Rufous hornbill
Rufous hornbill | |
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Buceros h. hydrocorax | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Bucerotiformes |
Family: | Bucerotidae |
Genus: | Buceros |
Species: | B. hydrocorax
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Binomial name | |
Buceros hydrocorax Linnaeus, 1766
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Synonyms | |
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The rufous hornbill (Buceros hydrocorax), also known as the Philippine hornbill and locally as kalaw (pronounced KAH-lau), is a large species of
It is illegal to hunt, capture or possess rufous hornbills under Philippine Law RA 9147.[3]
Distribution and Taxonomy
It is endemic to the Philippines, where it occurs in primary, mature secondary and disturbed forests on 11 islands:
The bill of the
Subspecies
Three subspecies are recognized"
- Buceros hydrocorax hydrocorax: Luzon and Marinduque, Larger with an all red bill, large casque Now extinct on Marinduque
- Buceros hydrocorax semigaelatus:
- Buceros hydrocorax mindanensis:
The HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World has split this into two species with the Northern Rufous Hornbill consisting of the nominate and the Southern Rufous Hornbill consisting of the semigaelatus and mindanensis subspecies.
Behaviour
It is sometimes called "the clock of the mountains" because of its periodic noontime call.[5] It has been recorded to have been preyed upon by the Philippine eagle.[6]
Breeding
As with other hornbills, females seal themselves within the nest cavity, where they lay the clutch, and remain with the growing young for most or all of the nesting period. In some species, the male helps with the sealing process from outside the nest cavity. The nestlings and the female are fed by the male through a narrow vertical slit in the sealed nest opening, at times joined by non-breeding helper males.[7] Nesting time will last in average of 4–6 months. In this duration the male will provide food to his confine female and nestling. They maintain the year- pair bonds and will paired together until many years’ time and engage a courtship feeding.
Feeding
Rufous Hornbills play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of their ecosystem. They are considered a keystone species due to their omnivorous feeding habits, which allow them to disperse seeds along the forest floor from the fruits they consume and control pest populations of insects they predate on.[8]
Habitat and Conservation Status
This species occurs largely in primary evergreen
This species has been classified as vulnerable. It is believed that the North Rufous Hornbill is more threatened as the National List of Threatened Terrestrial Fauna of the Philippines has classified it and Endangered while classifying the southern species or sub-species as Vulnerable.
This species suffers from substantial hunting pressure and widespread loss of habitat as a result of logging and conversion to agriculture. Continued subsistence hunting and felling of remnant
References
- IUCNRed List, 2014
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
- ^ 11th Congress. "Republic Act No. 9147". Official Gazette of the Philippines.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Allen, Desmond (2020). Birds of the Philippines. Barcelona: Lynx and Birdlife Guides International. pp. 200–201.
- ^ Ortiz, Margaux C. (2 February 2013). "Hornbills in the city: Clock ticking on nature's timekeeper". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ^ "Searching for the Philippine Eagle in the Angat Watershed Forest Reserve".
- JSTOR 4088652.
- .
- ^ "Photo of hunter with dead hornbill sparks online outrage". GMA News. April 7, 2014.
4. Clarido, Aiza P. (2017). Dark-winged Clock: Hornbill