route (command)

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For other uses of "route", see Route (disambiguation).
route

In computing, route is a command used to view and manipulate the IP routing table in Unix-like and Microsoft Windows[1] operating systems and also in IBM OS/2 and ReactOS.[2] Manual manipulation of the routing table is characteristic of static routing.

Implementations

Unix and Unix-like

In

Linux distributions based on 2.2.x Linux kernels, the ifconfig and route commands are operated together to connect a computer to a network, and to define routes between computer networks. Distributions based on later kernels have deprecated ifconfig and route, replacing them with iproute2
. Route for Linux was originally written by Fred N. van Kempen.[3]

Syntax

The command-syntax is: 

route [-nNvee] [-FC] [<AF>]           List kernel routing tables
route [-v] [-FC] {add|del|flush} ...  Modify routing table for AF.
route {-h|--help} [<AF>]              Detailed usage syntax for specified AF.
route {-V|--version}                  Display version/author and exit.

Example

user@linux:~$ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
192.168.101.0   192.168.102.102 255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 eth0
192.168.102.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
192.168.103.0   192.168.102.102 255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 eth0
192.168.12.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
0.0.0.0         192.168.12.1    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0

Microsoft Windows

The command is only available if the

network adapter
.

Syntax

The command-syntax is: 

route [-f] [-p] [-4|-6] [Command [Destination] [mask Netmask] [Gateway] metric Metric if Interface

Parameters

  • -f: Clears the routing table
  • -p: The route is added to the Windows Registry and is used to initialize the IP routing table whenever the TCP/IP protocol is started (only when used with the add command)
  • Command: The command to run (add, change, delete, print)
  • -4: Force using
    IPv4
  • -6: Force using IPv6
  • Destination: Network destination of the route
  • mask Netmask: The netmask (
    subnet mask
    ) associated with the network destination
  • Gateway: The forwarding or next hop IP address over which the set of addresses defined by the network destination and subnet mask are reachable
  • metric Metric: Integer cost metric (ranging from 1 to 9999) for the route
  • if Interface: The index of the interface over which the destination is reachable
  • /?: Command help

The -p parameter is only supported on

Windows Millennium Edition, and Windows XP. It is not supported on Windows 95 or Windows 98
.

IBM OS/2

Syntax

The command-syntax is: 

route [-nqv] [COMMAND] [[MODIFIERS] args]

Parameters

  • -n: Bypasses translating IP addresses to symbolic host names
  • -q: Suppresses all output
  • -v: Verbose
  • COMMAND: The command to run (add, delete, change, get, monitor, flush)
  • -net: <dest> is a network address
  • -host: <dest> is host name or address (default)
  • -netmask: the mask of the route
  • <dest>: IP address or host name of the destination
  • <gateway>: IP address or host name of the next-hop router

ReactOS

Syntax

Print the route table: 

route print

Add a route: 

route add <target> [mask <mask>] <gw> [metric <m>]

Delete a route: 

route delete <target> <gw>

See also

Further reading

  • Stanek, William R. (2004). Microsoft Windows Command-Line Administrator's Pocket Consultant.
    ISBN 0-735-62038-5
    .
  • John Paul Mueller (2007). Windows Administration at the Command Line for Windows Vista, Windows 2003, Windows XP, and Windows 2000.
    ISBN 978-0470165799
    .

References

  1. ^ Adding a TCP/IP Route to the Windows Routing Table
  2. ^ "Reactos/Reactos". GitHub. 4 November 2021.
  3. ^ "Route(8): Show/Change IP routing table - Linux man page".

External links

Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Guide to Windows Commands
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