Runet
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Russophones
worldwide, who generally use the Internet in Russian languageThe Russian Internet (Russian: русский Интернет) or Runet (Russian: Рунет), is the part of the Internet that uses the Russian language, including the Russian-language community on the Internet and websites. Geographically, it reaches all continents, including Antarctica (Russian scientists on Bellingshausen Station[1]), but mostly it is based in Russia.
The term Runet is a
portmanteau of ru (code for both the Russian language and Russia's top-level domain) and net/network. The term was coined in 1997 by Azerbaijani-Israeli[2] blogger Raffi Aslanbekov (Russian: Раффи Асланбеков[3]), known as "Great Uncle" in Russia, on his Russian-language column Great Uncle's Thoughts.[4][5] The term was popularized by early Internet users and was included in several dictionaries, including the spelling dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences
, edited by V. V. Lopatin in 2001.
Use
For ordinary users, the term Runet means that the content of
English on the Internet
.
Many officials of the Russian government actively use this term as a
business entity and try to control the content of the website or establish a Russia-based clone of Wikipedia.[6][7][8]
Domains
According to reports conducted by Yandex, Russian is the primary language of 91% of Russian websites (in Yandex's list). In the autumn of 2009, Runet contained about 15 million sites (estimated to be about 6.5% of the entire Internet).[9]
Domains with a high proportion of the Russian language include .su, .ru, .рф, .ua, .by, .kz.
Russian is used on 89.8% of .ru sites and on 88.7% of the
former Soviet Union domain, .su. Russian is the most used language of websites of several countries that were part of the former Soviet Union: 79.0% in Ukraine, 86.9% in Belarus, 84.0% in Kazakhstan, 79.6% in Uzbekistan, 75.9% in Kyrgyzstan, and 81.8% in Tajikistan.[10]
Statistics
As of 2013, the 59.7 million Russian-speaking Internet users, represented 3% of global Internet users. In April 2012, Russia was ranked 9th in the world[1] for number of users and 4th (with 4.8%) for number of Russian-language content.[11]
In September 2011, Russia surpassed Germany as the biggest Internet market in Europe, with 50.8 million users.[12]
In March 2013, it was announced that Russian is the second most used language on the web.[10]
Historical overview
Historically the term Runet has been described in several ways.
- In 2009, a Yandex report stated that Runet can include sites written in Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian and Kazakh languages, as well as sites in any language published in the 12 national domains of the original CIS nations: .am, .az, .by, .ge, .kg, .kz, .md, .ru, .su, .tj, .ua or .uz.[13]
- Russian-language Internet. According to the definition in Yandex slovari dictionary published in 2001, "Runet is the Russian Internet. The borders of Internet are usually not based on the "geographical borders", but rather on "languages", and therefore the term Runet is usually considered to be not only websites in .ru domain, but also all Russian-language and/or Russian-oriented[clarification needed] websites".[14] "Economic dictionary" of 2009 says "Runet is Russian-language part of the Internet".[15]This is a common meaning of Runet. Practically, this definition makes it the Russian-language online community of post-Soviet states and their diasporas.
- .ru domain. Runet is the part of Internet, whose websites are in the Vk.com. Runet Day is a semi-official term for April, 7, when .ru domain was created back in 1994.[16]
- Internet in the Russian Federation. According to the definitions found in Finansovy Slovar' and some early-version Yandex slovari dictionaries (disputed by revisions), "Runet is the Russian part of Internet".[17][18] Also, Russian officials strongly suggest that Runet is the Internet in Russia.[19][20]
Research
Berkman Center conducts regular researches of the Russian-language Web, identified by Cyrillic encoding,[21] and, in particular, has papers named "Mapping RuNet Politics and Mobilization"[22] and "RuNet Echo".[23] The prominent Public Opinion Foundation (FOM) regular Internet measurements are titled Runet.fom.ru.[24]
There are Russian internet-reviewing newspapers called TheRunet, Runetologia and others.
See also
- Russophone
- Russian Internet slang
- Russian-language computing
- Russian-language websites
- English on the Internet
- Languages used on the Internet
- Sovereign Internet Law
- Splinternet
References
- ^ a b LiveJournal: Discover global communities of friends who share your unique passions and interests Archived 14 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Livejournal.ru.
- ^ Лихачёв, Никита (7 April 2015). "21-летие рунета — Офтоп на TJ". TJ. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ "ФРИ: Раффи Асланбеков". ezhe.ru. Archived from the original on 2019-03-31. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
- ^ Что Великий Дядя думал 11-го июня 1997 года (the first known usage of the word Runet)
- ^ "Выпуск 128 - архивный выпуск программы "Рунет сегодня" с Максимом Спиридоновым. Радио Финам ФМ". Archived from the original on 2016-03-11. Retrieved 2014-11-27.
- ^ "В России появится своя "Википедия", без геополитических неточностей". hitech.newsru.ru. 14 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2017-08-02. Retrieved 2015-07-17.
- ^ "Депутат попросил Роскомнадзор проверить карты Google и "Википедию" из-за статуса Крыма". hitech.newsru.com. 26 March 2014. Archived from the original on 2015-07-21. Retrieved 2015-07-17.
- ^ "Федеральный чиновник предложил запретить в России «Википедию»". CNews.ru. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
- ^ Контент Рунета. Company.yandex.ru.
- ^ a b Russian is now the second most used language on the web. W3techs.com.
- ^ Usage Statistics of Content Languages for Websites, April 2012. W3techs.com.
- ^ Russian internet biggest in Europe; will earnings follow? | beyondbrics. Blogs.ft.com (14 November 2011).
- ^ "Исследования Яндекса — Контент Рунета". Компания Яндекс. Archived from the original on 2022-04-01. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
- ^ a b "Рунет: Яндекс.Словари, Интернет, 2001". Archived from the original on May 10, 2013.
- ^ "РУНЕТ | это... Что такое РУНЕТ?". Словари и энциклопедии на Академике. Archived from the original on 2018-09-22. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
- ^ "РОИ :: Признать 7 апреля государственным праздником (памятным днем) – «День Рунета»".
- ^ "Рунет | это... Что такое Рунет?". Словари и энциклопедии на Академике. Archived from the original on 2019-09-17. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
- ^ "Рунет. — Естественные науки — Яндекс.Словари". slovari.yandex.ru. Archived from the original on 2022-06-18. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
- ^ "Премия Рунета (Федеральное агентство по печати и массовым коммуникациям)". www.premiaruneta.ru. Archived from the original on 2018-04-27. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
- ^ "Рунету — 10 лет (Федеральное Агентство по печати и массовым коммуникациям)". www.10ru.ru (in Russian).Archived 2012-06-05 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Impact of the Internet on Russian Politics, Media, and Society". Berkman Klein Center. 2 July 2018. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ "Public Discourse in the Russian Blogosphere: Mapping RuNet Politics and Mobilization - Berkman Klein Center". cyber.law.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-01-03. Retrieved 2014-08-20.
- ^ "RuNet Echo · Global Voices". Archived from the original on 2022-06-16. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
- ^ "Фонд Общественное Мнение / ФОМ". runet.fom.ru. Archived from the original on 2018-03-26. Retrieved 2014-08-20.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Runet.
- History of the Internet in Russia (in Russian)
- History of the Internet in Russian language (in Russian)
- 10-years-celebration of Runet (in Russian)