Round Rock, Texas
Round Rock, Texas | ||
---|---|---|
FIPS code 48-63500 | | |
GNIS feature ID | 2411005[2] | |
Website | www |
Round Rock is a city in the U.S. state of
The city straddles the
In August 2008,
According to the 2008 ratings from the Texas Education Agency, the Round Rock Independent School District ranks among the best in the state. Of 42 schools within it, 12 were rated exemplary and 11 were recognized.
Round Rock is perhaps best known as the international headquarters of
History
Prehistory
Round Rock and Williamson County have been the site of human habitation since at least 9,200 BCE. The area's earliest known inhabitants lived during the late Pleistocene (Ice Age), and are linked to the Clovis culture around 9,200 BCE based on evidence found at the much-studied Gault Site, midway between Georgetown and Fort Cavazos.[13] One of the most important discoveries in recent times is the ancient skeletal remains dubbed "the Leanderthal Lady" because of its age and proximity to Leander, Texas.[14] The site is 4 miles (6 km) west of Round Rock and was discovered by accident by Texas Department of Transportation workers while drilling core samples for a new highway. The site has been studied for many years and samples carbon date to this particular Pleistocene period around 10,500 years ago.
Prehistoric and
Post-Archaic Native American history
During the 18th century, the Tonkawa made the transition to a horse culture and used firearms to a limited extent. Apparently, small numbers of
As the area developed into a rural Anglo community, some of the modern paved roads followed the original Native-American pathways. One famous immigration route passed through Round Rock and is called the "Double File Trail" because the path was wide enough for two horsemen to ride side-by-side. It is part of a longer trail from North Texas that crossed the San Gabriel River in Georgetown, Brushy Creek in Round Rock, and the Colorado River in Austin.[17] An elementary school in the Round Rock school district is named for the trail, Double File Trail Elementary School.
19th-century history
In 1851, a small community was formed on the banks of Brushy Creek, near a large round and anvil-shaped rock in the middle of the creek. ( 30°30′47.14″N 97°41′21.62″W / 30.5130944°N 97.6893389°W) This round rock marked a convenient low-water crossing for wagons, horses, and cattle. The first postmaster called the community "Brushy", and the creek was called "Brushy Creek", but in 1854, at the suggestion of the postmaster, the small settlement was renamed Round Rock in honor of this now famous rock.[18] After the Civil War, Jesse Chisholm began moving cattle from South Texas through Round Rock on the way to Abilene, Kansas. The route he established, which crossed Brushy Creek at the round rock, became known as the Chisholm Trail.[19] Most of the old buildings, including the old Saint Charles Hotel, have been preserved. This historic area is now called "Old Town".[20]
Downtown Round Rock was the site of a historic gunfight and subsequent capture (and death) of the 19th-century American train robber
20th-century history
Cotton
In the first half of the 20th century, the county's wealth came from the cotton fields.
Chisholm Trail Crossing Park
To preserve the heritage of the famous crossing, a Chisholm Trail Crossing Park was developed to provide visitors with a simulated scene of Round Rock's historical role in the Chisholm cattle drive. Commemorative plaques in the park tell of the history of Round Rock. The bronze sculptures of four steers and pioneer woman Hattie Cluck and her son, Emmitt, were commissioned by the city through donations from Round Rock residents. The sculptures depict Round Rock's history as a crossing location along the Chisholm Trail.[29] The project plans include 18 to 20 additional bronze statues over time.
Old Settlers Association
Following the end of the American Civil War, a group of Confederate veterans held a reunion in Georgetown on August 27, 1904, for the old settlers of Williamson County and their descendants. The invitation promised "good music, plenty to eat, and above all a warm welcome." The event was well-attended, and reunions—now called Old Settlers Association (OSA) reunions—have been held annually ever since. After the initial one, the event was moved to Round Rock and eventually a structure was built (along with three restored log cabins) in the Palm Valley area of Round Rock, in front of Old Settlers Park, just off Highway 79 in east Round Rock. All members of the organization are descendants of Williamson County residents prior to 1904. OSA has about 50 active members and 300 members in all.[30] The Old Settlers Association today is a social and educational group, with the purpose of facilitating social activities, as well as collecting and preserving important historical information and facts. The facilities are rented for meetings, arts and craft and collectable shows, events, parties, weddings and rehearsal dinners.[31]
Economic impact of Interstate 35
In the 1950s, planners of the new
Meanwhile, Round Rock leaders sought the highway and its potential economic benefits. Mayor Louis Henna lobbied the Highway Commission. In June 1956, the 15-year debate over the form, funding, and route of the Interstate was resolved.[33] Due to the heavy lobbying, and not wanting to antagonize Taylor, the highway was built along the edge of the Balcones Fault line, running through Round Rock. The precise route was not without opposition, however, as the new road cut off "Old Town" to the west from what had become the more recent "downtown" area east of Interstate 35.[34] The Interstate eventually made Round Rock into a viable and vibrant commercial center, while Taylor withered with the decline of the cotton industry. Today, it is a minor, modest town with a smaller population, while Round Rock has thrived and rapidly grown into the largest city in the county, attracting Dell Computer and major retail centers.[12] The transformation of Round Rock is detailed in a book by Linda Scarborough (publisher of the Williamson County Sun newspaper) titled Road, River and Ol' Boy Politics: A Texas County's Path from Farm to Supersuburb published by Texas State Historical Press.[27]
Life as a Suburb community
By the 1990s, Round Rock was primarily a suburb, with the majority of its employed residents working in Austin and then returning home after work to places such as Round Rock and Georgetown, where housing and land were less expensive. In the 1990s, Round Rock had few major employers and jobs other than local retail and other services, or ranching and farming.
Geography
Round Rock is 17 miles (27 kilometers) north of downtown Austin, and 10 mi (16 km) south of Georgetown. Its elevation is 709 ft (216 m).[citation needed] According to the US Census Bureau, the city has an area of 26.3 square miles (68.0 km2), of which 26.1 square miles (67.7 km2) are land and 0.1 square mile (0.3 km2) (0.50%) is covered by water.[37] Prior to the 2010 census, the city annexed part of the Brushy Creek CDP, increasing its area to 35.9 square miles (93 km2), of which, 35.6 square miles (92 km2) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) is water.[38][39]
Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by generally hot, humid summers and mild, cool winters. According to the Köppen climate classification, Round Rock has a humid subtropical climate, Cfa on climate maps.[40]
Climate data for Round Rock, Texas | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 88 (31) |
100 (38) |
96 (36) |
96 (36) |
102 (39) |
109 (43) |
105 (41) |
107 (42) |
109 (43) |
99 (37) |
92 (33) |
88 (31) |
109 (43) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 60 (16) |
65 (18) |
73 (23) |
79 (26) |
85 (29) |
91 (33) |
95 (35) |
96 (36) |
90 (32) |
82 (28) |
70 (21) |
62 (17) |
79 (26) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 35 (2) |
39 (4) |
46 (8) |
54 (12) |
62 (17) |
69 (21) |
71 (22) |
70 (21) |
64 (18) |
55 (13) |
45 (7) |
37 (3) |
54 (12) |
Record low °F (°C) | 8 (−13) |
9 (−13) |
18 (−8) |
22 (−6) |
34 (1) |
50 (10) |
55 (13) |
50 (10) |
36 (2) |
19 (−7) |
10 (−12) |
−3 (−19) |
−3 (−19) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.39 (61) |
2.45 (62) |
2.18 (55) |
3.31 (84) |
5.00 (127) |
3.66 (93) |
1.68 (43) |
2.30 (58) |
3.27 (83) |
4.38 (111) |
3.34 (85) |
2.58 (66) |
36.54 (928) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.1 (0.25) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
Source: [41] |
The city was heavily damaged by a high-end EF2 tornado on March 21, 2022. The tornado continued well northeast of the city afterwards, causing additional damage before dissipating. Sixteen people were injured.[42]
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1880 | 628 | — | |
1890 | 1,438 | 129.0% | |
1900 | 1,138 | −20.9% | |
1910 | 1,245 | 9.4% | |
1920 | 900 | −27.7% | |
1930 | 1,005 | 11.7% | |
1940 | 1,173 | 16.7% | |
1950 | 1,683 | 43.5% | |
1960 | 2,458 | 46.0% | |
1970 | 2,811 | 14.4% | |
1980 | 12,740 | 353.2% | |
1990 | 30,923 | 142.7% | |
2000 | 61,136 | 97.7% | |
2010 | 99,887 | 63.4% | |
2020 | 119,468 | 19.6% | |
2022 (est.) | 126,697 | [3] | 6.1% |
Race | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
White (NH)
|
56,027 | 46.9% |
Black or African American (NH)
|
11,552 | 9.67% |
Alaska Native (NH)
|
312 | 0.26% |
Asian (NH) | 9,668 | 8.09% |
Pacific Islander (NH) | 177 | 0.15% |
Some Other Race (NH) | 714 | 0.6% |
Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 5,274 | 4.41% |
Hispanic or Latino | 35,744 | 29.92% |
Total | 119,468 |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 119,468 people, 41,896 households, and 29,962 families residing in the city. The 42,580 housing units had 32,338 owner-occupied homes with a median value of $172,500. Of the 41,896 households, 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.5% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.4% were not families. About 18.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87, and the average family size was 3.29.
In the city, the age distribution was 31.9% under 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 38.8% from 25 to 44, 16.3% from 45 to 64, and 4.5% who were 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.6 males.
The per capita income for the city was $30,605.
Round Rock, Texas, with a population of more than 130,000, is located 15 miles north of Austin in the Central Texas Hill Country. Round Rock is the 29th largest City in Texas, according to Texas Demographic Center. [46]
Economy
The City of Round Rock has maintained a high quality of life while becoming a major center for economic growth in Central Texas, with industry clusters in clean energy, advanced manufacturing, life sciences, and computer/software development.[19]
Round Rock has more than 20 major employers
Dell corporate headquarters
Dell, a multinational computer and information technology corporation based in Round Rock, develops, sells and supports computers and related products and services. The company employs about 11,500 people in the Round Rock facilities,[36] and as of 2017, about 138,000 people worldwide.[47] Dell was originally based in Austin after its formation in 1984 as PC's Limited by UT college student Michael Dell. With the need for significant space as it expanded, the City of Round Rock in 1996 offered Dell a "Chapter 380" agreement by offering to split sales tax revenue from in-state sales 50/50 between Dell and the city. (A "Chapter 380" agreement is named for the chapter in Vernon's Statues that permits sales tax revenue sharing for economic development purposes.) It was the first time such an agreement had been used in Central Texas and among the first in the state.[48] As of 1999, approximately half of the general fund of the City of Round Rock originates from sales taxes generated from the Dell headquarters.[48] Today the company is one of the largest technology companies in the world, listed as number 38 on the Fortune 500 (2010). Fortune also lists Dell as the #5 most admired company in its industry. As part of its clean energy program in 2008, Dell switched the power sources of the Round Rock headquarters to more environmentally friendly ones, with 60% of the power coming from
Commercial and retail
Round Rock's largest commercial and office business center is
In 2006, a retail-only hub opened in Round Rock at the corner of IH-35 and Highway 1431 (now renamed "University Boulevard"), across the street from IKEA.[53] The major-retailer center includes the Simon Property Group's Premium Outlets Mall, as well as numerous other retail stores and restaurants. The project was developed by Simon Property Group, with other portions by Barshop and Oles of Austin.
Sports
Round Rock is home to the Round Rock Express, a Triple-A Minor League Baseball team of the Pacific Coast League,[54] owned by RSR Sports (Nolan Ryan, Don Sanders, Reid Ryan) and was founded by Reid Ryan, son of Baseball Hall of Famer Nolan Ryan. As of August 2010, Nolan Ryan is also the new owner of the major league Texas Rangers ball club.[55] Home games for the Express are played at the Dell Diamond, a facility that is owned by the City of Round Rock and leased long-term to RSR Sports, which runs and maintains the facility.
Round Rock opened a free public skate park in 2007[56] behind the Clay Madsen Recreation Center on Gattis School Road.[57]
Round Rock is the self-proclaimed "Sports Capital of Texas".[58] The city's Old Settlers Park offers a professionally designed disc golf course, cricket, cross country running, twenty-field baseball complex, five-field softball complex, and seven soccer facilities in addition to the Rockin' River Family Aquatic Center.[59]
The 11th annual
Government
City government
The city of Round Rock is managed through a council-manager form of government. The city council is composed of six city council members and the mayor. The mayor and all council members are elected at large and serve the entire city, not by geographic precincts. The mayor pro tem is appointed annually by council members.[61] City Council positions are not full-time jobs. The council appoints a full-time city manager, who manages the daily affairs of the city, and all council meetings are held at 221 E. Main Street, in downtown Round Rock, on the second and fourth Thursdays of each month at 7 pm, unless indicated otherwise. Council meetings are televised.[62]
County government
The Commissioners Court[63] is the overall governing and management body of Williamson County, consisting of five members. The county judge presides as chairman over the court, and is elected every four years by all voters in the county. Four commissioners are elected by single-member precincts every four years. While the majority of Round Rock is within Precinct 1, all four precincts include some portions of the city.
State and national representation
- Texas House of Representatives: State Representative District 52: James Talarico (D)
- Texas Senate District 5: Charles Schwertner (R)[64]
- US Congress – Congressman John R. Carter (R), Congressional District 31[64]
- US Congress – Congressman Michael McCaul (R), Congressional District 10[64]
Other political subdivisions
Ten MUDs are in Round Rock: Brushy Creek, Fern Bluff, Highlands at Mayfield Ranch, Meadows at Chandler Creek, Paloma Lake, Parkside at Mayfield Ranch, Siena, Teravista, Vista Oaks, and Walsh Ranch. Total population living within these MUDs is 47,648 (2010 city estimate).[66]
Round Rock's largest district is Brushy Creek Municipal Utility District.[67] Brushy Creek MUD was formed as Williamson County Municipal Utility District No. 2 in October 1977 with 725 acres (2.9 km2) of land. An annexation in 1983 increased the District to 2,210 acres (8.9 km2). The district name was changed to Brushy Creek Municipal Utility District in August 1990. The MUD provides a wide range of city-like services including parks and recreation, full utilities, road maintenance and a Home Owner's Association. Services a MUD can offer, however are also limited by law (for example they cannot offer library services).
Another similar but somewhat smaller MUD in Round Rock's is Fern Bluff Municipal Utility District[68] in the Wyoming Springs area of town. Both MUDs play a significant role in local governance and maintenance of basic utilities.
From time to time, elections to the boards were contentious and heated debates arose regarding other MUD issues.[69] Round Rock does not often annex a MUD to avoiding having to take on the aging infrastructure replacement and upkeep costs.
Education
Public education
Round Rock Independent School District, a Texas Education Agency recognized school district, is in southern Williamson County and northwest Travis County, and includes all the City of Round Rock and portions of the cities of Austin and Cedar Park.[70] The area covers 110 square miles (280 km2) encompassing high-tech manufacturing and urban retail centers, suburban neighborhoods, and farm and ranch land. Roughly 45,00 students attend the district's five high schools, ten middle schools, 32 elementary schools, and two alternative learning centers.
In August 2010, the district opened its fifth high school (
- Students: 44,781 (as of fall 2010)
- Languages spoken: 77
- Average SAT score: 1628 (the state average is 1462 and the national average is 1509)
- Average ACT score: 24.1 (the state average is 20.8 and the national average is 21.0)[71]
In the annual report released July 30, 2010, the Round Rock Independent School District received the highest possible rating ("Exemplary") for 25 of its schools, the highest number so rated in any of the suburban districts in Central Texas. These schools are: Westwood High School. Canyon Vista, Walsh, and Cedar Valley middle schools. Spicewood, Forest North, Caraway, Brushy Creek, Laurel Mountain, Fern Bluff, Canyon Creek, Great Oaks, Teravista, Cactus Ranch, Sommer, Deep Wood, Robertson, Pond Springs, Live Oak, Old Town, Jollyville, Forest Creek, Blackland Prairie, Union Hill and Gattis elementary schools. In 2010, the school district as a whole was rated "
Higher education
Round Rock also has a number of higher education opportunities. In 1990, the city, under the leadership of then-City Manager Bob Bennett, planning director Joe Vining, and local citizen Mike Swayze envisioned and oversaw creation of the
The city is also home to the
In August 2010, Austin Community College's largest campus to date opened adjacent to the Texas State University center.[76][77] ACC is constructing five additional buildings with a total of 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2) to accommodate up to 5,000 students in its first phase. All three campuses are adjacent to each other within the burgeoning Avery Farms development.[78]
The newest component of higher education is the School of Nursing at Texas State University, housed within the university's College of Health Professions. Other programs offered by the college are health information management, health services research, and physical therapy.[79][80]
Infrastructure
Transportation
Major highways
- Interstate 35
- U.S. Highway 79(the southern terminus is here)
- State Highway 45
- State Highway 45 Toll Rd
- State Highway 130 Toll Rd
Toll roads
In November 2006, the
Health care
Round Rock has a wide array of hospitals and extensive health care services. Many of these facilities serve not only Round Rock, but the greater Williamson county area, as well as North Austin.[82]
- Saint David's Round Rock Medical Center was the first major hospital in Round Rock, opening its doors as Round Rock Hospital in 1984. It is a for-profit hospital with a Level II Trauma center as part of the extensive St. David's system.[83]
- Scott & White Healthcare in Templeopened a satellite hospital in Round Rock in 2007. It is on University Boulevard. The facility has full hospital services, but also transfers some patients to its primary Temple campus. Scott & White is a non-profit collaborative health care system based in Temple. Scott & White Healthcare - Round Rock serves residents of Williamson and North Travis counties, including the Austin/Round Rock metropolitan area. Facilities include Scott & White Hospital; Round Rock, Scott & White Hospital; Taylor and 15 additional primary care and specialty clinic locations in: Burnet, Cedar Park, Georgetown, Hutto, Leander, Pflugerville, Round Rock and Taylor.
- Ascension Seton Williamson,Ascension Health.
- Another entrant into the health-care field in Round Rock, opened in December 2009, is the Texas A&M Health Science Center. The 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2) building is the first of up to seventeen buildings expected to be built in coming years. The facility also houses administrative offices, classrooms and a 33,000 square feet (3,100 m2) Lone Star Circle of Care clinic, where health care students will train.[75]
- In 2010, the latest component of higher education is the School of Nursing at Texas State University, housed within the university's College of Health Professions. Other programs offered by the college are health information management, health services research, and physical therapy.[79]
- Lone Star Circle of Care (LSCC) is a grant-funded organization dedicated to serving the health needs of the uninsured and underinsured in Williamson County and nearby areas. They have grown from one clinic in Georgetown in January 2001 to today having eighteen community clinics serving Central Texas. They provided 130,000 patient visits for medically underserved adults and children in 2009. Grants come from the Scott & White Foundation, Seton Foundation, the Michael & Susan Dell Foundation, Georgetown Health Foundation, St. David's Foundation, and many others.[86] In May 2010 the Seton family of hospitals awarded LSCC a $3 million grant for pediatric care.[87] And the new A&M Health Science Center is partnering with the Lone Star Circle of Care for a 32,000 square-foot clinical hub which opened in A&M's existing building in December 2009.[88]
Notable people
- Barbette, female impersonator[89][90]
- Juanita Craft, politician and civil rights activist[91][92]
- Ryan Goins, professional baseball player
- Larry Gonzales, Republican former member of the Texas House of Representatives from Round Rock[93]
- Colleen LaRose, alleged terrorist[94][95]
- Donnie Little, football player[96]
- Billie Lee Turner, botanist
- Wande, a rapper and A&R administrator[100]
Films and television programs in and about Round Rock
- The 1974 cult classic The Texas Chain Saw Massacre was filmed at various Central Texas locations with a majority of shooting at two houses across the road from each other on an old stretch of County Road 172 later diverted in the middle 1980s on what is known as Quick Hill—now the site of the La Frontera commercial development in Round Rock.[101]The movie is based on the real-life crimes of Ed Gein, who killed multiple people, mutilated their bodies and used parts of them to make things such as lamp shades in Wisconsin in the 1950s.
Tours of local sites are still conducted by avid film buffs.[102] In the early 1980s, the movie's dilapidated two-story house – abandoned long before the movie's filming and across the road from the movie's main Texas Chainsaw House built in 1910 and occupied before and after filming – was torched by local area high school students leaving a charred limestone skeleton of the mostly wooden frame. In 1998, the Texas Chainsaw House was disassembled and moved to Kingsland, Texas, where it was reassembled and fully restored and operates as a restaurant at The Antlers Hotel.[103]
- Directed by Joel and Ethan Coen, Blood Simple is a 1984 American neo-noir crime film. It was the directorial debut of the Coen brothers, and the first major film of cinematographer Barry Sonnenfeld. The film's title derives from the Dashiell Hammett novel Red Harvest, in which "blood simple" is a term coined to describe the addled, fearful mindset people are in after a prolonged immersion in violent situations. Blood Simple was re-released theatrically in 2000 and on DVD in 2001 in a "director's cut".
- A majority of the 2002 Disney film The Rookie, starring Dennis Quaid and Rachel Griffiths, was shot at and around the minor-league baseball stadium in Round Rock known as Dell Diamond. It is inspired by the true story of Jim Morris who had a brief but famous Major League Baseball career.[104]
- The Simple Life: (TV Season 2, episode 15). The Simple Life is a reality television series that was broadcast from December 2, 2003, to August 5, 2007. The first three seasons aired on Fox, and the final two on E!. The comedic show depicts two wealthy young socialites (Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie) as they struggle to do manual, low-paying jobs such as cleaning rooms, doing farm work, serving meals in fast-food restaurants and working as camp counselors. Season 2, Episode 15 took place during a Round Rock Express baseball game.[105]
- Written and co-produced by Elgin native Jake Helgren, the movie A Dogwalker's Christmas Tale (2015) had many scenes shot in and around Round Rock. These included downtown Round Rock around the public library and at Star Coffee Company, the Round Rock Dog Depot, and some sidewalk scenes in Mayfield Ranch subdivision.[106]
Sister cities
- City of Lake Macquarie, became a sister city in 1985.[107]
- Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León, became a sister city in 1991.[107]
See also
Notes
References
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