Leamington Spa
Royal Leamington Spa | |
---|---|
Town | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | LEAMINGTON SPA |
Postcode district | CV31, CV32, CV33 |
Dialling code | 01926 |
Police | Warwickshire |
Fire | Warwickshire |
Ambulance | West Midlands |
UK Parliament | |
Royal Leamington Spa, commonly known as Leamington Spa or simply Leamington[note 1] (/ˈlɛmɪŋtən/ ⓘ), is a spa town and civil parish in Warwickshire, England. Originally a small village called Leamington Priors, it grew into a spa town in the 18th century following the popularisation of its water which was reputed to have medicinal qualities.[2] In the 19th century, the town experienced one of the most rapid expansions in England.[3] It is named after the River Leam, which flows through the town.
The town contains especially fine ensembles of
Although originally founded around its spa industry, Leamington today has developed into a centre for retail, and digital industries, which has gained it the moniker "silicon spa". In 2023 The Sunday Times named Leamington as the best place to live in the Midlands.[5][6]
In the 2021 census Leamington had a population of 50,923.[1] Leamington is adjoined with the neighbouring towns of Warwick and Whitnash, and the village of Cubbington; together these form a conurbation known as the "Royal Leamington Spa Built-up area" which in 2011 had a population of 95,172.[7]
Leamington lies around 9 miles (14 km) south of Coventry, 20 miles (32 km) south-east of Birmingham, and 81 miles (130 km) north-west of London.
History
Formerly a small village known as Leamington Priors, Leamington began to develop as a town at the start of the 19th century. It was first mentioned in the
The old village of Leamington Priors was on the southern bank of the River Leam, and early development was based around this. During the early 19th century, developers began concentrating the town's expansion on the land north of the river. This resulted in the
Leamington became a popular spa resort attracting the wealthy and famous, with numerous Georgian townhouses to accommodate visitors. Construction of what is now the Parade began in sections from 1808,[13] the Regent Hotel in 1818, a town hall in 1830.[14] and the Jephson Gardens in 1834. In 1838 Queen Victoria granted the town a 'Royal' prefix, and 'Leamington Priors' was renamed 'Royal Leamington Spa'. Queen Victoria had visited the town as a Princess in 1830 and as Queen in 1858.[8] In 1840 the Victoria Bridge was opened, connecting the old and new towns, replacing an old, narrow, and inconvenient bridge.[11] Nine years earlier, the opening of Portobello Bridge, a three-arch bridge over the River Avon, reconnected the town to neighbouring Warwick—an earlier bridge nearby having been condemned and demolished in 1830.[15]
The growth of Leamington was rapid; at the time of the first national census in 1801, Leamington had a population of just 315, by 1851 this had grown to 15,724,[11] and by 1901, the population had reached 26,888.[16][17]
The
As the popularity of spa resorts declined towards the end of the 19th century, the focus of Leamington's economy shifted towards becoming a popular place of residence for retired people and for members of the middle class, many of whom relocated from Coventry and Birmingham. Its well off residents led to the development of Leamington as a popular place for shopping.[16]
In 1832 the town's main hospital, Warneford Hospital, opened, named after philanthropist Samuel Wilson Warneford. At first a semi-private affair it was taken over by the National Health Service after the Second World War, before succumbing to budget cuts and closing in 1993.
Leamington is closely associated with the founding of
During the
Geography
Leamington is divided by the River Leam running east to west, which is susceptible to flooding in extreme weather, with especially heavy floods in 1998 and 2007.[23][24]
The Leam is a tributary of the
Leamington has several suburbs; the town has encompassed the former village of Lillington, directly to the north of the town centre. Other suburbs include Milverton to the northwest, Campion Hills to the east, and Sydenham the east. The rapidly expanding Heathcote (or "Warwick Gates") district to the southwest, though often referred to as part of Leamington, actually lies mainly within the boundaries of Warwick, with parts in Whitnash and the parish of Bishop's Tachbrook.
The main road running through the town centre is the Parade (called Lillington Lane until 1860).[3] This shopping street contains high street chains and The Royal Priors shopping mall.
Governance
Local government
Leamington Spa falls under three tiers of local government, county, district and parish: it is a
In 2002 Leamington Spa became a civil parish and gained a new Town (parish) Council, as the most local tier of government.[27]
National representation
Leamington is part of the parliamentary constituency of Warwick and Leamington. From the 1997 general election until the 2010 general election the constituency was represented in parliament by James Plaskitt of the Labour Party; until then this had been a Conservative safe seat, counting former British prime minister Anthony Eden among its Members of Parliament (MPs). The seat became highly marginal at the 2005 general election, where James Plaskitt won with a majority of just 266 votes. In the 2010 general election the seat returned to the Conservative Party, with Chris White winning the seat by 3,513 votes. White remained the MP until the 2017 general election, when the seat was won by Matt Western of the Labour Party, which he retained at the 2019 general election with his majority reduced from 1,206 to 789.
Notable buildings
Buildings in the town include a variety of Georgian and early Victorian architecture, and listed buildings such as the Grade II listed Lansdowne Crescent in neo-classical style, designed by William Thomas between 1835 and 1838.[28]
Amongst the
St Mark's Church on Rugby Road was designed by George Gilbert Scott Jr. in 1879. It is a Gothic revival design, in red brick with stone dressings. It was endowed by the Carus-Wilson family, in memory of Frances Carus-Wilson (d.1872), wife of Sir Trevor Wheler.[29]
There is a
An oak tree just to the northeast of the town centre is marked by a plaque stating that it commemorates the
Demographics
At the
- 86% of Leamington residents were White (Comprising 77.2% White British, 6.7% Other White, and 2.1% Irish)
- 9.2% were Bangladeshiand 0.8% from another Asian background)
- 1.1% were and 0.1% other Black)
- 2.7% were Mixed
- 0.2% were Arab, and 0.9% were from another ethnic group
In terms of religion, 51.5% of Leamington residents identified as Christian, 32.1% said they had no religion, 7.5% did not state any religion, 5.1% were Sikh, 1.5% were Hindu, 1.3% were Muslim, 0.4% were Buddhists, 0.3% were Jewish and 0.5% were from another religion.[35]
Economy
Tourism
The popularity of the town's waters in the 19th century led to the town's initial growth, making tourism Leamington's primary industry in the 19th century.[36]
Retail
In the town centre there are a variety of shops from high street chains to independent retailers, plus an indoor shopping centre, The Royal Priors. There is an out of town retail park called the Leamington Shopping Park (formerly The Shires Retail Park), even though it sits within the boundaries of Warwick.[37] It opened in 1989.[38]
Manufacturing
Tourism was initially driven by the spring waters. The arrival of the
The prominent car parts manufacturer Automotive Products based in the south of the town grew from a small garage to occupy a large site. Throughout the 20th century, while tourism took a downturn, Automotive Products expanded and built a factory in the South of the town in 1928 that is still operative in 2009, although on a much smaller scale.[36] Karobes Limited, with its headquarters in Queensway, was one of Britain's major suppliers of accessories for cars between World War II and the 1970s.
Commercial parks for service providers and light industry and offices are primarily located to the south of the town: Althorpe Street Industrial Estate, Queensway Trading Estate, Shires Gate Trading Estate and Sydenham Industrial Estate.
In June 2014,
Digital media and the video game industry
Leamington Spa and the surrounding area, known as Silicon Spa,[40][41] is a significant global centre for the video game industry,[42] with a higher than average proportion of digital media companies involved in games development, digital design and publishing,[43][44] and over a thousand employed directly in game development.[40] Companies based in or around the town include Third Kind Games, Super Spline Studios, Lab42, Sumo Leamington, Caperfly, Widgit Software,[40] DNA Interactive, Fish in a Bottle, Ubisoft Leamington, Unit 2, Electric Square, Full Fat, Kwalee, Pixel Toys,[40] Playground Games, Red Chain Games,[45] Stickman Studios,[46] Supersonic Software and Midoki.[47] Codemasters are based at Southam near Leamington and were the initial impetus behind the cluster, providing many of the staff for the companies in Leamington.[48] In 2013, Sega's mobile platform studio Hardlight Studio[49] set up in Leamington, and Exient[50] opened a satellite studio. Former companies were
Healthcare
Local hospitals include the Leamington Spa Hospital[52] and the Warwickshire Nuffield Hospital.[53] On 13 July 2021 a coronavirus "mega lab" was opened in the town. Named after English chemist Rosalind Franklin, the laboratory is intended to be capable of processing hundreds of thousands of samples a day, making it the largest of its kind in the UK. It is expected to create up to 1,500 jobs.[54]
Education
There are a number of schools either located within Leamington, or which include Leamington in their priority (catchment) area. Those within Leamington include the state
As well as these schools, Leamington children can attend
Leamington is the location of the first of
Leamington is also home to two national educational charities –
Culture
Leamington Spa Art Gallery & Museum
Leamington Spa Art Gallery & Museum is located in the Royal Pump Rooms, on the Parade. It holds a collection of over 12,000 objects, including fine and decorative arts, as well as items relating to local and social history.[56] It provides exhibitions in the visual arts and about the history of the town, supported by workshops, talks and other events.
Community centres
There are several local community centres.
Peace Festival
Since 1978, the annual free festival and celebration of alternative culture called the Peace Festival has been held in the Pump Room Gardens,[57] however the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic and not been held since 2019.[58]
Music
Live music is provided by local bands in a variety of venues. In December 2005 the band
Theatre and cinema
Two theatres are located in Leamington: the Spa Centre and the amateur The Loft, with outdoor summer productions in Jephson Gardens. Leamington also has two cinemas: the Spa Centre and a multiplex.
Sport and leisure
There are a number of sports clubs and leisure facilities in Leamington Spa, including the oldest purpose built
Parks and gardens
The town has several parks and gardens,[66] including the Jephson Gardens, close to the Royal Pump Rooms and next to the River Leam. These were seriously damaged in the floods of 1998, but have been restored and improved with funding from the National Lottery. The other side of the River Leam, on Priory Terrace features the "Elephant Walk" 19th-century slipway down to the river located near the suspension bridge in Jephson Gardens. It was specifically constructed so that circus elephants in winter quarters in Leamington could be watered.[67] Other parks are the Mill Gardens on the opposite bank of the river to Jephson Gardens, Victoria Park, the Royal Pump Room Gardens, The Dell and Newbold Comyn which includes the nature reserves Welches Meadow and Leam Valley.[68]
Local media
The Leamington Observer is the town's local newspaper.[69]
Popular culture
The cover of the Ocean Colour Scene album Moseley Shoals features the Jephson Memorial in Jephson Gardens.[70] The town has been used as a filming location in various television series. BBC's Upstairs Downstairs used the Georgian terrace at Clarendon Square as a main exterior location.[71] ITV's Sherlock Holmes episode 'The Last Vampyre' featured Guy's Cliffe House, which was severely damaged in a fire during production.[72] Leamington also appeared as a location in ChuckleVision,[73] and often appeared in the 1990s sitcom Keeping Up Appearances.[74][75]
Transport
Road
The town is 3 miles (5 km) away from the M40 motorway, which links it to Birmingham and London. It is also served by the A46, which connects it to Coventry and Stratford-upon-Avon.
Railway
- London Marylebone, Birmingham Snow Hill and onwards to Stourbridge in the peak. Local services run to Stratford-upon-Avon, via Warwick.[76]
- West Midlands Trains operate local peak services to Birmingham and onwards to Worcester Shrub Hill. A line connecting Leamington Spa to Coventry is used by local hourly services to Nuneaton via Kenilworth.[77]
Buses
Local bus services are operated primarily by Stagecoach Midlands; destinations include Warwick, Banbury, Stratford-upon-Avon and Rugby. National Express Coventry operates a high-frequency service to Kenilworth, the University of Warwick and Coventry.[79]
Air
Leamington's nearest international passenger airport is Birmingham Airport.
Coventry Airport is a nearby general aviation airport and former tourist charter hub. It currently (2023) has no scheduled passenger services.
Waterways
The
Cycleways
There are national and local cycleways into and around Leamington including a cycle path to Rugby following the former railway line.
Trams
Between 1881 and 1930, Leamington & Warwick Tramways & Omnibus Company operated trams between the two towns.
Notable residents
Famous people who were born in Leamington include the world champion boxer
Famous people to live or have lived in Leamington include
Twin towns – sister cities
Royal Leamington Spa is twinned with:[86]
- Sceaux, France (since 1969)
- Brühl, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (since 1973)
- Heemstede, Netherlands (since 1987)
Friendship
Royal Leamington Spa has friendship agreements with:[86]
- Leamington, Canada – which was named after Royal Leamington Spa
- Bo, Sierra Leone
Climate
Leamington Spa experiences the oceanic climate which covers most of the United Kingdom.
Climate data for Leamington Spa | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
6.2 (43.2) |
8.9 (48.0) |
11.9 (53.4) |
15.3 (59.5) |
18.8 (65.8) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.1 (68.2) |
17.6 (63.7) |
13.8 (56.8) |
9.2 (48.6) |
7.1 (44.8) |
12.9 (55.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) |
0.1 (32.2) |
1.5 (34.7) |
3.3 (37.9) |
6.0 (42.8) |
9.2 (48.6) |
11.1 (52.0) |
10.8 (51.4) |
8.8 (47.8) |
6.2 (43.2) |
2.9 (37.2) |
1.3 (34.3) |
5.1 (41.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 53 (2.1) |
48 (1.9) |
51 (2.0) |
48 (1.9) |
56 (2.2) |
56 (2.2) |
46 (1.8) |
66 (2.6) |
53 (2.1) |
53 (2.1) |
58 (2.3) |
66 (2.6) |
660 (25.9) |
Source: [87] |
See also
Notes
References
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Further reading
- Storrie, Janet (1990) Elephants in Royal Leamington Spa Weir Books ISBN 978-0-9514433-1-6
External links
- Royal Leamington Spa travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Royal Leamington Spa Town Council