Royal Dublin Fusiliers
The Royal Dublin Fusiliers | |
---|---|
Line Infantry | |
Garrison/HQ | RHQ: Naas Barracks, Naas, County Kildare |
Nickname(s) | The Blue Caps, The Dubs, The Lambs, The Old Toughs |
March | Quick: The British Grenadiers Unofficial: The Dublin Fusiliers |
Commanders | |
Ceremonial chief | Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (1908) |
Colonel of the Regiment | Major-General Charles Duncan Cooper (1910) |
Insignia | |
Hackle | Blue over Green |
The Royal Dublin Fusiliers was an infantry regiment of the British Army created in 1881 and disbanded in 1922. It was one of eight 'Irish' regiments of the army which were raised and garrisoned in Ireland, with the regiment's home depot being located in Naas. The regiment was created via the amalgamation of the Royal Bombay Fusiliers and Royal Madras Fusiliers, two army regiments stationed in India, with militia units from Dublin and Kildare as part of the Childers Reforms. Both battalions of the regiment served in the Second Boer War.
During World War I, a further six battalions were raised and the regiment saw action on the Western Front, the Mediterranean and the Middle East, during which its members won three Victoria Cross medals.[1] Following the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922, five army regiments whose traditional recruiting grounds were located in the new state, including the Royal Dublin Fusiliers, were disbanded.[2]
History
Early history
The regiment was created on 1 July 1881 as a result of Childers Reforms by the amalgamation of the 102nd Regiment of Foot (Royal Madras Fusiliers) and the 103rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Bombay Fusiliers).[3] Both the fusilier regiments had originated as "European" regiments of the East India Company and transferred to the British Army in 1861 when the British Crown took control of the company's private army after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[4] Under the reforms five infantry battalions were given Irish territorial titles and the 102nd and 103rd Regiments of Foot became the 1st and 2nd Battalions, The Royal Dublin Fusiliers.[5]
It was one of eight Irish regiments raised largely in Ireland,[6] and served the counties of Dublin, Kildare, Wicklow and Carlow, with its garrison depot located at Naas. Militarily, the whole of Ireland was administered as a separate command within the United Kingdom with Command Headquarters at Parkgate (Phoenix Park) Dublin, directly under the War Office in London.[7] Many of those killed while on service with the regiment and some of their relatives are buried in the Grangegorman Military Cemetery.[8]
The 102nd was based in
When the 103rd became the 2nd Battalion, it was based in England before moving to sunnier climes in 1884, when it was posted to Gibraltar. The following year it arrived in Egypt and then moved to India in 1889, being located in a variety of places there. In 1897 the 2nd Dublins was based in Natal Colony, where it would still be when the Boer War began in 1899.[10]
Second Boer War
The
On 15 November 1899, a detachment of Dubliners and the Durban Light Infantry were garrisoning an armoured train operating from Estcourt with the objective of monitoring Boer movements. The Boers ambushed them on their return and a section of the train was de-railed in the chaos. Among the passengers was Winston Churchill, then a war correspondent accompanying the detachment, who helped load the train engine with wounded before it made an escape attempt, pushing through the de-railed section that blocked its path and making it through safely. The remaining troops put up a stout defence until they were eventually compelled to surrender, including Churchill who had returned to the remaining defenders. Churchill later made a successful escape attempt from his prison in Pretoria. He wrote glowingly of the gallantry displayed by the Dublin Fusiliers and the other troops that were present during the ambush. The Dublins lost three men during the ambush.[13]
The Dublin Fusiliers actively took part in the efforts to lift the Siege of Ladysmith, which lasted from 30 October 1899 to 28 February 1900. On 15 December the 2nd Dublins took part in the Battle of Colenso. The Dublins were part of the 5th Brigade (known as the Irish Brigade) who crossed the wrong part of the Tugela River and suffered heavy casualties in the process. The battle was a defeat for the British forces and became part of a notorious period for the British in the war, known as "Black Week". The defeat, however, did not discourage further attempts being made. The Dublins did not participate in any more attempts until January 1900 when they took part in the Tugela campaign, collectively known as the Battle of the Tugela Heights. February saw the Dublins take part in heavy fighting before, on 27 February, they supported the Royal Irish Fusiliers in their final charge on Pieters Hill, suffering heavy casualties though taking the position. This victory led to the siege of Ladysmith being lifted the following day by cavalry, with the main force of infantry arriving on 3 March. On 10 March 1900 Queen Victoria decreed that a sprig of shamrock be adorned on the headdress of Irish units on Saint Patrick's Day to commemorate their actions in South Africa.[14] This tradition remains in existence with Irish units of the British Army.[15]
In May, the British began their advance towards the Transvaal, one of the Boer republics, and early the following month the Dublins took part in the effort against Laing's Nek during the attempt to achieve an entry into the Transvaal. This was successfully achieved and the capital, Pretoria, was captured on 5 June. The war, however, did not end and the Boers began a guerrilla campaign against the British. During this phase of the war, many blockhouses were constructed to help restrict the movement of the Boer guerrillas and men of the Dublin Fusiliers helped to garrison them. This phase of the war also saw the mounted infantry companies, among which were Dublin Fusiliers MI, in their element, hunting the (now small) groups of Boers. The Dublin Fusiliers also took part in the hunt for Christiaan de Wet, a prominent Boer officer.[16]
The last of the Boers surrendered in May 1902, the Treaty of Vereeniging formally ending the conflict. During the war, volunteers from the three militia battalions of the Dublins had been used to provide reinforcements for the two regular battalions fighting in South Africa. The 2nd Dublins had left South Africa in January 1902. The Dublins suffered nearly 700 casualties (killed, wounded, missing) during the conflict, many of whom died of disease, indeed the vast majority of British Army casualties were from disease.[17]
The 4th (Militia) battalion, formed from the Royal Dublin City Militia in 1881, was one of the reserve battalions. It was embodied in May 1900, disembodied in December the same year, and later re-embodied for service in South Africa during the Second Boer War. 17 officers and 524 men returned aboard Cestrian, arriving at Queenstown (now Cobh) on 2 October 1902.[18]
A music hall song commemorating the bravery of the fusiliers was entitled: "What Do You Think of the Irish Now?" by Albert Hall and Harry Castling. One of the verses said: "You used to call us traitors/ Because of agitators/ But you can't call us traitors now."[19]
After the end of the Boer War the 1st Battalion transferred to
Upon the conclusion of the war, the 2nd Battalion returned to the UK, being based in Buttevant, Cork, Ireland. It left for Aldershot, England in 1910, where it received its new colours from the regiment's Colonel-in-Chief the following year.[22] It remained in England until war began in 1914.[21]
In 1908, the Volunteers and Militia were reorganised nationally, with the former becoming the
First World War
The First World War began in August 1914, and the
Western Front
The 2nd Dublins arrived in France in the month war was declared as part of the
The 2nd Dublins took part in all but one of the subsidiary battles during
The 8th and 9th Dublins, who had arrived in France in December 1915 as part of the 48th Brigade in the 16th (Irish) Division,[21] were also subject to a German gas attack at the Battle of Hulluch, near Loos, on 27 April 1916, suffering heavy casualties.[25] There had been trouble at home that month in Dublin when the Easter Rising had taken place; in spite of this, the Dublin Fusiliers still performed with dedication to their duty. The British launched the Somme offensive on 1 July and the 1st and 2nd Dublins took part in the First day on the Somme that saw the British forces sustain heavy casualties; some 57,000, over 19,000 of which were killed. The 8th and 9th Dublins took part in their first major battle during the Somme offensive, taking part in the capture of Ginchy on 9 September, in which Lieutenant Tom Kettle fell in action.[25] The Dublins also took part in the last major battle of the offensive, at the Ancre that took place between 13–18 November. The Dublins, once again, had suffered large numbers of casualties during the Somme offensive.[25]
In March 1917 the Germans retreated to the
In February 1918, due to the heavy losses that had been sustained, the 8th/9th and 10th Dublins were disbanded and its men were transferred to the 1st and 2nd Dublins. On 21 March the regiment was on the defensive during the
Gallipoli, Salonika and the Middle East
The 1st, 6th and 7th Dublins all took part in the
The 6th and 7th Dublins joined the
On 1 January 1916, the 1st Dublins left Gallipoli for Egypt with the rest of the 29th Division and the last remaining British troops left Gallipoli on 9 January.[21] The ironic thing was that the evacuation of Gallipoli by the Allies was, arguably, the most successful part of the campaign. The Dublins had suffered heavily, nearly all of the just over 1000 men of the 1st Dublins who had landed at Helles in April had been killed, wounded, experienced disease or were missing, but further carnage was to await them in France. The Dublin Fusiliers battalions that had seen service in Gallipoli had had a diverse composition, indeed D Company, 7th Dublins (known as the 'Dublin Pals' in much the same way as the Pals battalions) had a number of professional rugby players and most of the company had attended Trinity College, including Professor of Law Lieutenant Earnest Julian who was mortally wounded at Chocolate Hill and died on board a hospital ship,[33] gaining the company the nickname 'The Toffs' which was in reference to the 2nd Dublins nickname, 'The Old Toughs'.[34]
Meanwhile, the 6th and 7th Dublins had landed in
1916 Easter Rising
Three Battalions of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers attacked rebels in the
Guinness brewery killings
On the night of 29 April 1916, a picket of the 5th Battalion, Royal Dublin Fusiliers stationed within the Guinness Brewery arrested and then shot dead William John Rice and Algernon Lucas. The same night, in a separate incident, Cecil Dockeray, and Basil Worsley-Warswick were shot.[39][40] 2nd Lt Lucas and 2nd Lt Worsley-Warswick were officers in the King Edward's Horse,[41][42] Rice and Dockeray were employees at the brewery. The four men were killed while carrying out routine inspections of the premises. Company quartermaster sergeant Robert Flood, commander of the picket and who ordered the executions was court-martialled, charged with the murders of Rice and Lucas but was acquitted,[43] claiming in his defence that he believed the four to be members of Sinn Féin and that his picket was too small to guard the four prisoners. In the court martial, it was made clear that neither Rice nor Dockeray were connected to or sympathetic to Sinn Féin or the rising.[44][37]
Disbandment
All the war-raised battalions were disbanded either during the war, or shortly afterwards. The 1st Dublins crossed the German border in early December. The battalion eventually reached Cologne where the British Army of the Rhine was based.[9] The battalion returned to the UK a short while afterwards, based in Bordon. The 2nd Dublins left war-ravaged Europe to join the Allied Army of Occupation in Constantinople, Turkey and in late 1920 moved to Multan, India, before returning to the UK in 1922.[9]
Due to substantial defence cuts, and the establishment of the
On 27 April 2001, the Irish government officially acknowledged the role of the soldiers of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers who fought in the First World War by hosting a State Reception at Dublin Castle for the Royal Dublin Fusiliers Association.[48]
Battalions
Battalions of the regiment throughout its existence were:[49][50]
Formation
- 1st Battalion (Regular), disbanded 1922, former 102nd (Royal Madras Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot
- 2nd Battalion (Regular), disbanded 1922, former 103rd (Royal Bombay Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot
- 3rd (Kildare Rifles Militia) Battalion (Special Reserve), disbanded 1922
- 4th (Queen's Own Royal Dublin City Militia) Battalion (Extra Reserve), disbanded 1922
- 5th (Dublin County Light Infantry Militia) Battalion (Extra Reserve), disbanded 1922
First World War
- 6th (Service) Battalion, raised 1914, cadre 1918, disbanded 1919
- 7th (Service) Battalion, raised 1914, absorbed 1918 into 2nd Btn
- 8th (Service) Battalion, raised 1914, amalgamated 1918 and disbanded
- 9th (Service) Battalion, raised 1914, amalgamated 1918
- 10th (Service) Battalion, raised 1915, disbanded 1918
- 11th (Reserve) Battalion, raised 1916, disbanded 1918
Victoria Cross recipients
- Sergeant Horace Augustus Curtis (2nd Battalion)- First World War, 13 October 1918
- Sergeant Robert Downie (2nd Battalion) - First World War, 23 October 1916
- Sergeant James Ockendon (1st Battalion) - First World War, 4 October 1917
Battle honours
The regiment's battle honours were as follows:[5]
- From 102nd Regiment of Foot: Arcot, Plassey, Condore1, Wandiwash, Pondicherry, Nundy Droog, Amboyna, Ternate, Banda, Maheidpoor, Ava, Pegu, Lucknow
- From 103rd Regiment of Foot: Plassey, Buxar, Guzerat, Carnatic, Mysore, Seringapatam, Kirkee, Beni Boo Ali, Aden, Mooltan, Goojerat, Punjaub
- Siege of Ladysmith, South Africa 1899–1902
- First World War (11 Battalions): Macedonia 1915–17
1. Awarded in error. The regiment was not present.
Regimental colonels
Colonels of the regiment were:[5]
- 1881–1887 (1st Battalion): Gen. Sir 102nd Foot)
- 1881–1891 (2nd Battalion): Gen. Sir 103rd Foot)
- 1891–1895: Gen. Sir Robert Walter Macleod Fraser
- 1895–1903: Lt-Gen. Sir John Blick Spurgin, CSI
- 1903–1910: Maj-Gen. William Francis Vetch, CVO
- 1910–1922: Maj-Gen. Charles Duncan Cooper, CB
- 1922: Regiment disbanded
Great War Memorials
- Irish National War Memorial Gardens, Dublin.
- Peace Park, Dublin.
- Island of Ireland Peace Park, Messines, Belgium.
- Menin Gate Memorial Ypres, Belgium.
See also
- British Army Fusilier
- 102nd Regiment of Foot (Royal Madras Fusiliers)
- 103rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Bombay Fusiliers)
References
- ^ "VCs won in the Great War". North-East Medals. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ a b Murphy, p.30 quote: "Following the treaty that established the independent Irish Free State in 1922, it was decided to disband the regiments that had their traditional recruiting grounds in southern Ireland: The Royal Irish Regiment; The Connaught Rangers; The Prince of Wales' Leinster Regiment; The Royal Munster Fusiliers; The Royal Dublin Fusiliers; The South Irish Horse"
- ^ "No. 24992". The London Gazette. 1 July 1881. pp. 3300–3301.
- ^ "East India Company and Raj 1785-1858". UK Parliament. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Royal Dublin Fusiliers". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 26 December 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - Leinster Regiment Depot Birr, Royal Munster Fusiliers Depot Tralee, Royal Dublin Fusiliers Depot Naas
- ^ Harris, H.E.D., pp. 2–3
- ^ "Grangegorman Military Cemetery". Come here to me. March 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Royal Dublin Fusiliers". National Army Museum. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ Mainwaring and Romer, Preface
- ^ "Ireland and the Empire: Divided by a shared history". BBC. 14 May 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ Mainwaring and Romer, pp. 22-28
- ^ "Talana Hill Memorial". The Genealogical Society of South Africa. Retrieved 31 October 2010.
- ^ "Saint Patrick's Day and the Sprig of Shamrock". Royal Irish. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ Dellor, Amanda; Harland, Faye (22 March 2010). "The Irish Guards in Kenya". BBC. Retrieved 15 November 2010.
- ^ Mainwaring and Romer, pp. 121-141
- ^ Mainwaring and Romer, p. 239
- ^ "The Army in South Africa - Troops returning home". The Times. No. 36875. London. 17 September 1902. p. 5.
- ISBN 978-1-84354-381-7.
- ^ "The Army in South Africa - The War office and reservist". The Times. No. 36920. London. 8 November 1902. p. 10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Royal Dublin Fusiliers". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ Carter, Phil. "Presentation of New Colours to the 2nd Battalion The Royal Dublin Fusiliers, 1911". Irish warpipe. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "Territorial and Reserve Forces Act, 1907.". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). United Kingdom: House of Commons. 31 March 1908. col. 295. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
- ^ These were the 3rd Battalion (Special Reserve), the 4th Battalion (Special Reserve) and the 5th Battalion (Special Reserve).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Royal Dublin Fusiliers". Irish Great War Society. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Loveband". Every man remembered. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "Lieutenant Colonel Athelstan Moore". Every man remembered. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- BBC News Magazine. 29 October 2008. Archivedfrom the original on 7 November 2008. Retrieved 6 November 2008.
- ^ Steel and Hart, pp. 90–96
- ^ "No. 29202". The London Gazette (Supplement). 22 June 1915. p. 6115.
- ^ "Lieutenant Colonel Richard Alexander Rooth". Dawlish World War One Project. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ Aspinall-Oglander, pp. 290–295
- ^ "Officers 7th Battalion, Royal Dublin Fusiliers". Dublin Fusiliers. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "The Gunning family". BBC. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "The Capture of Yenikoi in Oct 1916". Dublin Fusiliers. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
- ^ McNally, p 26-27
- ^ a b Sinn Féin Rebellion Handbook. 1917. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help)CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "British Military & Criminal History 1900 to 1999: Sean Heuston". Stephen Stratford. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "Dublin Rising. Murder Charge Against A Sergeant., Shooting Of A Lieutenant". The Times. No. 41192. 13 June 1916. p. 3,col C.
- ^ "Guinness workers killed by soldiers". Weekly Irish Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2010.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Casualty Details: Algernon Lucas". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 13 November 2010.
- ^ "Casualty Details: Basil Henry Worsley-Warswick". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
- ^ "Lieutenant's Death. Sergeant Acquitted Of Murder Charge., "Executions" In Brewery". The Times. No. 41193. 14 June 1916. p. 3, col A. through Times Digital Archive
- New York Times. 14 June 1916. Retrieved 13 November 2010.
- ^ Army Order 78/1922
- ^ Harris, Major Henry E. D., p. 209
- ^ Cottrell, p. 23
- ^ "Irish government recognises Fusiliers". BBC. 27 April 2001. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "The Royal Dublin Fusiliers [UK]". 30 October 2007. Archived from the original on 30 October 2007. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
- ^ Frederick, pp. 238–9.
Sources
- J.B.M. Frederick, Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660-1978, Volume I, 1984: Microform Academic Publishers, ISBN 1-85117-007-3.
- Aspinall-Oglander, C. F. (1929). Military Operations Gallipoli: Inception of the Campaign to May 1915. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence I (1st ed.). London: Heinemann.
- Cottrell, Peter (2008). The Irish Civil War 1922-23, Saorstát Éireann Forces. Osprey Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84603-270-7.
- Harris, Henry E.D. (1968). The Irish Regiments in the First World War. Cork: Mercier Press. ISBN 978-0853420729.
- McNally, Michael (2007). Easter Rising: Birth of the Irish Republic. Osprey Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84603-067-3.
- Murphy, David (2007). Irish Regiments in the World Wars. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-015-4.
- Steel, Nigel; Hart, Peter (1994). Defeat at Gallipoli. Papermac. ISBN 0-330-49058-3.
- The Second Battalion Royal Dublin Fusiliers in the South African War by Arthur Edward Mainwaring and Cecil Francis Romer at Project Gutenberg
Further reading
- Bowen, Desmond & Jean (2005). Heroic Option: The Irish in the British Army. Pen & Sword Books. ISBN 1-84415-152-2.
- Bunbury, Turtle (2014). The Glorious Madness, Tales of The Irish and The Great War. Gill & Macmillan, Dublin. ISBN 978-0717 16234 5.
- Burke, Tom (2007). The 16th (Irish) and the 36th (Ulster) Divisions at the Battle of Wytschats-Messines Ridge, 7 June 1917. The Royal Dublin Fusiliers Association. ISBN 978-0-9550418-1-5.
- Connolly, Séan (2008). A Forlorn Hope: The Royal Dublin Fusiliers and the Kaiser's Battle March 1918. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Association Press. ISBN 978-0-9550418-2-2.
- Cooper, Bryan (2003). The 10th (Irish) Division in Gallipoli. Irish Academic Press. ISBN 0-7165-2517-8.
- Denman, Terence (2003). Ireland's unknown Soldiers: The 16th (Irish) Division in the Great War. Irish Academic Press. ISBN 0-7165-2495-3.
- Dungan, Myles (1997). They Shall not Grow Old: Irish Soldiers in the Great War. Four Courts Press. ISBN 1-85182-347-6.
- Jeffrey, Keith (2000). Ireland and the Great War. Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-77323-7.
- Hanna, Henry (2002). Pals at Suvla Bay: Being the Record of "D" Company of the 7th Royal Dublin Fusiliers. Naval & Military Press. ISBN 978-1-84342-274-7.
- Moore, Steven (2005). The Irish on the Somme. Colourpoint. ISBN 0-9549715-1-5.
- Orr, Philip (2006). Fields of Bones, an Irish Division at Gallipoli. The Lilliput Press. ISBN 1-84351-065-0.
- Wylly, H.C. Colonel (2007). Crown and Company 1911–1922 – 2nd Battalion Royal Dublin Fusiliers. Naval & Military Press: London. ISBN 978-1-84574-406-9.
External links
External image | |
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Talana Hill memorial to the 2nd Battalion, Royal Dublin Fusiliers at the Genealogical Society of South Africa |
- Royal Dublin Fusiliers – a website dedicated to the memory of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers
- The Royal Dublin Fusiliers Association website – an organisation which promotes awareness of the Irish soldiers of the First World War
- Department of the Taoiseach: Irish Soldiers in the First World War