 1990, the CPSU committee of the
In December 1991 its activity was resumed, as the shares had been redeemed on 29 December 1991 by some member ventures of the
JV Neva Chance
The Austrian Russian joint venture JV Neva Chance received funds from the Revival of St. Petersburg Foundation (Russian: фонд «Возрождение Петербурга»), which was co-founded by Anatoly Sobchak and its CEO Alexander Margolis (Russian: Александр Марголис).[20][21][f] A Los Angeles branch of the St. Petersburg Foundation was established by Mark Davidovich Lvovich (Russian: Марк Давидович Львович; b. Soviet Union), also known as Mark Neumann (Russian: Марк Нейман), who founded and headed the California firm Trada that received several hundred thousand dollars of "funds of UNI-REM" (Russian: "УНИ-РЭМ") which Sergei Bagaev (Russian: Сергей Багаев),[g] a colleague of Anatoly Sobchak at Leningrad University, headed.[23] Leon Weinstein (Russian: Леон Вайнштейн), an assistant to Neuman at the Los Angeles branch, and his wife Gulnara Afanasyeva (Russian: Гульнара Афанасьева) were active with the St. Petersburg Foundation when it sponsored Sobchak's visit to Los Angeles.[23][h]
JV Neva Chance established thirty companies including JV Casino Neva.[20]
Putin's capital support from Leningrad casinos
Beginning in 1991,
Capital outflows from the Soviet Union and Russia
In March 1992, the
Organized crime links
From 1998 to 2000 OCG
Putin as president of Russia
As of January 1, 2005, its major shareholders were
On December 28, 2006,
The U.S. government has characterized Rossiya Bank as Putin’s personal cashbox.[2]
Pandora Papers
The Pandora Papers leak revealed that Rossiya Bank built a network of shadow companies that kept offshore wealth for Russian elites.[2]
Sanctions
On March 20, 2014, the United States Government
In response Vladimir Putin announced that he would open a ruble-only account with Bank Rossiya and would make it the primary bank in the newly annexed Crimea as well as giving the right to service payments on Russia's $36 billion wholesale electricity market – which gave the bank $112 million annually from commission charges alone.[61] Bank Rossiya also announced plans to expand into the Crimean market, becoming the first major Russian bank to do so.[60]
As of January 2019, Rossiya Bank has become the most important investor in Russia's development of its annexation of Crimea during the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War.[62]
On February 22, 2022, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced sanctions against five banks, including Rossiya Bank.[63] Additional sanctions prohibiting correspondent banking relationships were imposed in December 2023.[64]
Assets worth – historical data
Date | Asset worth | Rank in banks ranking |
---|---|---|
April 1, 2005 | 12.2 billion rubles | 68 in Russia |
October 1, 2006 | 30.2 billion rubles | 44 in Russia |
April 1, 2010 | 105.9 billion rubles | 37 in Russia |
April 1, 2015 | 508 billion rubles[65] | 17 in Russia |
October 1, 2020 | 1.072 trillion rubles | 14 in Russia |
Ratings
- In February 2021, Russian
- In August 2023, Rossiya Bank entered the top 10 largest credit institutions by volume of deposits in July 2023 in a rating compiled by the financial service Brobank.ru. Experts assessed banks based on criteria such as the volume of time deposits, funds for payments through bank cards and other funds placed with the bank for a predetermined period. As a result, in July the amount of deposits of individuals in Bank Rossiya in July amounted to 204.62 billion rubles.[67]
Management
The head of its board of directors were, in order, Vladimir Kolovay and Andrei Katkov. The current head of the board of directors is Yury Kovalchuk, who has held this position since 2004.[68][69][70][71]
Director General and Head of the Management Committee:
- 1993–1995: Vitaly Savelyev
- 1995–1998: Viktor Myachin
- 1998–1999: Mikhail Markov
- 1999–2004: Viktor Myachin
- September 2004 – April 2006: Mikhail Klishin[p]
- April 2006 – June 2023: Dmitri Lebedev (also resigned as a chairman of the Board of Directors)
On September 24, 2004, Viktor Myachin resigned from the Director General position and Mikhail Klishin, who had been the First Deputy Director General and held a 0.197% share, was appointed acting Director General.[74]
On December 10, 2004, Mikhail Klishin was appointed Director General, as the
On April 3, 2006, the board of directors appointed Dmitry Lebedev Director General and Head of the Management Committee. Mikhail Klishin (holder of a 0.159% share) was appointed First Deputy Director General. The Management Committee appointed on that day: Dmitry Lebedev, Oleg Anufriev, Alexander Germanov, Konstantin Gorbachyov, Faniya Kabalina, Mikhail Klishin, Galina Lebedeva, Alexander Markin, Oleg Filatov.[76]
On December 26, 2006, the board of directors of the Bank elected its new Management Committee consisting of Dmitry Lebedev (Head, Director General), Alexander Germanov, Konstantin Gorbachyov, Faniya Kabalina, Mikhail Klishin, Alexander Markin and Boris Tikhonenko.[77]
Subsidiaries
As of 2005, the bank is a shareholder of the following companies[78][79]):
- JSC ABRos Investment Company (100%)
- JSC Alfa Invest (100%)
- JSC ABR Trust (100%)
- JSC ABR Security Company (100%)
- JSC ZEST (100%)
- JSC Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti Editorial House (20%, increased up to 35% in 2005)
- JSC newspaper Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti (20%, increased up to 35% in 2005[80][81])
- JSC Fund for Regional Development of St. Petersburg (15%)
- JSC Center for Innovative Management (10%).
- JSC Red Chemist (7.36%).
In January 2005 it turned out that ABRos, a subsidiary of the bank, and Accept, one of its shareholders, held a 49.97% share and a 13.5% share of the
In November 2005 ABRos Investment Company (chairman of the board of Directors since September 11, 2006:
As of 2008 and later in 2016, Rossiya Bank has large investments in National Media Group (Russian: Национальная Медиа Группа (НМГ)) both directly and indirectly through its 100% ownership of Abros which has a stake in National Media Group.[6][91][92]
In August 2010, Sobinbank, an asset of Gazenergobank that had been formed by Alexander Mamut, was acquired by Rossiya Bank when it took over Gazenergobank.[93]
In the summer of 2012, ABR Management was established to manage Rossiya Bank's assets.[93]
In 2016, Rossiya Bank's subsidiaries included Channel One, Channel 5, and Ren TV of the National Media Group CJSC, the leasing group Zest, and Sogaz OJSC.[93][94]
In 2018, Rossiya Bank, Yuri Kovalchuk and Nikolai Shamalov through their investments in the National Media Group and its 100% ownership of Synerdzhy LLC (Russian: ООО "Синерджи") and Otkrytie TV LLC (Russian: OOO Открытие ТВ) which is 100% owned by Media allians LLC (Russian: OOO Медиа Альянс) in which Rossiya Bank has an 80% stake, have close relationships with the John C. Malone associated Liberty Media.[92]
Beginning on 20 January 2020, the processing center of JSC AB Russia (Russian: АО «АБ «РОССИЯ») provides processing services for the issue of bank payment cards and support for acquiring projects of Evrofinance Mosnarbank.[95]
Notes
- ^ Richard L. Palmer, president of Cachet International, Inc., was the CIA station chief at the United States Embassy in Moscow from 1992 to 1994.[4][5]
- ^ Russian Video was headed by TV director Dmitry Rozhdestvensky. It was associated with Andrei Balyasnikov, the former Assistant Secretary of the Leningrad City Committee for Ideology, who died in a car accident while Rozhdestvensky headed Russian Video, the retired KGB colonel Vladimir Grunin who was in charge of spying on foreign consulates in Leningrad and Mikhael Mirilashvili, also known as Misha Kutaissky. In 1997, the Media Most Group gained control of Russian Video and Filipp Bobkov, who masterminded the transfer of the Communist Party gold in the early 1990s, headed it until Media Most's liquidation in May 2001.[9][10]
- ^ Upon Rossiya Bank's registration on 27 June 1990, the Vladislav Reznik associated firm Russian Video (Russian: "Русское видео")[b] held a 13 million ruble stake compared to the CPSU's 15 million stake which was held by the Leningrad Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union which Arkady Krutikhin (Russian: Аркадий Крутихин) headed.[9] All of the funds for the Russian Video stake came from the Leningrad Regional Committee of the Communist Party, too.[9] Others with stakes were Rus (Russian: Акционерное страховое общество (АСК) "Русь"),[9] an insurance company founded by Aleksey Aleksandrov (Russian: Алексей Иванович Александров) and headed by Vladislav Reznik from 1990 to 1995,[11][12] and Digital Transfer, a Soviet-Belgian company.[13] Rossiya Bank's total capital at registration was 31 million rubles.[13]
- ^ The Zürich based law firm Dietrich, Baumgartner & Partners is the main law firm used by the controlling interests at Bank Rossiya. For example, to establish two new Swiss bank accounts at Gazprombank Switzerland in Zürich for the beneficial owner Sergei Roldugin, Vladimir Khotimsky, who is an investment manager at Rossiya Bank, emailed the Zürich law office of Andres Baumgartner, who is an American and is fluent in German, French, English and Russian, with instructions to "pass on Khotimsky’s orders—to enact loans or make share deals—to Mossack Fonseca’s branch office in the same town," and "The Panamanian firm then used its own network of offices in far-flung jurisdictions to operate anonymous shell companies, in the [British Virgin Islands], Panama itself, or Belize."[15][16][17][18][19]
- ^ The president of the Saint Petersburg Association of Joint Ventures was Gennady Volodchenko (Russian: Геннадий Володченко) and its CEO of TSA was Vladimir Kozhin (Russian: Владимир Кожин) and Vladimir Putin oversaw its interests from his city office. In 1993, Vitaly Savelyev (Russian: Виталий Савельев) became the advisor to the board of Rossiya Bank.
- ^ In the 1990s, Alexander Valerievich Sobchak (Russian: Александр Валерьевич Собчак) who is a nephew of Anatoly Sobchak founded numerous strip clubs and escort companies in St Petersburg.[21][22]
- ^ In September 1996, Sergei Bagaev was murdered in Saint Petersburg on Shpalernaya Street (Russian: Шпалерная улица)[23]
- ^ Upon Sobchak's arrival in Los Angeles, Mark Neuman, Leon Weinstein, and Gulnara Afanasyeva met Sobchak.[23]
- ^ From 1990-1, Joseph Serio, an American, worked with the Soviet Interior Ministry as an American liaison.[44]
- ^ Other estimates show that the KGB had removed $50 billion in 1992 real dollars.[40]
- ^ Vladimir Putin was in charge of the Committee for Foreign Liaison, (Russian: комитет внешних связей), the Committee for Foreign Economic Relations, or the Committee for External Relations during this period. Later, he was the advisor to Anatoly Sobchak until June 1991 while Sobchak headed the Leningrad City Council from May 1990 to June 1991. After Sobchak became the Mayor of Saint Petersburg, Putin became Sobchak's first deputy and later Sobchak's first deputy mayor. By 1990, Sobchak was reviled by the KGB for his uncovering of numerous irregularities and illegal actions by the KGB and former KGB officials.[46]
- ^ The Leningrad Association of Joint Ventures was formed in 1990 and had two joint ventures with Germany, one with the United States, and one with Finland (FILCO).[47]
- ^ KOLO removed part of the assets of six defense and space complex firms.[41]
- ^ In 2013, this was equal to one billion United States dollars.[54]
- ^ Mikhail Alekseevich Klishin (Russian: Михаил Алексеевич Клишин) (b. October 9, 1954) graduated from the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute (Russian: Ленинградский политехнический институт) with a degree in metallurgical engineering in 1980 and from the International Banking Institute (Russian: Международный банковский институт) in St. Petersburg in 1998. From 1980-1992, he was KGB in the management of the Leningrad Oblast, Soviet Union. From 1992-1995, he was Deputy General Director of Avanburg Joint Venture (JV) (Russian: СП “Аванбург”) which was established 18 November 1991 and liquidated 22 January 2007.[72][73] From 1995 to 1997, he headed the Credit Department of the Rossiya Bank. In 1997-1998, he headed the credit department of the St. Petersburg branch of Tokobank (Russian: Токобанк). In 1998, he was appointed Deputy General Director of Rossiya Bank and, in 1999, he became First Deputy General Director of Rossiya Bank.[7][8]
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- ^ "АО "АБ "РОССИЯ"". raexpert.ru (in Russian).
- ^ Банк «РОССИЯ» вошел в топ-10 крупнейших банков по сумме вкладов физлиц". www.vbr.ru. (in Russian).
- ^ Резник, Ирина (Reznik, Irina); Петрова, Ольга (Petrova, Olga) (July 24, 2008). "Помощники "России" Как ученому Юрию Ковальчуку удалось превратить мелкий обкомовский банк в бизнес-империю? Он никогда не использовал своих денег, а находил нужных инвесторов, объясняет один из его бывших партнеров" [Assistants of "Russia" How did the scientist Yuri Kovalchuk manage to turn a small Obkomov bank into a business empire? He never used his money, but found the right investors, one of his former partners explains.]. "Ведомости" (in Russian). No. № 136 (2158). Archived from the original on September 10, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
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has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Как устроен бизнес Юрий Ковальчук" [How arranges business Yuri Kovalchuk]. "Ведомости" (in Russian). July 24, 2008. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2021. Alt URL
- ^ "Лица "России"" [Faces Rossiya Bank]. "Ведомости" (in Russian). July 24, 2008. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2021. Alt URL
- ^ "Вся подноготная бизнес-империи Юрия Ковальчука" [All the ins and outs of the business empire of Yuri Kovalchuk]. "Ведомости". July 24, 2008. Archived from the original on November 20, 2019. Retrieved October 8, 2020 – via rospres.ru.
- ^ "АВАНБУРГ АОЗТ СП" [AVANBURG AOZT SP]. rusprofile.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on January 29, 2020. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
- ^ "АВАНБУРГ АОЗТ СП (подробный список)" [AVANBURG AOZT SP (detailed listing)]. rusprofile.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on January 29, 2020. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
- ^ Viktor Myachin resigned from the position of the Director General of the Russia Bank, Finnews.ru, September 28, 2004 (in Russian).
- ^ Mikhail Klishin became the Director General of the Russia Bank, Finnews.ru, December 16, 2004 (in Russian).
- ^ Dmitry Lebedev appointed Director general of the Russia Bank, Finnews.ru, April 5, 2006 (in Russian).
- ^ The Board of Directors of the Russia Bank confirmed the appointment of its Management, Finnews.ru, January 11, 2007 (in Russian).
- ^ Shleinov, Roman (2011). "Russian Businessmen Arrested in Spain on Charges of Operation a Criminal Organization Have Connections with Russian Government Officials, Politicians, Heads of State-owned Companies and Friends of Vladimir Putin". Russian Federation Office of the Prime Minister (Novaya Gazeta press release "Rossia & Company"). Retrieved February 19, 2016.
- ^ "Россия. Банк". stockmap.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on May 15, 2008.
- ^ ":: 20% 35% ::". stockmap.ru.
- ^ "Антикомпромат.Ру. Олигархи. Происхождение путинской олигархии". June 21, 2006. Archived from the original on June 21, 2006.
- ^ SOGAZ sold to St. Pete Archived October 17, 2007, at the Wayback Machine by Pavel Miledin et al., Vedomosti #9 (1290), January 21, 2005 (in Russian, subscription required, full text freely available on www.lenpravda.ru)
- ^ "Эмитент АО "АБ "РОССИЯ" (7831000122) Новости | RusBonds". rusbonds.ru.
- ^ "Эмитент АО "СОГАЗ" (7736035485) Новости | RusBonds". rusbonds.ru.
- ^ Who sold SOGAZ? Archived October 17, 2007, at the Wayback Machine by Pavel Miledin et al., Vedomosti #144 (1184), August 13, 2004 (in Russian, subscription required)
- ^ "Эмитент АО АКБ "ЕВРОФИНАНС МОСНАРБАНК" (7703115760) Новости | RusBonds". rusbonds.ru. Retrieved November 18, 2023.
- ^ The Russia bank found a top-manager in the state service, Kommersant (in Russian).
- ^ The Russia Bank buys a considerable share of the Petersburg TV and Radio Company, Finnews.ru, November 28, 2005 (in Russian).
- ^ Yesterday, Kommersant, January 30, 2006 (in Russian).
- ^ "Друг президента стал акционером "Рен ТВ"". lenta.ru.
- ^ "Банк "Россия"". Retrieved November 18, 2023.
- ^ a b "Структура Активов Миллиардера". Delovoy Peterburg. November 12, 2016. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
- ^ a b c "Rossiya bank" (PDF). Банки.ру. March 6, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
- ^ Россия. Банк Stockmap.ru website. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
- ^ "АО АКБ «ЕВРОФИНАНС МОСНАРБАНК» перевёл банковские карты на новый процессинг" [JSC JSCB "EVROFINANCE MOSNARBANK" transferred bank cards to a new processing]. Evrofinance Mosnarbank (www.evrofinance.ru) (in Russian). January 20, 2020. Archived from the original on July 5, 2023. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
External links
- Media related to Rossiya Bank at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website (in Russian)
- Bank Rossiya Emerges From Shadows The Moscow Times July 10, 2008
- Dynamic tycoon is close associate of Putin by Julian Evans, The Times, May 27, 2006.
- Rossia Bank to Reach Federal Level, Kommersant, March 27, 2006.
- Anna Shcherbakova. Interview with Mikhail Klishin, Director general of the Russia Bank. Vedomosti #35(1316), March 1, 2005. (in Russian)
- The Origin of Putin's Oligarchy by Vladimir Pribylovsky. Ms., October 11, 2005. (in Russian)
- The Russia Bank, Map of property in St. Petersburg (in Russian).
- The country of opportunities. Interview with Yuriy Kovalchuk, Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti, July 9, 2005 (in Russian).
- Main Indicators of Bank Activities as of April 1, 2005 Interfax (in Russian)
- Main Indicators of Bank Activities as of July 1, 2005 Interfax (in Russian)
- Main Indicators of Bank Activities as of October 1, 2005 Interfax (in Russian)
- Main Indicators of Bank Activities as of January 1, 2006. Interfax (in Russian)
- Main Indicators of Bank Activities as of April 1, 2006. Interfax (in Russian)
- Main Indicators of Bank Activities as of July 1, 2006. Interfax (in Russian)
- Main Indicators of Bank Activities as of October 1, 2006. Interfax (in Russian)
- Putin's Kleptocracy by Karen Dawisha. Archived on January 29, 2020.