Real Audiencia of Quito
Real Audiencia of Quito Real Audiencia de Quito | |||||||||
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Real Audiencia of the Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada | |||||||||
1563–1822 | |||||||||
Royal Audiencia of Quito, a map of 1779 by Francisco Requena y Herrera | |||||||||
Capital | Quito | ||||||||
Area | |||||||||
• Coordinates | 0°15′S 78°35′W / 0.250°S 78.583°W | ||||||||
• Type | Audiencia Real | ||||||||
Historical era | Spanish Empire | ||||||||
• Established | 29 August 1563 | ||||||||
• Incorporation into Colombia | 24 May 1822 | ||||||||
• Independence of Ecuador | 13 May 1830 | ||||||||
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Today part of | Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Brazil |
The Real Audiencia of Quito (sometimes referred to as la Presidencia de Quito or el Reino de Quito) was an administrative unit in the Spanish Empire which had political, military, and religious jurisdiction over territories that today include Ecuador, parts of northern Peru, parts of southern Colombia and parts of northern Brazil. It was created by Royal Decree on 29 August 1563 by Philip II of Spain in the city of Guadalajara.[1][2] It ended in 1822 with the incorporation of the area into the Republic of Gran Colombia.
Structure
The 1563 decree established its structure and district:
In the City of San Francisco of El Quito, in Peru, shall reside another Royal Audiencia and Chancellery of ours, with a president; four judges of civil cases [oidores], who will also be judges of criminal cases [alcaldes del crimen]; a crown attorney [fiscal]; a bailiff [alguacil mayor]; a lieutenant of the Gran Chancellor; and the other necessary ministers and officials; and which shall have for district the Province of Quito, and along the coast towards the Ciudad de los Reyes [Lima] to the Port of Paita, exclusive; and inland towards Piura, Cajamarca, Chachapoyas, Moyobamba and Motilones, exclusive, including towards the aforesaid part the towns of Jaén, Valladolid, Loja, Zamora, Cuenca, La Zarza and Guayaquil, with the rest of the towns, which are in their districts or will be founded [in them]; and towards the towns of La Canela and Quijos, it should include said towns and the rest that shall be discovered; and along the coast towards Panama, until the Port of Buenaventura, inclusive; and inland to Pasto, Popayán, Cali, Buga, Chapanchinca and Guarchicona; because the rest of the places of the Government (Gobernación) of Popayan are of the Audiencia of the New Kingdom of Granada, with which, and with the one of Tierrafirme [Panama], it shall share a border on the north; and with the one of Los Reyes in the south; having for its western border the South Sea [Pacific Ocean] and eastern the provinces still not yet pacified nor discovered.
The
The Audiencia of Quito briefly became independent for 3 years after it staged the
Independence
As part of
Presidents of the Real Audiencia
- Hernando de Santillán (1563-1571)
- Lope Díez de Armendáriz (1571-1574)
- Pedro Gracía de Valverde (1574-1578)
- Diego de Narváez (1578-1581)
- Manuel Barros de San Millán (1587-1593)
- Esteban Marañón (1593-1599)
- Miguel de Ibarra (1600-1608)
- Juan Fernández de Recalde (1609-1612)
- Antonio de Morga (1615-1624 – 1627-1636)
- Alonso Pérez de Salazar (1637-1642)
- Juan de Lizaraza (1642-1645)
- Martín de Arriola (1645-1652)
- Pedro Vásquez de Velasco (1655-1661)
- Antonio Fernández de Heredia (1662-1665)
- Diego del Corro Carrascal (1670-1673)
- Lope Antonio de Munive (1678-1689)
- Mateo de la Mata Ponce de León (1691-1703)
- Francisco López Dicastillo (1703-1705)
- Juan de Sosaya (1707-1714)
- Santiago Larraín (1715-1718)
- Dionisio de Alceda (1728-1736)
- José de Araujo (1736-1745)
- Fernando Sánchez de Orellana (1745-1753)
- Juan Pío de Montúfar (1753-1761)
- José Diguja (1767-1778)
- José García de León (1778-1784)
- José de Villalengua (1784-1790)
- Juan Antonio Mon y Velarde (1790-1791)
- Luis Muñoz de Guzmán (1791-1798)
- Luis Héctor de Carondelet (1799-1807)
- Manuel Ruiz Urriés de Castilla, conde de Ruiz de Castilla (1807-1809)
- First Autonomous Junta of Quito (1809-1809), president: Juan Pío Montúfar
- Manuel Ruiz Urriés de Castilla, conde de Ruiz de Castilla (1809-1811)
- José Cuero y Caicedo
- Toribio Montes (1812-1817)
- Juan Ramírez de Orozco (1817-1819)
- Melchor Aymerich(1819-1821)
- Juan de la Cruz Mourgeón (1821-1822)
- Melchor Aymerich(1822)
References
- ^ Volume I, Book II, Title XV, Law 10 of the Recopilación de Leyes de Indias
- ^ Spain (1680). Recopilación de las Leyes de Indias. Titulo Quince. De las Audiencias y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias. Madrid. Spanish-language facsimile of the original.
Bibliography
- Phelan, John Leddy. The Kingdom of Quito in the Seventeenth Century: Bureaucratic Politics in the Spanish Empire. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1967.