Rubab (instrument)
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Classification |
|
---|---|
Related instruments | |
Rubab, Robab, or Rabab (
Size variants
English | Strings | Pashto | Persian | In Inches |
---|---|---|---|---|
Small | 5 sympathetic strings | وړوکی رباب
Warukay Rabab |
زيلچه
Zaliche |
27 |
Medium | 19 strings, 13 sympathetic strings | منځنۍ) رباب)
(Mianzanai) rabab |
رباب
Rubab |
28 |
Large | 21 strings, 15 sympathetic strings | لوی رباب
Large rabab |
شاهرباب (king size)
Shah rabab |
30 |
Components
English | Pashto | Persian |
---|---|---|
Headstock | تاج
Tāj |
سرپنجه or تاج
"Tāj" or "Sar Penjah" |
Tuning peg | غوږي
Ghwagi/Ghwazhi |
گوشی
Goshi/Gushi |
Nut | ? | شیطانک
Sheitanak |
Neck | غړۍ
Gharai |
دسته
Dastah |
Strings | تارونه
Tāruna |
تار
Tār |
Long/Low Drones
|
شاتار
Shātār |
شاهتار
Shahtar |
Short/High Drones
|
? | ? |
Sympathetic Strings | بچي
Bachi |
? |
Frets | پرده
Pardah |
پرده
Pardah |
Chest | سينه
Sinah |
سینه
Sinah |
Side | ? | صفحه
Safhah |
Skin belly | ګوډی or څرمن
"Tsarman" or "Goday" |
پوست
Pust |
Head or Chamber | ډول
Dol |
کاسه
Kasah |
Bridge | ټټو
Tatu |
خرک
Kharak |
tailpiece | ? | سیمگیر
Seemgeer |
Plectrum | شاباز
Shabaz |
مضراب
Mezrab |
In detail about the strings:
English | Explanation | Pashto | Persian |
---|---|---|---|
Strings | Main strings: 3 and made out of nylon
Long Drone: 2-3 and made out of steel Short Drone: 2 and made out of steel |
تارونه
Tāruna |
تار
Tār |
First/Low/Bass String | Low/Bass String is the thickest string | کټی
Katay |
? |
Second String | Thiner than bass string and thicker than high string | بم
Bam |
بم
Bam |
Third/High String | The thinest string out of all the three main strings | زېر
Zer |
زیر
Zir |
Construction
The body is carved out of a single piece of wood, with a head covering a hollow bowl which provides the sound-chamber. The bridge sits on the skin and is held in position by the tension of the strings. It has three melody strings tuned in
History
The rubab is known as "the lion of instruments" and is one of the two national instruments of Afghanistan (with the zerbaghali).[3] Classical Afghan music often features this instrument as a key component. Elsewhere it is known as the Kabuli rebab in contrast to the Seni rebab of India.[3] In appearance, the Kabuli rubab looks slightly different from the Indian rubab.[5] It is the ancestor of the north Indian sarod, although unlike the sarod, it is fretted.[6]
The rubab is attested from the 7th century CE. It is mentioned in old
The rubab was the first instrument used in
-
Young man with Iranian rubab, 16th century, Safavid Empire. 8-shaped body resembles a tar, but tars have both sides of the 8 covered with hide. Rubabs had a lower section covered with hide, and an upper hollow section covered with wood.
-
Abbasid era rubab, painted on the inside of a bowl, 10th century C. E. The instrument has two strings.
Variants
In
In Tajikistan a similar but somewhat distinct rubab-i-pamir (Pamiri rubab) is played, employing a shallower body and neck.[14] The rubab of the Pamir area has six gut strings, one of which, rather than running from the head to the bridge, is attached partway down the neck, similar to the fifth string of the American banjo.[15]
Notable players
- Ustad Mohammed Omar (1905—1980), Rabab player From Kabul, Afghanistan
- Ustad Rahim Khushnawaz (1945-2010), Rabab Player From Herat, Afghanistan
- Ustad Homayun Sakhi, Rabab Player From Kabul, Afghanistan
- Ustad Ramin Saqizada, Rabab Player From Afghanistan
- Ustad Sadiq Sameer, Rabab Player, From Afghanistan
- Ustad Shahzaib Khan, Rabab Player From Nowshera/Nokhar, Pakistan
- Ustad Waqar Atal, Rabab Player, From Peshawer, Pakistan
- Ustad Hamyuo sakhi, Rabab player, From Afghanistan
- John Baily, Emeritus Professor of Ethnomusicology at Goldsmiths, University of London [16]
- Khaled Arman (b. 1965), Rabab Player and Guitarist From Kabul, Afghanistan [17]
- Daud Khan Sadozai, Afghan Rubab and Sarod Player from Kabul Afghanistan [18]
See also
References
- ^ a b David Courtney, 'Rabab', Chandra & David's Homepage
- ^ The Wide World Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly of True Narrative, Adventure, Travel, Customs and Sport ... A. Newnes, Limited. 1905. pp. 15–.
- ^ a b c d e "The roar of Afghan's 'lion of instruments'". Deccan Herald. 10 April 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
- ISBN 9788120814936.
- ^ Kak, Siddharth (1982). Cinema Vision India, Volume 2. Siddharth Kak. p. 25.
The rubab of Kabul is very similar to the sarod. The Indian rubab looks different. The sarod is a blend of these two rubabs.
- ^ Simon Broughton. "Tools of the Trade: Sarod". Songlines-The World Music Magazine. Archived from the original on 2006-11-18.
- ^ "Indian Music : Indian Instruments". Archived from the original on 2017-10-24. Retrieved 2017-10-23.
- ^ "Rabab". Sikh Musical Heritage - The Untold Story. Retrieved 2022-08-18.
- ^ "Raj Academy | Rabab". Raj Academy. Retrieved 2022-08-18.
- ^ "Rabab". SIKH SAAJ. Retrieved 2022-08-18.
- ^ "Sikh Instruments-The Rabab". Oxford Sikhs. Retrieved 2022-08-18.
- ^ Bharat Khanna (Nov 1, 2019). "Punjabi varsity's Firandia rabab helps revival of string instrument | Ludhiana News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2022-08-18.
- ^ Singh, Baldeep (2012-06-27). "Rabab goes shopping…". The Anād Foundation. Retrieved 2022-08-18.
- ^ "Pastimes of Central Asians. A Musician Playing a Rubab, a Fretted Lute-like Instrument". World Digital Library. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ Music and Poetry from the Pamir Mountains Musical Instruments, The Institute of Ismaili Studies.
- ^ "Professor John Baily". Goldsmiths, University of London.
- ^ "Biography". Khaled Arman.
- ^ "Biography". www.daud-khan.art. Retrieved 2021-05-19.