Roundhouse (dwelling)
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A roundhouse is a type of house with a circular plan, usually with a conical roof. In the later part of the 20th century, modern designs of roundhouse eco-buildings were constructed with materials such as cob, cordwood or straw bale walls and reciprocal frame green roofs.
Europe
United Kingdom
Roundhouses were the standard form of housing built in Britain and Ireland from the
Early archeologists determined what they believed were the characteristics of such structures by the layout of the postholes, although a few timbers were found preserved in bogs. The rest has been postulated by
Many modern simulations of roundhouses have been built, including:
Image | Name | Town | County | Country | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barbury Castle | Swindon | Wiltshire | England | (destroyed by fire) | |
Beeston Bronze Age Roundhouse | Beeston Castle | Cheshire | England | Built 2019 | |
Bodrifty Iron Age Settlement | Cornwall | England | |||
Brigantium Archeological Centre | High Rochester | Northumberland | England | Now Dismantled | |
Butser Ancient Farm | Hampshire | England | |||
Cae Mabon | Wales | ||||
Castell Henllys | Pembrokeshire | Wales | |||
Cockley Cley, | near Swaffham | Norfolk | England | ||
Flag Fen | near Peterborough | England | |||
Mellor roundhouse reconstruction | Greater Manchester | England | |||
Peat Moors Centre | Somerset | England | Closed to the public 31 October 2008 | ||
Ryedale Folk Museum | near Pickering | North Yorkshire | England | ||
St. Fagans museum, Wales. | South Glamorgan | Wales | The museum exhibition open for 20 years and was based on roundhouses in Conderton, Worcestershire.[2] | ||
St Fagans National History Museum
|
South Glamorgan | Wales | New exhibition opened in 2016.[3] | ||
Scottish Crannog Centre | Loch Tay | Perthshire | Scotland | Roundhouse reconstruction on a man made island | |
Stonehenge Visitor Centre Neolithic roundhouses | Wiltshire | England | |||
Tatton Iron Age roundhouse and pit | Cheshire | England | |||
Llynnon Mill, Llanddeusant | Anglesey | Wales |
Must Farm revelations
Much of the earlier supposition was confirmed or denied at a stroke by the finding of a set of Bronze Age roundhouses at the archaeological dig at Must Farm in Cambridgeshire, UK, where samples of all the materials, from posts to walls, to roof were all found, collapsed and charred, but still in situ after 3,000 years.
Modern British roundhouses
Ireland
Irish crannógs are located in Craggaunowen, Ireland; the Irish National Heritage Park, in Wexford, Ireland
Italy
Trulli (singular: trullo) are houses with conical roofs, and sometimes circular walls, found in parts of the southern Italian region of Apulia.
Spain
Galicia – Asturias
Pallozas
A
The main structure is stone, and is divided internally into separate areas for the family and their animals, with separate entrances. The roof is conical, made from rye straw on a wooden frame. There is no chimney, the smoke from the kitchen fire seeps out through the thatch.
As well as living space for humans and animals, a palloza has its own bread oven, workshops for wood, metal and leather work, and a loom. Only the eldest couple of an extended family had their own bedroom, which they shared with the youngest children. The rest of the family slept in the hay loft, in the roof space.
Castros
Russia
The Taganrog Round House is a residential apartment building in Taganrog, Rostov and was the first round house built in the USSR. The building is a modern round house built in 1929 and inhabited on 7 November 1932. The shared toilet was outside the house, about 20 meters from it.[6] Plumbing and sewerage were equipped in the apartments of the house only in the early 1960s. By the 80th anniversary of the round house in October 2012, major repairs were carried out, and the anniversary itself was marked by a celebration held in the courtyard by the tenants of the house.[7]
North America
Roundhouses were a common form of architecture in some Native American Tribes. Traditional roundhouses were often used for ceremonies "and provided a large work area during inclement weather."[8] The Chaw Se' Roundhouse in California's Indian Grinding Rock State Historic Park is designated with state historical marker #1001.[9]
Modern roundhouses are being built such as the one at Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage near Rutledge, Missouri, built of cob.[10]
South America
Roundhouses are still in use by Indigenous peoples in Brazil, including large communal Shabono.
Africa
The African round hut is still in use.
Oceania
Raun Haus roundhouses are still in use in Papua New Guinea and are very similar to the ones built in western Europe.[11]
Arctic
The Igloo is a temporary roundhouse built from ice.
References
- ^ Aston, Mick (2001-10-05). "Peter Reynolds: archaeologist who showed us what the Iron Age was really like (obituary) In Africa a round house was found on a volcano". The Guardian. London.
- ^ "The Project: St Fagans 05". theroundhouse.org. 2005.
- ^ "Starting work on our new Celtic Village". amgueddfa.cymru. 20 December 2013.
- ^ "Secret village to be pulled down". BBC News. 1998-10-23. Retrieved 2009-04-12.
- ^ Barkham, Patrick (2009-04-12). "Round the houses". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2009-04-12.
- ISSN 1998-8613.
- ISSN 1997-0935.
- ^ Roseville History before 1820, Roseville Historical Society
- ^ Chaw Se' Roundhouse (No. 1001 California Historical Marker)
- ^ "Cob roundhouse". Archived from the original on 2009-04-10.
- ^ "Raun Haus / Round Haus".