Royal Exchange, London
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Website | theroyalexchange |
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The Royal Exchange in London was founded in the 16th century by the merchant
.The exchange building has twice been destroyed by fire and subsequently rebuilt. The present building was designed by
Traditionally, the steps of the Royal Exchange are the place where certain
History
It was Britain's first specialist
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The original Royal Exchange in an engraving by Wenceslaus Hollar
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The second Royal Exchange by Alain Manesson Mallet in 1683
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The Royal Exchange from Corn Hill by Thomas Bowles in 1781
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The interior of the Exchange in the late 18th century
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The Royal Exchange in 1837 shortly before it was destroyed by fire, showing the replacement tower
Current building
The third Royal Exchange building, which still stands today, was designed by
Paul Julius Reuter established the Reuters news agency at No. 1, Royal Exchange Buildings (opposite and to the east of the Royal Exchange) in 1851. It later moved to Fleet Street.[13]
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Aerial view from the rear
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Plan of the ground floor
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Plan of the first floor
Portico and pediment
The western end of the building consists of a
Anno XIII. Elizabethae R. Conditvm; Anno VIII. Victoriae R. Restavratvm.[8]
or "founded in the thirteenth year of Queen Elizabeth, and restored in the eighth of Queen Victoria".[14]
Statues
Two statues stand in
In front of the portico of the Royal Exchange is a statue of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, the last work of Sir Francis Leggatt Chantrey. The bronze used to cast it was donated by the government and sourced from French cannons captured during the Napoleonic Wars. It was unveiled on 18 June 1844, the anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo, in the presence of the King of Saxony.[8]
Between the Wellington statue and the exchange steps is the
The Gresham Grasshopper
The golden Gresham
Bells
The tower contains a chime of 15 bells all cast by
The combined weight of them is 131 cwt. I qr. The original plan was to have the same number of bells as before the fire (nine) but was increased to 15 at the suggestion of Edward John Dent, who, having visited Brussels to obtain information as to the arrangement of carillons, was convinced to recommend that the number so that a greater range of tunes could be played. Professor Taylor advised the committee to increase them to fifteen, which would then allow of playing in three octaves. The largest is also the hour bell, and bears the following inscription Cast for the Royal Exchange in the year of grace 1844; Richard Lambert Jones, Chairman of the Gresham College Committee; Daniel Watney, Master of the Mercers' Company; Ebenezer Trottman, Assistant; William Tite, Architect; Charles and George Mears, founders. The others only bear the words Royal Exchange, 1844.”[20]Murals
From 1892, twenty-four scenes from London's history were painted on the first-floor walls by artists including
run as a sequence:- Phoenicians trading with the early Britons on the coast of Cornwall by Sir Frederic Leighton(1895)
- Alfred the Great repairing the walls of the City of London by Frank O. Salisbury (1912)
- William the Conqueror granting a Charter to the Citizens of London by John Seymour Lucas (1898)
- William II building the Tower of London by Charles Goldsborough Anderson (1911)
- King John sealing Magna Carta by Ernest Normand (1900)
- Sir Henry Picard, Master of the Vinters' Company entertaining Kings of England, France, Scotland Denmark & Cyprus by Albert Chevallier Tayler (1903)
- Sir Richard Whittington dispensing his Charities by Henrietta Rae (1900)
- Philip the Good presenting the charter to the Merchant Adventurers by Elija A Cox (1916)
- Henry VI Battle of Barnet 1471, the Trained Bands marching to the support of Edward IV by John Henry Amschewitz (1911)
- Reconciliation of the Skinners & Merchant Taylors' Companies by Lord Mayor Billesden, 1484 by Edwin Austin Abbey (1904)
- The Crown offered to Richard III at Baynard's Castle by Sigismund Goetze (1898)
- The Foundation of St Paul's School, 1509 by William Frederick Yeames (1905)
- The Opening the first Royal Exchange by Queen Elizabeth I by Ernest Crofts (1899)
- Charles I demanding the Five Members at the Guildhall, 1641–42 by Solomon Joseph Solomon (1897)
- The Great Fire of London, 1666 by Stanhope Forbes (1899)
- Founding of the Bank of England, 27 July 1694 by George Harcourt (1904)
- Nelson leaving Portsmouth, 18 May 1803 by Andrew Carrick Gow (1903)
- Destruction of the Second Royal Exchange in 1838 by Stanhope Forbes (1899)
- Opening of the Royal Exchange by Her Majesty Queen Victoria, 28 October 1844 by Robert Walker Macbeth (1895)
- Women's Work in the Great War, 1914–1918 by Lucy Kemp-Welch (1922)
- Blocking of Zeebrugge Waterway, St George's Day, 23 April 1918 by William Lionel Wyllie (1920)
- Their Majesties King George V & Queen Mary visiting the Battle Districts in France, 1917 by Frank O. Salisbury (1917)
- National Peace Thanksgiving Service on the steps of St Paul's Cathedral, 6 July 1919 by Frank O. Salisbury (1919)
- Modern Commerce by Sir Frank Brangwyn (1906)
With the outbreak of the Second World War, trading at the Royal Exchange virtually ended. At war's end, the building had survived the Blitz, albeit with some near misses.
Modern use
In 1982 the Royal Exchange was in disrepair – in particular, the glass roof was in danger of collapse. The newly formed
In 2001 the Royal Exchange (interiors and courtyard) was once again extensively remodelled, this time by architects Aukett Fitzroy Robinson. The works involved the restoration of the fabric of the building, a two floor office extension and replacement of the roof above the courtyard.[23]
In a lane by the eastern entrance to the Royal Exchange, stand two statues: one of Paul Julius Reuter who founded his news agency there, and one of George Peabody who founded the Peabody Trust and a business which became J.P. Morgan & Co.[24]
In 2013 a lease of Royal Exchange was sold by Anglo Irish Bank to Oxford Properties, a Canadian property company. It had been announced that the site would be sold with a 104-year lease.[25] Oxford Properties Group, a division of the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System, bought the retail centre for a reported £86.5 million.[26] In October 2022, Ardent UK acquired the retail element of the Exchange from Oxford Properties Group for around £50 million.[27]
See also
- St Bartholomew-by-the-Exchange
- London Troops War Memorial, located outside the Exchange
References
- ^ grisham.weebly.com; accessed 31 July 2016
- ^ "The exchange of Hendrick de Keyser". Exchange History NL.
- ISBN 978-0521819268.
- ^ Burgon, John William (1839). The Life and Times of Sir Thomas Gresham. London: Robert Jennings.
- ^ tudorplace.com; accessed 31 July 2016.
- ^ Mason, 1920, p. 11 ff.
- ^ Mason, 1920, p. 33 ff
- ^ a b c d e f Thornbury, Walter (1878). "The Royal Exchange". Old and New London: Volume I. London: Cassell, Petter, & Galpin. pp. 494–513. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ Townsend, George Henry (1862). The Manual of Dates: a Dictionary of Reference to All the Most Important Events in the History of Mankind to be Found in Authentic Records. Routledge, Warne, & Routledge. p. 496.
- ISBN 978-0-7735-2564-1. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
- ^ See this opening described in Queen Victoria's letter to Leopold I on the next day.
- ISBN 978-0313318009.
- ^ "Company history". Thomson Reuters. 21 November 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
- ^ "Victorian London – Buildings, Monuments and Museums – Royal Exchange". Victorian London (The Dictionary of Victorian London). Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ^ Sir Nikolaus Pevsner. The Buildings of England.
- ^ Philip Ward-Jackson. The Public Sculpture of the City of London 2003.
- ^ Henry Moore Foundation. "Spiller, John". A Biographical Dictionary of Sculptors in Britain, 1660–1851 2009.
- ^ "MEN OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF LONDON". www.iwm.org.uk. Imperial War Museum. 11 January 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ Dean, John Ward, ed. (1895). The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Volume 49. Boston MA: New England Historic Genealogy Society. p. 24.
- ^ "Bells and Chimes of the Royal Exchange". london.lovesguide.com. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ "Royal Exchange - Hidden London". hidden-london.com.
- ^ "London's Royal Exchange | History.co.uk". Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
- ^ "Royal Exchange". Aukett Swanke. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
- ISBN 0853239673.
- ^ Shah, Oliver (10 November 2013). "Square Mile landmark to fetch £80m". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013.
- ^ Waldie, Paul (20 December 2013). "Oxford Properties buys landmark London shopping centre". The Globe and Mail.
- ^ "Ardent UK and Oxford Properties complete Royal Exchange deal". React News. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
Bibliography
- Walter Thornbury. Old and new London: a narrative of its history, its people, and its places, volume 1 (London : Cassell, Petter, & Galpin, 1873) p. 494 ff.
- (London Methuen, 1904) p. 17 ff.
- (London: Royal Exchange, 1920).
External links
- Official website
- The Royal Exchange (Victorian Web)