Roter Ochse
Roter Ochse ("The Red Ox", today JVA Halle I) is a prison in Halle (Saale). The name can be traced to the end of the nineteenth century, but its origin is unclear. It is said to be related to the colour of the masonry.
Since 1996 it has also been used as a memorial.
History
Prussia
After six years of construction, the prison went into operation as "The Royal Prussian Penal, Learning, and Correctional Institution" (Königlich-Preußische Straf-, Lern- und Besserungsanstalt). On February 7, 1885, the anarchists
In the
Germany under National Socialism
In the early years of the Nazi regime, from 1933 to 1935, the prison was used for "protective custody". From 1935 it was mainly used as a penitentiary for political prisoners. Following a March 19, 1939 directive from the Ministry of Justice, it was used as a central execution site . By the end of the war, 549 prisoners had been killed by guillotine or hanging.[4]
The bodies of executed prisoners may have been used for scientific research. At the request of physiologist Gotthilft von Studnitz , at least 35 prisoners' eyes were removed immediately after their death for research into night vision.[5][verification needed]
Soviet Occupation Zone and the German Democratic Republic
The prison was liberated by the
Roter Ochse was the office of Stasi departments VIII (observation and investigation), IX (investigations), and XIV (pre-trial and penal detention), and working-group XXII (counter-terrorism), for the district of Halle. Almost 10,000 people were interned by the Stasi at Roter Ochse.[3]
Federal Republic of Germany
Roter Ochse is now a correctional facility (JVA Halle I).
Memorial
Since February 15, 1996, there has been a memorial for victims of political persecution from 1933 to 1945 and 1945–1989 in Roter Ochse, in the former Nazi execution building, which had been converted into an interrogation facility by the Stasi. The memorial is intended as a place for education and research as well as a place of mourning, remembrance, and commemoration.[7] Since February 15, 2006, there has been a three-floor, permanent exhibition on display. There is also space for temporary exhibits.
Sources
- Fricke, Kurt. 1997. Die Justizvollzugsanstalt „Roter Ochse“ Halle/Saale 1933–1945. Eine Dokumentation. Magdeburg: Ministerium des Innern des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt, Magdeburg (Gedenkstätten und Gedenkstättenarbeit im Land Sachsen-Anhalt 3).
- Viebig, Michael. 1998. Das Zuchthaus Halle/Saale als Richtstätte der nationalsozialistischen Justiz (1942 bis 1945). Magdeburg: Ministerium des Innern des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt.
- Sperk, Alexander. 1998. Die MfS-Untersuchungshaftanstalt „Roter Ochse“ Halle/Saale von 1950 bis 1989. Eine Dokumentation. Magdeburg: Ministerium des Innern des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt.
- Fricke, Kurt. 2006. "Die Strafanstalt Roter Ochse in Halle 1933 bis 1989". In: Werner Freitag, Katrin Minner, Andreas Ranft (eds.), Geschichte der Stadt Halle. Volume 2: Halle im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Halle: Mitteldeutscher Verlag. pp. 415–431. ISBN 3-89812-383-9
- Bohse, Daniel, and Alexander Sperk (eds.). 2008. Der Rote Ochse Halle (Saale). Politische Justiz 1933–1945, 1945–1989. Berlin: Christoph Links Verlag. ISBN 978-3-86153-480-8 (Schriftenreihe der Stiftung Gedenkstätten Sachsen-Anhalt 1). [1]
External links
References
- ^ Scheeb, Hans Dieter (November 27, 2004). "Billige Lunte verhindert ein Attentat". Wiesbadener Kurier. Archived from the original on May 1, 2005. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
- ^ Ralf Hoffrogge : Werner Scholem – eine politische Biographie (1895–1940), UVK Konstanz 2014, ISBN 978-3-86764-505-8; pp. 96–110, p. 462.
- ^ a b c "Geschichte". Landesportal Sachsen-Anhalt (in German). Retrieved 2021-12-24.
- ^ "Gedenkstätte ROTER OCHSE Halle (Saale)". Landesportal Sachsen-Anhalt (in German). Retrieved 2021-12-24.
- ^ Gattermann, Rolf, and Volker Neumann: Die Geschichte der Zoologie in Halla (Saale) in: Zoologie 2002, Mitteilungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, pp. 16 ff.
- ^ "17. Juni 1953 - Homepage - Projektsite Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, DeutschlandRadio, Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung". www.17juni53.de. Retrieved 2021-12-24.
- ^ "Gedenkstätte". Landesportal Sachsen-Anhalt (in German). Retrieved 2021-12-24.