Rumelia Eyalet
Eyalet of Rumelia Eyalet-i Rumeli | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1365–1867 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Status | Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital | Edirne (1362–1530) Sofia (1530–1836) Monastir (1836–1867) 41°1′N 21°20′E / 41.017°N 21.333°E | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
• Established | 1365 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1867 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1844[1] | 124,630 km2 (48,120 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
• 1844[1] | 2,700,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Eyalet of Rumeli, or Eyalet of Rumelia (
The capital was in Adrianople (Edirne), Sofia, and finally Monastir (Bitola). Its reported area in an 1862 almanac was 48,119 square miles (124,630 km2).[4]
History
Initially termed beylerbeylik or generically vilayet ("province") of Rumeli, only after 1591 was the term eyalet used.[3]
The first beylerbey of
From its foundation, the province of Rumelia encompassed the entirety of the Ottoman Empire's European possessions, including the trans-
The first capital of Rumelia was probably Edirne (Adrianople), which was also, until the
In the 18th century,
Governors
The governor of the Rumelia Eyalet was titled "Beylerbey of Rumelia" (Rumeli beylerbeyi) or "Vali of Rumelia" (Rumeli vali).
Governor | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Lala Shahin Pasha
|
the first better source needed ]
| |
Timurtaş Bey | fl. 1385 | |
Süleyman Çelebi | before 1411 | son of Bayezid I[10] |
Mihaloğlu Mehmed Bey | 1411 | |
Mustafa Bey | 1421[11] | |
Sinan Pasha ( son of noble Bogdan) | 1430 | |
Hadım Şehabeddin | 1439–42[12] | |
Kasım Pasha | 1443[13] | |
Ömer Bey | fl. 1453[14] | |
Turahan Bey | before 1456 | |
Mahmud Pasha | before 1456 | |
Ahmed | after 1456[citation needed] | |
Hass Murad Pasha | c. 1469–1473 | |
Hadım Süleyman Pasha | c. 1475[15] | |
Davud Pasha | c. 1478[16] | |
Sinan Pasha | c. 1481[17] | |
Mesih Pasha | after 1481[18] | |
Hasan Pasha | fl. 1514[19] | |
Ahmed Pasha | fl. 1521[20] | |
Güzelce Kasım Pasha | c. 1527[21] | |
Ibrahim | fl. 1537[22] | |
Khusrow Pasha | June 1538[23]–? | |
Ali Pasha | fl. 1546[24] | |
Sokollu Mehmed Pasha | fl. 1551[25] | |
Şemsi Ahmed Pasha | 1564 – 1569[26] | |
Doğancı Mehmed Pasha | [27] | |
Osman Yeğen Pasha
|
1687[28] | |
Sari Ahmed Pasha | 1714[29]–1715[30] | |
Topal Osman Pasha | 1721–27, 1729–30, 1731[31] | |
Hadji Mustafa Pasha | summer of 1797[32]–? | |
Ahmed Kamil Pasazade Hakki Pasha | [33] | |
Ali Pasha | 1793[34] | |
Ali Pasha (2nd term) | 1802[35]) | |
Veli Pasha (son of Ali Pasha) 1804[36] | ||
Hurshid Pasha | fl. 1808[37] | |
Köse Ahmed Zekeriya Pasha | 1836–March 1840 | |
Mehmed Dilaver Pasha | May–July 1840 | |
Yusuf Muhlis Pasha Serezli | July 1840–February 1842 | |
Yakub Pasha Kara Osmanzade | ||
Mustafa Nuri Paşa, Sırkatibi | ||
Mehmed Said Paşa, Mirza/Tatar | ||
Mehmed Ziyaeddin Paşa, Mezarcızade | ||
Ömer Paşa, Kızılhisarlı | ||
Mehmed Ziyaeddin Paşa, Mezarcızade | ||
Mehmed Emin Pasha | ||
Asaf Pasha | ||
Mehmed Reşid Paşa, Boşnakzade | ||
Ömer Paşa, Kızılhisarlı (2nd term) | ||
Mehmed Hurshid Pasha Arnavud | ||
Ahmed Nazır Paşa | ||
İsmail Paşa, Çerkes | ||
Abdülkerim Nadir Paşa, Çırpanlı | ||
Ali Paşa, Hacı, Kütahyalı/Germiyanoğlu | ||
Hüseyin Hüsnü Paşa | ||
Mehmed Tevfik Paşa, Taşcızade |
Administrative divisions
1475
A list dated to 1475 lists seventeen subordinate
- Constantinople
- Gallipoli
- Edirne
- Nikebolu/Nigbolu
- Vidin
- Sofia
- Serbia (Laz-ili)
- Serbia (Despot-ili)
- Evrenosoğullari)
- Üsküb
- Arnavut-ili (under Iskender Bey, i.e. Skanderbeg)
- Arnavut-ili (under the Arianiti family)
- Bosnia
- Bosnia (under Stephen)
- Zituni and Athens
- Morea
- Monastir
1520s
Another list, dating to the early reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520–1566), lists the sanjakbeys of that period, in approximate order of importance.:[5]
- Bey of the Pasha-sanjak
- Bosnia
- Morea
- Semendire
- Vidin
- Hersek
- Silistre
- Ohri
- Avlonya
- Iskenderiyye
- Yanya
- Gelibolu
- Köstendil
- Nikebolu
- Sofia
- Inebahti
- Tirhala
- Alaca Hișar
- Vulcetrin
- Kefe
- Prizren
- Karli-eli
- Ağriboz
- Çirmen
- Vize
- Izvornik
- Florina
- Elbasan
- Sanjakbey of the Çingene ("Gypsies")
- Midilli
- Karadağ (Montenegro)
- Sanjakbey of the Müselleman-i Kirk Kilise ("Muslims of Kirk Kilise")
- Sanjakbey of the Voynuks
The Çingene, Müselleman-i Kirk Kilise and Voynuks were not territorial circumscriptions, but rather represented merely a sanjakbey appointed to control these scattered and often nomadic groups, and who acted as the commander of the military forces recruited among them.[5] The Pasha-sanjak in this period comprised a wide area in western Macedonia, including the towns of Üskub (Skopje), Pirlipe (Prilep), Manastir (Bitola) and Kesriye (Kastoria).[5]
A similar list compiled c. 1534 gives the same sanjaks, except for the absence of Sofia, Florina and Inebahti (among the provinces transferred to the new Archipelago Eyalet in 1533), and the addition of Selanik (Salonica).[5]
1538
In 1538 there are listed 29 liva (sanjaks) during the reign of Sultan Suleiman I.[38]
- Sofya (Pasha Sanjak of Rumelia)
- Ağrıboz
- Alacahisar
- Avlonya
- Bosna
- Çirmen
- Gelibolu
- Hersek
- İlbasan
- İskenderiye
- İzvornik
- Karlıili
- Kefe
- Köstendil
- Mora
- Niğbolu
- Ohri
- Prizrin
- Rodos
- Semendire
- Silistre
- Tırhala
- Vidin
- Vize
- Vulçıtrın
- Yanya
- Müselleman-ı Kızılca
- Müselleman-ı Çingane
- Voynugan-ı Istabl-ı Amire
1644
Further sanjaks were removed with the progressive creation of new eyalets, and an official register c. 1644 records only fifteen sanjaks for the Rumelia Eyalet:[5]
- Köstendil
- Tirhala
- Prizren
- Yanya
- Delvine
- Vulcetrin
- Üskub
- Elbasan
- Avlonya
- Dukagin
- Iskenderiyye
- Ohri
- Alaca Hișar
- Selanik
- Voynuks
1700/1730
The administrative division of the beylerbeylik of Rumelia between 1700-1730 was as follows:[39]
- Pasha-sanjak, around Manastir
- Köstendil
- Tirhala
- Yanya
- Delvina
- Elbasan
- Iskenderiyye
- Avlonya
- Ohri
- Alaca Hisar
- Selanik
- Dukagin
- Prizren
- Üsküb
- Vulçıtrin
- Voynuks
- Çingene
- Yoruks
Early 19th century
Sanjaks in the early 19th century:[40]
- Manastir
- Selanik
- Tirhala
- Iskenderiyye
- Ohri
- Avlonya
- Köstendil
- Elbasan
- Prizren
- Dukagin
- Üsküb
- Delvina
- Vulcetrin
- Kavala
- Alaca Hișar
- Yanya
- Smederevo
Mid-19th century
According to the state yearbook (salname) of the year 1847, the reduced Rumelia Eyalet, centred at Manastir, encompassed also the sanjaks of Iskenderiyye (Scutari), Ohri (Ohrid) and Kesrye (Kastoria).[5] In 1855, according to the French traveller A. Viquesnel, it comprised the sanjaks of Iskenderiyye, with 7 kazas or sub-provinces, Ohri with 8 kazas, Kesrye with 8 kazas and the pasha-sanjak of Manastir with 11 kazas.[41]
References
- ^ The Encyclopædia Britannica, or, Dictionary of arts, sciences ..., Volume 19. 1859. p. 464.
- ^ "Some Provinces of the Ottoman Empire". Geonames.de. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
- ^ OCLC 495469475.
- ^ The Popular encyclopedia: or, conversations lexicon, Volume 6, p. 698, at Google Books
- ^ ISBN 978-90-04-09834-3.
- ^ ISBN 9783920153568.
- ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3.
- ISBN 9783920153568.
- OCLC 25241734,
Sjedište beglerbega Rumelije ...prvi namjesnik, Lala Šahin-paša,...
- ISBN 978-0-299-10744-4.
- ISBN 978-0-88033-148-7. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
- ^ Jefferson 2012, p. 280.
- ^ Babinger 1992, p. 25.
- ISBN 978-1-59784-397-3.
- ^ Ágoston & Masters 2009, p. 25.
- ISBN 978-99956-87-77-9.
- ISBN 978-1-59020-449-8.
- ISBN 978-0-7914-8726-6.
- ISBN 978-1-68206-504-4.
- ISBN 978-1-4728-1026-7.
- ISBN 978-90-04-17327-9.
- ISBN 978-0-8014-7543-6.
- ^ Sir H. A. R. Gibb (1954). The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill Archive. pp. 35–. GGKEY:1FSD5PNQ2DE.
- ISBN 978-1-317-08919-3.
- ^ Setton 1984, p. 574.
- ^ Afyoncu, Erhan (2010). "ŞEMSİ AHMED PAŞA". Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Vol. 38. TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi. pp. 527–529.
- ^ Ágoston & Masters 2009, p. 153.
- ISBN 978-0-521-57455-6. Retrieved 2013-06-07.
- ^ Novak, Viktor, ed. (1971). Istoriski časopis, Volumes 18-19. Srpska akademija nauka. Istoriski institut. p. 312.
- ISBN 978-0-87169-192-7.
- ISBN 90-04-11211-1.
- ^ Ćorović 2001
- ^ Robert W. Zens (2004). The Ayanlik and Pasvanoğlu Osman Paşa of Vidin in the age of Ottoman social change, 1791-1815. University of Wisconsin--Madison. p. 96.
- ISBN 978-0-295-96413-3.
- ^ Ágoston & Masters 2009, p. 37.
- ISBN 9783447057530. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
- ISBN 978-0-8047-9612-5.
- ^ Osmanlı Yer Adları I: Rumeli Eyaleti (1514-1550). Ankara: Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü Osmanlı Arşivi Daire Başkanlığı. 2013. pp. 17–32.
- ISBN 975-6782-09-9, p. 91. (in Turkish)
- ^ The Penny cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful ..., Volume 25, p. 393, at Google Books — by George Long, Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge
- ^ Viquesnel, Auguste (1868). Voyage dans la Turquie d'Europe: description physique et géologique de la Thrace (in French). Vol. Tome Premier. Paris: Arthus Betrand. pp. 107, 114–115.
Bibliography
- ISBN 978-0-691-01078-6.
- Ćorović, Vladimir (2001) [1997]. "Početak ustanka u Srbiji". Istorija srpskog naroda. Ars Libri.
- ISBN 978-90-04-21904-5.
- ISBN 0-87169-162-0.
- Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce, eds. (2009). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. New York, NY: Facts On File. ISBN 9780816062591.